Police officers need to understand that there exists a balance between security and the individual's freedom (Banks, 2009). Officers are also susceptible to corruption, and therefore need to understand that the causes of corruption are often identified and combated through an understanding of and respect for the justice system that is currently in place. Police officers also need to be trained properly, with a foundation in the same concepts and ideas that most Americans hold dear- that all people are created equal and deserve the right to fair and honest treatment. Only through proper training where officers can learn to see "others" as the same as them, and where these "others" become human and relatable, can a culturally sensitive and effective law enforcement body be created.
esources

Baker, T. (2006). Police Ethics: Crisis in Law Enforcement (2nd Ed.). Springfield, IL:

Charles C. Thomas. Pp. 116.

Banks, Cyndi. (2009). Criminal Justice Ethics: Theory and…...

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Resources

Baker, T. (2006). Police Ethics: Crisis in Law Enforcement (2nd Ed.). Springfield, IL:

Charles C. Thomas. Pp. 116.

Banks, Cyndi. (2009). Criminal Justice Ethics: Theory and Practice. Thousand Oaks,

CA: Sage Publications.

Law Enforcement Code of Ethics" is deliberately written to be vague. The reason for this is obvious. There are plenty of practices employed by law enforcement on a daily basis that are widespread and are not actually illegal, but that would not be considered ethical even under the most sloppily-enunciated and lax ethical code. Everyone in law enforcement knows this fact, as does every defense attorney; pretty much everyone in prison knows it too. If such practices, however, could be shown to violate the actual code of ethics that law enforcement is expected to abide by, however, then it would be demonstrable that law enforcement officers know they are behaving unethically and seemingly do not suffer the slightest qualm about doing so. Instead, when the code of ethics is kept vague, law enforcement officers will merely do their best to abide by the law, or avoid getting caught when…...

Deception has been utilized as one of the most valuable tools in investigative processes by law enforcement officers. This tool has been utilized in the criminal justice field for more than a century because of the view that its useful in helping investigative officers in uncovering the truth. As a result, investigative officers commonly utilize deception to conduct investigations, interrogations and in the testimonial process to help uncover the truth relating to the case/issue being investigated. However, the use of deception by investigating officers during investigation, interrogation and in the testimonial process has generated significant ethical concerns. Actually, this practice has generated two juxtaposing ethical behaviors that are characterized with significant ethical concerns in the criminal justice field. Investigative officers are encouraged and allowed to use deception and lie when carrying out investigations and interrogations in order to uncover the truth and eventually seek justice. This paper examines the ethics…...

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References

Alpert, G.P. & Noble, J.J. (2008, November 17). Lies, True Lies, and Conscious Deception. Police Quarterly, 1-18. Retrieved from

Bayley, B. (2010, February 12). Noble Cause Corruption: Do the Ends Justify the Means? Retrieved November 10, 2017, from  https://www.policeone.com/chiefs-sheriffs/articles/2003646-Noble-cause-corruption-Do-the-ends-justify-the-means/ 

Ciske, M. (2009, June 27). The Ethics of Police Deception. Retrieved from The Institute of Applied & Professional Ethics – Ohio University website:  https://www.ohio.edu/ethics/1999-conferences/the-ethics-of-police-deception/index.html 

John E. Reid & Associates. (n.d.). Lying to a Suspect: How Far Can an Investigator Go? Retrieved November 10, 2017, from  http://policelink.monster.com/training/articles/1911-lying-to-a-suspect-how-far-can-an-investigator-go 

 

https://www.nlg-npap.org/sites/default/files/AlpertandNobleLies.pdf

Ethics in Law Enforcement
Ethics are what almost anyone would define as a person's determination between what is good or bad, or more accurately what is right or wrong. Although many of these attitudes can be a product of parenting or other factors in one's maturing environment, ethical decisions could also be a product of environmental factors that are outside of the control of individuals. It is difficult to determine where a person's ethical code, but some professions demand an ethic that is not needed elsewhere.

One such profession is law enforcement. Officers of the law are called upon to "stand in "harm's way" not so much against enemies with bullets, but against enemies skilled in every form of trickery, deceit, feigned ignorance, and deception" (Stevens, 2005). Because of the environment that they must exist in, police officers are constantly deciding whether to make the right decision or take the wrong course.…...

