The regional it Director stated that these services can all be intermingled in customized workflows to support their development strategies and programming requirements. Cincom also had to transition off of a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) by first integrating it into a VoIP framework; a very challenging task according to the regional it Director. This was essential for creating an effective platform for growth that would also capitalize on the deregulation occurring in the telecommunications market (Cannon, 484, 485). The following section shown a representation of the schematic that is comparable to how Cincom dealt with this challenging issue .
hat as Learned

Just how central VoIP can be in the development of any corporate strategy was made very clear in the examples learned about at Cincom. VoIP is literally the backbone of the entire application development platform of Cincom today. at&T is so tightly intertwined with Cincom today that they…...

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Works Cited

Cannon, Robert. "State Regulatory Approaches to VoIP: Policy, Implementation, and Outcome." Federal Communications Law Journal 57.3 (2005): 479-510.

Heron, a.J., and a.H. Warren. "Evaluating VoIP Technology -- Technology Push/Market Pull." BT Technology Journal 19.2 (2001): 158-165.

Juan, Rendon Schneir, and Thomas Pluckebaum. "VoIP Network Architectures and Impacts on Costing." Info: the Journal of Policy, Regulation and Strategy for Telecommunications, Information and Media 12.3 (2010): 59-72.

4B in the United States alone (Juan, Pluckebaum, 2010). The adoption of Federated VoIP technologies that alleviate the bottleneck caused by traditional PSTN frameworks are being pioneered by Google with GoogleTalk, in addition to Microsoft with Skype (Nunn, McGuire, Crowe, 2010). Federated VoIP technologies will continue to revolutionize this area of the telecommunications for decades to come, further lowering operating expense (OPEX) levels of spending and eliminating very large sections of Capital Expense (CAPEX) budget constraints (Nunn, McGuire, Crowe, 2010). The reduction in CAPEX initial upfront costs and the continual erosion of OPEX costs for enterprises will ensure a high level of VoIP adoption over the long-term. This adoption will come at the expense of traditional PSTN systems and networks, which will gradually be replaced with enterprise-wide VoIP systems. Additional factors that define the future of VoIP include the proliferating number of mobile network connections combined with 4G speed now…...

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References

Cheung, C., Kwok, S., & Jackson, K. (2005). Living with VoIP. Telecommunications International, 39(7), 25-28.

Drucker, J. (2004, Jul 26). Telecommunications; wi-fi + VOIP = ? The ability to make wireless calls over the internet is coming; but its impact is a big unknown. Wall Street Journal.

Juan, R.S., & Pluckebaum, T. (2010). VoIP network architectures and impacts on costing. Info: The Journal of Policy, Regulation and Strategy for Telecommunications, Information and Media, 12(3), 59-72.

Nunn, L., McGuire, B., & Crowe, B. (2010). Voice-over-internet protocol (VOIP) cost efficiencies and the decision to implement. The Review of Business Information Systems, 14(1), 1-11.

VoIP Phone Systems:
Beneficial to the Workplace

A Voice over Internet Protocol, or VoIP, system uses groups of transmission technology, communication protocols, and other methodologies in order to allow the delivery of voice communications and multimedia over Internet Protocol networks (International Engineering Consortium, 2007). The major development of mass market VoIP service began in 2004. VoIP is tempting for both the individual and business because it often offers unlimited international and domestic calling services for one flat monthly fee. Businesses are enjoying the benefits of VoIP because of its efficient use of bandwidth and its low costs (International Engineering Consortium, 2007).

Currently, the customer has primary rate interface (PI). PI is a telecommunication standard that carries many voice and data transmissions between a couple of physical locations. PI is not ideal for our customer because its use is intended for large enterprises rather than small business (Unuth, n.d.). The customer has the PI…...

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References

Unuth, Nadeem. (n.d.). What is a PBX? Retrieved November 11, 2010 from  http://voip.about.com/od/glossary/g/whatisPBX.htm .

Unuth, Nadeem. (n.d.). Getting Started with VoIP. Retrieved November 11, 2010 from  http://voip.about.com/od/voipbasics/ss/GettingStarted_8.htm .