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References

Gilmartin, K.M., & Harris, J.J. (1998). Law enforcement ethics: The continuum of compromise. Retrieved November 24, 2010 from  http://emotionalsurvival.com/law_enforcement_ethics.htm 

Russell, B. (1910). Determinism and morals. From The Elements of Ethics. Retrieved November 26, 2010 from ethics/section-ivhttp://fair-use.org/bertrand-russell/the-elements-of-

Sanford, DH (2010). Indeterminism: Causation and conditionals, ethics and history of philosophy, primer on determinism. Retrieved November 24, 2010 from  http://science.jrank.org/pages/22033/indeterminism.html#ixzz16cFBtAvu 

Stevens, M. (2005). Police deviance and ethics. Retrieved November 24, 2010 from http://faculty.ncwc.edu/mstevens/205/205lect11.htm

Ethics in Law Enforcement
"Sometimes [police officers] may, and sometimes may not, lie when conducting custodial interrogations. Investigative and interrogatory lying are each justified on utilitarian crime control grounds. Police are never supposed to lie as witnesses in the courtroom, although they may lie for utilitarian reasons similar to those permitting deception & #8230;" (Skolnick, et al., 1992)

Is it ethical for law enforcement officers to use deception during the interrogation process? It appears that when officers are attempting to extract a confession from a suspect, deception is, in many cases, commonly applied strategy. Does a code of ethics conflict with the way in which law enforcement conducts its interviews and interrogations? hat do the courts say about deceptive interrogation tactics? These issues will be reviewed in this paper.

Deception in the Interrogation Room

Is it ethical to lie to obtain the truth? No. Do the ends justify the means? No. Regardless of the…...

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Works Cited

Braswell, Michael C. (2011). Justice, Crime, and Ethics. Maryland Heights, MO: Elsevier.

Leo, Richard A. (2009). Police Interrogation and American Justice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard

McMullen, Patrick M. (2005). Questioning the Questions: The Impermissibility of Police

Deception in Interrogations of Juveniles. Northwestern University Law Review, 99(2),

While it is a felony to flee the scene of an accident, a police office is ethically bound to report the issue if he himself is in such an accident. The same is with drunken and disorderly behavior or destruction of property. In "Choirboys" the police officers would congregate in a park after hours to engage in drunkenness, disorderly behavior and sexual orgies with women. And this park was supposed to be out of bounds and closed to the public after hours.
Loyalty

The introduction in this essay already alluded to the "blue wall of silence" that accompanies every police organization. This is an exclusive fraternity and officers are required to look after and out for each other. In fact, beat cops see themselves as removed from the detective squad, whom they refer to as suits. Certainly, most police hate the Internal affairs squad, though they were once beat cops and/or…...

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Bibliography

BusinessWeek. (2004). Who will Fastow Implicate.

Retrieved April 22, 2008, at  http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/jan2004/nf20040115_1433_db035.htm 

Gilmartin, K.M., & Harris, J.J. (1998). Law Enforement Ethics: The Continuum of Compromise. Police Chief Magazine

Retrieved April 22, 2008, at http://www.rcmp-learning.org/docs/ecdd1222.htm

Ethics in Policing
It is crucial for organizations to clearly define ethics and ethical behaviors in the workplace and to also clearly tell its employees what constitutes unethical behavior (oufa, 2016). There is a strong push to uphold the high ethical standards set for the law enforcement community. However, without clear definition of those ethical standards, such efforts would likely not achieve any significant results.

Our understanding of ethics and ethical conduct is based on our personal and societal values. Personal values are those which are based on our personal experiences, religious beliefs, ethnic and cultural backgrounds. These values are unique to every person, which means they are not the best values to inform our professional conduct. Other values, however, are dear to the entire societies or groups. They are derived from the groups' history and understanding of ethical behavior. This is the proper platform on which to base professional conduct/ ethics.…...

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REFERENCES

Davis, W. A. (2014). Examining Student Perceptions: Ethics and Misconduct in Today's Police Department. The Aquila Digital Community. Retrieved from  http://aquila.usm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1038&context=masters_theses 

Roufa, T. (2016, October 12). Ethics in Law Enforcement and Policing. Retrieved from The Balance:  https://www.thebalance.com/ethics-in-law-enforcement-and-policing-974542 

Stephens, D. W. (2011, June). Police Discipline: A Case for Change. Retrieved from U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice:  https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/234052.pdf 

United States Attorney's Office District of Connecticut. (2014, January 23). Former East Haven Police Officer Sentenced To Five Years In Prison For Criminal Civil Rights Violations. Retrieved from The United States Department of Justice: https://www.justice.gov/usao-ct/pr/former-east-haven-police-officer-sentenced-five-years-prison-criminal-civil-rights