International Engineering Consortium. (2007).Voice over Internet Protocol. Definition and Overview.Retrieved November 11, 2010 from  http://www.iec.org/online/tutorials/int_tele/index.asp .

Bit errors, which may be perceived as InErrors and OutErrors prove most significant. Some manageable systems will not permit one to drill down further into the error state, albeit, some systems allow this action and consequently enhance the troubleshooting process. hen these errors surface, one should initially test the cabling channel connected on that port as well as confirm the installation of the latest revision of software on the system and the updated, current status of the firmware calibration. The tester also needs to ensure interfaces and/or patch cords are relatively new. As each implements a limited number of mating cycles, a specific channel may appear to be malfunction when it is performing correctly (VoIP performance testing fundamentals).
The tester also needs to examine duplex configurations as having full duplex links duplex proves vital to performance. Mismatches and/or channels auto-negotiated to half duplex will further limit VoIP operations. Half duplex…...

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WORKS CITED

Kuhl, Craig. "Operation: VoIP: Testing and Monitoring Are Complex. But Key for Solid

Results. (Voice-over-internet Protocol)." CED. Advantage Business Media. 2005. Web.

09 June 2010. .

Linask, Erik. "VoIP Testing Made Easy with Automation." TMC News. 2009. Web. 09 June

12). Each would require however separate DHCP servers so that firewall protection could be easily integrated within the system (Kuhn, Walsh & Fries, 2005; Flatland, 2005). H.323 SIP and other VOIP protocols can be disconnected at the voice gateway that interfaces with the PSTN to allow for stronger authentication and access control on the gateway system (Kuhn, Walsh & Fries, 2005). However this can make key management problematic. Other ways to secure the data and voice network include implementing "packet filters" to track malicious connections (although this doesn't always work and is not always sensible) or IPsec and Secure Shell to manage remote voice and data access so hijackers can't utilize the remote system (Kuhn, Walsh & Fries, 2005).
If performance declines because of security measures then the organization can take advantage of encryption at a gateway like the router rather than "individual endpoints" which would allow "IPsec tunneling" however…...

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References

Flatland, Jeanne. Integrating Voice into the School Network: Benefits of Wireless VOIP,

E Journal (Technological Horizons in Education) vol. 32.8: 2005. p. 26

Kuhn, Richard, Walsh, Thomas and Fries, Steffen. Security Considerations for Voice

Over IP Systems. Special Publication 800-58, National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, January 2005

This system was problematic because of the number of students in the district and the time that it took to engage in this type of communication.
In an effort to find a solution for the problem an Information Systems Manager was called in to assist the district (Milner, 2005). After abandoning an idea that called for the expansion of the traditional telephone system by placing new jacks in classrooms because it would be too costly, the manager advised the use of VoIP for the school system (Milner, 2005). The article explains that throughout the 2002 school year the district implemented the VoIp system throughout all of its 13 schools.

The school district and other school districts throughout the country have benefited greatly form the adaptation of VoIP systems. VoIp offers greater communication between parents and teachers and also serves as an educational tool for students. Overall there has been very successful…...

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References

Milner, J. (2005). VoIP to the Rescue: Faced with the Challenges Hampering School Communications Nationwide, Three Districts Forge into the 21st Century with Web-Based Telephony the Journal (Technological Horizons in Education), 33(5), 30+.

Taylor K. (2006) the Advantages of VOIP for Small Businesses. Retrieved May 28 from;  http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/23214/the_advantages_of_voip_for_small_businesses.html?cat=3 

Voice Over Internet Protocol." United States Federal Communications Commission. Retrieved May 28 from;  http://www.fcc.gov/voip/ 

VoIP subscriber base grows 21% in second quarter, 2006. Retrieved May 28 from; http://www.americasnetwork.com/americasnetwork/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=364860&ref=25

VOIP:
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) can be defined as a series of technologies and technique that is used for release of voice communications and multimedia through Internet Protocol networks. In some cases, this technique is referred to as a means of converting analog audio signals into digital data that can be delivered through an Internet Protocol. The use of the technique is attributed to its ability to transform standard Internet connection into a platform for free phone calls. In the past few years, Voice over Internet Protocol has emerged as an innovative technology with the capability of completely transforming phone systems across the globe. As a result, VoIP providers have not only existed for a considerable period of time but are also growing steadily. However, the use of VoIP to rework modern phone systems is characterized by several advantages and disadvantages.

Use of VoIP:

The use of Voice over Internet Protocol is…...

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References:

Park, P. (2009, December 17). Eight Benefits of VoIP. Retrieved March 9, 2014, from  http://www.enterprisenetworkingplanet.com/unified_communications/eight-benefits-voip 

"The Advantages and Disadvantages of VoIP." (n.d.). Park Communication. Retrieved March 9,

2014, from  http://www.parkcommunication.com/voip/the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-voip.html 

Valdes, R. & Roos, D. (n.d.). How VoIP Works. Retrieved March 9, 2014, from  http://computer.howstuffworks.com/ip-telephony.htm

Voice over IP (VoIP) Security
Voice over Internet Protocol or VoIP refers to making use of telephone services over that of the computer networks. During the first part of the process, the VoIP makes an analog signal which is evolved from the speaker's voice. It is then transferred to a digital signal and further transfers over that of an IP network and this is well inclusive of the Internet. Voice over Internet Protocol is also inclusive of any types of software, hardware, or even that of the protocol which could be linked to VoIP. There are very many examples which could be found relating to VoIP technologies which are being widely in use and there are several of these technologies being provided by various companies. Their various systems have the necessity to make use of analog telephone adapters in such a manner so that the standard type of telephones could be…...

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REFERENCES

Allsopp, Wil. (22 March 2004) "VoIP - Vulnerability over Internet Protocol" Retrieved from   Accessed 11 October, 2005http://www.net-security.org/article.php?id=667 

"Internet Security Systems Discovers Critical Flaws in VoIP Infrastructure; Company Provides

Protection for Customers against VoIP Vulnerabilities" (13 July, 2005) Business Wire. Retrieved from http://www.investors.com/breakingnews.asp?journalid=29005350

Accessed 11 October, 2005

Another option is to use a network simulator which is a device that allows you to exactly model the target network and then see the effect of changing key factors such as routing, link speeds and priorities (Voice-over-IP (VoIP) and network performance, 2007).
The questions that arise after deployment include: is the VoIP system delivering adequate perceived voice quality? And Is the VoIP application affecting the performance of other applications? Voice is, by definition, analogue in nature and voice quality is highly subjective and the same network may deliver different perceived quality for different voice types. When it comes to measuring voice quality, there are two essential advances- analogue and digital. An analogue voice quality tester works by producing a real voice call across a network and weighing it against the received call with the reference call. A digital voice quality tester works by analyzing the packet data stream containing…...

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References

Linask, Erik. (2009). VoIP Testing Made Easy with Automation. Retrieved May 16, 2010, from TMC News Web site:  http://www.tmcnet.com/channels/voip-test-solutions/articles/60010-voip-testing-made-easy-with-automation.htm 

VoIP performance testing fundamentals. (2007). Retrieved May 16, 2010, from Search Unified

Communications Web site:

 http://searchunifiedcommunications.techtarget.com/generic/0,295582,sid186_gci1260128_mem1,00.html#analyze

Fundamentally, proxy servers get SIP messages and redirect them to the next SIP server in the network. Proxy servers are able to provide operations like authentication, authorization, network access control, routing, reliable request transmission, and security. (ii) edirect server: Gives the client with information regarding the nest hop or hops which the message must take and subsequently the client contacts the next hop server and UAS directly. (iii) egistrar Server: Processes requests taking from UACs for registration of their present location. egistrar servers are frequently are co-situated with a redirect or proxy server. (Overview of the Session Initiation Protocol)
Functioning of the SIP:

SIP is an easy, ASCII-based protocol that utilizes requests and responses to set up communication among the different components in the network and to finally set up a conference among two of more terminal points. Users in a SIP network are recognized by a unique SIP address. A…...