These gratuitous cookies are simply a show of appreciation to the police force in general and enhance the job satisfaction factor for officers.
On the other hand, the Code of Ethics states that "Officers will refuse to accept any gifts, presents, subscriptions, favors, gratuities or promises that could be interpreted as seeking to cause the officer to refrain from performing official responsibilities honestly and within the law" (n.d.). With this in mind, it would not be acceptable for an officer to accept a free oil change, in exchange for him not reporting the fact that he noticed a stolen car in the back of shop. Even when gratuities are given without a specific 'favor' in mind, it could be implied that that officer will give special treatment to the person at a later date, and for this reason, in general, gratuities should not be accepted.

eferences

Code of ethics online. (No date).…...

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References

Code of ethics online. (No date). Retrieved July 21, 2006, at http://ethics.iit.edu/codes/coe/Law_Enforcement_Code_of_Ethics.html.

Law Enforcement Officers and Gratuities

Law Enforcement Introduction
The Modern Police Forces

Prior to the formation of the Philadelphia force in 1833, policing primarily consisted of "night watches" and sheriffs recruited from the community (Sabeth). The role of law enforcement was ad hoc in nature to fight crime, night watch patrols, and not an organized or uniform organization. Incidentally, the rural nature of the country did not necessitate an established and robust policing force until the urbanization and industrialization of the 1830s and 1840s. In response to a growing need to maintain law and order on city streets, a significant and visible presence was needed to counter riots and avert crime.

Philadelphia, and later New York, first established polices forces whose jurisdiction and duties were attended twenty-four hours a day (Sabeth). The significance of the modern police force was that it was developed to prevent crime, law enforcement, and maintain order by being visibly present (alker & Katz,…...

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Works Cited

Walker, S., & Katz, C.M. (2008). The Police in America: An Introduction (6th Edition). New York, New York: McGraw-HIll.

Sabeth, D. (n.d.). The Evolution of American Policing. Retrieved September 8, 2012, from American Federation of Police & Concerned Citizens:  http://www.aphf.org/hist.html

Accountability

"Accountability refers to the mechanisms by which both law enforcement officers and the agencies they serve are held responsible for promoting social order, reducing crime, and treating each individual fairly and within the limits of the law" (Chambliss, 2011). The three dimensions of police accountability are accountability to the public, accountability to the law, and accountability to each other (other members of the police force. If one were to look at the most fundamental dimension of police accountability, such as accountability to the public, one would see just how crucial this is: "It both defines and protects citizens' rights while also promoting a collective sense of faith in the larger criminal justice system" (Chambliss, 2011).

The three E's are "Effectiveness -- whether police accomplish what they are supposed to do: A. Do they effectively control crime? B. Are they successful in arresting offenders? Efficiency-- whether they accomplish their tasks in a…...

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References

Chambliss, W. (2011). Police and Law Enforcement. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publishing.

Katz, C. (2002). Chapter Outline. Retrieved from McGraw-Hill.com:  http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/007241497x/student_view0/part3/chapter11/chapter_outline.html 

Newham, G. (2011, June). Tackling Police Corruption. Retrieved from issafrica.org:  http://www.issafrica.org/crimehub/uploads/ISS_Anti-Corruption_SAPU.pdf

Leadership
A comparison of Law Enforcement with Other Professions

Who first comes to mind when you think of a 'Leader'? Is it Alexander the Great? Napoleon? Winston Churchill? Gandhi? Leadership is an interesting phenomenon to consider, from the perspective of civilization, of nations, of political change, and of history. What makes one person a leader while another tries and fails? What is a good leader and how is that different from a 'great' leader? The definition of leadership also varies with the context and with the individual who is defining leadership. The nature of leaders has changed as civilization has evolved, and the leaders we as a society need today may be different from those of a century ago. A national leader is distinct from a local leader, a oy Scout leader, or a team leader in a sport.

Thus, definitions of leadership vary with the situation. However, they include certain specifics: an…...

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Bibliography

Avery, G.C. (2004) Understanding Leadership: Paradigms and Cases. London: Sage

Avolio, B.J. (1999) Full Leadership Development: Building the Vital Forces in Organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Bittner, Egon (1970). The functions of the police in modern society: a review of background factors, current practices, and possible role models. Washington, D.C.: National Institute of Health, Center for Studies of Crime and Delinquency.