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References

Overview of the Session Initiation Protocol" Retrieved at   Accessed on 25 January 2005http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/voice/sipsols/biggulp/bgsipov.htm .

VoIP Voice over Internet Protocol Communication" Retrieved at Accessed on 25 January 2005http://voip-voice-over-ip.com/?GAW06.

VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) (2004) The Concise Tech Encyclopedia. Retrieved at Accessed on 25 January 2005http://www.tech-encyclopedia.com/VoIP.htm.

Voice-over-IP: The Future of Communications" (April 29, 2002)

Skype is not a new technology. VoIP has been around for years but Skype took years to reach the kind of status it enjoys today. Owing to its pioneering status, Skype became popular rather fast which can be held responsible for its slow growth in later years. While Skype was everything that VoIP was touted to be, it still lacked the kind of culture and corporate strategy needed to turn Skype into a major force. Founded in 2003, it was not until 2009 that Skype realized it's potential. The strategy lacked growth which was one of the most major problems with the company. It was indeed unfortunate that Skype with all its potential and pioneering status was not able to devise a growth strategy.
Most of the people using Skype did it for free. They were more interested in computer to computer calls instead of buying minutes to call friends and…...

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References

Nadler-Tushman Congruence Model:  http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newSTR_95.htm 

Kohnstamm, Thomas. Inside Skype.  http://microsoftjobsblog.com/blog/inside-skype

Voice over Internet Protocol, also known as VoIP, converts voice signals into data packets and transmits them over the Internet. VoIP services still stand on the cusp of being included in the list of services to be regulated by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). As is well-known, the public switched telephone network has been under the scrutiny of the FCC for the latter part of it's existence. This paper will explore if a similar approach can be taken for VOIP, this form of telecommunications through information services, and what the ramifications of such an approach will be. Many contend that VOIP is the future of voice transmission, with potential improvements over voice clarity and reducing costs of transmissions. This is preceded by the traditional method of voice transmission that is through towers that aggregate and distribute signals, and cables and wires that transmit signals. VoIP services over the world have…...

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References

Barbagallo, P. (n.d.). Legal, Tax, EHS, and HR Expert Information & Analysis | Bloomberg BNA. Views Vary on FCC Role as Regulator in All-IP World | Bloomberg BNA. Retrieved June 11, 2015, from  http://www.bna.com/views-vary-fcc-n17179872081/ 

(n.d.). Congress.gov | Library of Congress. Committee Reports Search Results - THOMAS (Library of Congress). Retrieved June 12, 2015, from http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/cpquery/R-cp109:FLD010:@1%28sr355%29:

Economides, N. (n.d.). NYU Stern | NYU Stern School of Business | Full-time MBA, Part-time (Langone) MBA, Undergraduate, PhD, Executive MBA Business Programs. TELECOMMUNICATIONS REGULATION: I AN INTRODUCTION . Retrieved June 12, 2015, from  http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/Telecommunications_Regulation.pdf 

(n.d.). Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Home Page. FCC - Telecommunications Act of 1996. Retrieved June 12, 2015, from  http://transition.fcc.gov/telecom.html

VOIP
With the advent of information technology, the ways different aspects of life work and operate have changed a great deal. The advancement in telecommunication sector have revolutionized and redefined the communication systems at all aspects around the world. The process of bringing the world closer that started with the invention of Morse codes has now entered an era of its own where distances of miles are bridged to a few seconds. This is the world of internet protocol. The invention of the internet and then its integration with the telecommunication system has redefined the meaning of communication and revolutionized the way it is done all together.

Blue Wire Communication Solutions Inc. is a company that deals in providing to comprehensive communication solutions, products and services to its customers. The customer base of the company includes both B2B and B2C customers. The company will be providing a diverse range of manufactured and…...

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References

Bielski, L. (2005). IP Call Centers: Coming Online Slowly but Surely Especially for Small to Midsize Firms, Options Begin to Emerge for Banks. ABA Banking Journal, 97(2), 70+. Retrieved March 4, 2012, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5008964700 

Godwin-Jones, R. (2005). Skype and Podcasting: Disruptive Technologies for Language Learning. Language, Learning & Technology, 9(3), 9+. Retrieved March 4, 2012, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5011372410 

Hazlett, T.W. (2006). Rivalrous Telecommunications Networks with and without Mandatory Sharing. Federal Communications Law Journal, 58(3), 477+. Retrieved March 4, 2012, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5016726073 

Lookabaugh, T., Ryan, P.S., & Sicker, D.C. (2006). A Model for Emergency Service of VoIP through Certification and Labeling. Federal Communications Law Journal, 58(1), 115+. Retrieved March 4, 2012, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5013911010

Communication Upgrade Plan
Communications Upgrade Plan

The Abco Company wishes to upgrade its telecommunications technology to a system that is more efficient than the outdated Centrex system now in place. As part of the upgrade plan, the CEO has asked for an explanation of the various systems and technologies available for the upgrade. This research explores various technologies and recommends the proper solution for the business problem at hand.

Communications Upgrade Plan

The Centrex phone system has been the standard in business telecommunications since the 1960s. The system has been the only system of this type for many years. usinesses, such as Abco have had their Centrex System for many years. However, aside from being outdated technology, the Centrex System is no longer the most cost effective solution for businesses. The Abco Corporation has had its Centrex system for as long as anyone can remember. Until recently, no one had ever thought of changing…...

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Bibliography

Callahan, R. (2008). Businesses Move to Voice-over-IP. 12 September 2008. Forbes.com.

Retrieved from  http://www.forbes.com/2008/12/09/skype-vonage-ringcentral_leadership_clayton_in_rc_1209claytonchristensen_inl.html 

This article explores the advantages and move towards VoIP in many businesses.

CISCO. (2011). Quality of Service for Voice over IP. Cisco Systems. Retrieved from  http://www.cisco.com/en/U.S./docs/ios/solutions_docs/qos_solutions/QoSVoIP/QoSVoIP.html

The diffused infrared configuration however, uses a transmitter that fills a given office space with signals. The signal receiver can then be located anywhere in the office area in order to successfully receive the I signal.

The Spread spectrum LANs

This form of arrangement utilizes the multiple-cell configuration. Each of the cells are appropriately assigned a unique center frequency that lies within a specific band in order to avoid signal interference. This transmission technique makes use of two methods; frequency hopping as well as direct sequence modulation

The Frequency hopping method uses signals that jumps from a given frequency to the other within a specific bandwidth. The transmission unit then "listens" to a give channel and if successfully detects any idle time (a time when no signal is transmitted),then transmits the packet via the full channel bandwidth .In case a channel is deemed "full," the transmitter then "hops" to the next channel and…...

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References

Bruce, WR (2002).Wireless LANs End to End, Ron Gilster (ed.), John Wiley & Sons.

Burell, J (2002) 'Wireless Local Area Networking: Security Assessment and Countermeasures: IEEE 802.11 Wireless Networks', Dec. 2002, retrieved 22 March

2011, < http://telecom.gmu.edu/sites/default/files/publications/Jim-Burrell-December-2002.pdf>

Cisco (n.d)"Cisco HWIC-AP WLAN Module for Cisco 1800 (Modular), 2800 and 3800."

Information Technology: A Communication Revolution

Information technology (IT) has profoundly transformed the way we communicate in the modern world. By enabling the rapid and ubiquitous exchange of information, IT has revolutionized our personal, professional, and societal interactions.

Real-Time Communication

One of the most significant impacts of IT has been the advent of real-time communication. Messaging platforms such as WhatsApp, Telegram, and Facebook Messenger allow us to send and receive messages, photos, and videos instantaneously, regardless of location. Video conferencing tools like Zoom and Skype have made virtual face-to-face interactions a reality, bridging geographical distances.

Social Media

Social media platforms have created vast virtual communities where....