Boedker, C., Vidgen, R., Meagher, K., Cogin, J., Mouritsen, J. And Runnalls, M. (2011). Leadership, culture and management practices of high performing workplaces in Australia: The High Performing Workplaces Index. Society for Knowledge Economics: Sydney.

branches within the law enforcement field. All these branches have a range of jurisdictions but have a common purpose of enforcing laws that have been passed by legislatures and the protection of the American citizens and those who live within the American borders. There are different law enforcement agents everywhere and they are interested in what one does, the particular agents present depend on ones location and what they are doing. This paper will look at three law enforcement branches; local, state and federal law enforcement. It will look at what thee three entail and how they differ in terms of jurisdiction and authority.
At the local enforcement agencies, the commonplace and frequently experienced law enforcement agency are municipal police officers. These police officers represent villages, towns and cities. A striking difference between these local officers and those found within state and federal level is that they offer the first…...

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References

Law Teacher. (2014). Local, State and Federal Law Enforcement. Retrieved September 10, 2014 from  http://www.lawteacher.net/criminology/essays/local-state-and-federal-law-enforcement.php 

Harkins, D. (2009). What are the Differences Between Federal, State and Local Law Enforcement. Retrieved September 10, 2014 from http://www.ehow.com/info_8251672_differences-state-local-law-enforcement.html

Women Law Enforcement
There has been a continued effort by the police department to hire Americans into the police force without special regard to race, color or gender. This effort has had a milestone achievement throughout history and has helped gap the difference in race and gender that existed in the police force in the 70s and 80s. The affirmative action has been one of the top agendas for all the government departments and branches. The police included. However, there are some contemporary challenges that the force as a whole faces when it comes to recruitment of female law enforces and even challenges that the recruited law enforcers face. These factors will be discussed below together with the causes and possible panacea to them, in an effort to attain the ultimate balanced society.

One of the challenges as outlined by Price, B.., (1996) is the reception by their male counterparts. He says…...

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References

Parker, (2010). The Challenges and Benefits of Female Officers in Law Enforcement. Criminal Justice School Guide. Retrieved March 30, 2011 from http://www.criminaljusticeschoolguide.com/articles/the-challenges-and-benefits-of-female-officers-in-law-enforcement/

Police Employment, (2011). Women in Law Enforcement. Retrieved March 30, 2011 from http://www.policeemployment.com/resources/articles/women-law-enforcement

Price, B.R., (1996). Female Police Officers in the United States. Retrieved March 30, 2011 from  http://www.ncjrs.gov/policing/fem635.htm 

Susan A.K., (2003). In the Face of Challenges, Women in Federal Law Enforcement Persists

J. Simpson or John Gotti. In both cases, the defendants are entitled to the presumption of innocence only in court; but there is no such "presumption" in the intellectual "court" of one's mind.
A lawyer with integrity would refuse to represent any defendant he believed was probably guilty of horrendous crimes and simply let that defendant be represented by a court-appointed attorney who is obligated by law to represent any defendant who cannot afford a private attorney. If all criminal defense lawyers had high personal ethical standards, the Simpsons and Gottis of the world would find it impossible to retain any defense counsel other than those obligated by law to take their cases.

4. Define and briefly explain ethical dilemma. Of the four categories of dilemmas: discretion, duty, honesty and loyalty, which one applies best to the following situations? Explain your rationale. Also, explain how an officer might analyze the situation from…...

law enforcement agents do better?
The key to improving the efficacy of law enforcement agents is changing the organizational culture to one built on accountability. Walker and Archibold offer a new and potentially revolutionary framework for police accountability. The new vision for law enforcement centers on the PTS model, in which policy, training, supervision, and review are the core parts of organizational change. The current organizational culture of law enforcement has several dysfunctional features, values, and norms. Viewing police culture from anthropological and sociological perspectives, as Kappeler, Sluder and Alpert suggest, shows how norms, values, structures, and institutions create dysfunction, misbehavior, and corruption. Problems like excessive use of force and abuse of power can only be controlled through systematic changes in the organizational culture of policing.

Changing organizational culture requires more than just altering departmental policies and procedural guidelines. After all, most departments will have codes of ethics and guidelines that…...

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References

Kappeler, V.E., Sluder, R.D. & Alpert, G.P. Forces of Deviance. 2nd edition. 1998.

Miller, L. & Tolivier, J. Implementing a body-worn camera program. Washington, DC: Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, 2014.

Sklansky, D.A. The persistent pull of police professionalism. New Perspectives in Policing, March 2011. Retrieved online:  https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/232676.pdf 

Walker, S. & Archibold, C.A. The New World of Police Accountability. Sage. Kindle Edition, 2014.