Media Violence
The potential relationship between media violence and actual aggression comes to the forefront of public discussion, but unfortunately this discussion rarely takes into account the science related to the relationship between media violence and aggressive behavior. In particular, there is a widespread assumption that media violence directly causes aggression and aggressive behavior, and this assumption has become so common that even secondary scholarly discussions of the evidence have taken to relying on it despite the fact that there is no evidence for a causal relationship between the consumption of media violence and aggressive behavior. hile there is evidence suggesting a link between the two, correlation does not equal causation, and examining this evidence in detail will help make the case that there is no direct cause and effect relationship between media violence and aggressive behavior while simultaneously demonstrating the fallacy inherent in the counter arguments that have been proposed.

It…...

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Works Cited

Boxer, Paul, et al. "The Role of Violent Media Preference in Cumulative Developmental Risk for Violence and General Aggression." Journal of Youth and Adolescence 38.3 (2009): 417-

28.

Freedman, Jonathan L. Media Violence and Its Effect on Aggression: Assessing the Scientific

Evidence. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2002. Print.

This source is particularly important for the topic of media violence because it proves how children are vulnerable to every example of violence they witness, even those which are apparently harmless.
Sparks G.G. & Sherry, J. & Lubsen, G. (2005). The Appeal of Media iolence in a Full-Length Motion Picture: An Experimental Investigation. Communication Reports 18.1-2 .

iolence is mostly present in the media because of its marketing potential, as it appeals to most of the audience, regardless of one's age, ethnic background, or the respective person's ability to understand a certain figure of speech. This article looks into the results of an experiment in which two groups of young people watched the same movie and while one watched the un-edited part (the one including violence), the others watched the edited part (the one where violence was no longer present). It turned out the movie was equally enjoyable in its edited…...

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Violence is mostly present in the media because of its marketing potential, as it appeals to most of the audience, regardless of one's age, ethnic background, or the respective person's ability to understand a certain figure of speech. This article looks into the results of an experiment in which two groups of young people watched the same movie and while one watched the un-edited part (the one including violence), the others watched the edited part (the one where violence was no longer present). It turned out the movie was equally enjoyable in its edited form. When the author's of this article looked into another study, it was found that "children between the ages of 2-11 years preferred to watch situation comedies rather than violent cartoons" (Sparks & Sherry & Lubsen, 2005) thus meaning that children are habitually reluctant to watch violence.

Stomfay-Stitz, A. (2002). Teachers and Media Violence. Childhood Education 79.1.

Stomfay-Stitz's article is important for this paper because it relates to how an adult can get involved in influencing a child's behavior and prevent him or her from "imitating the violent actions and anti-social behavior that has a prominent role in television sitcoms and kiddie cartoon shows" (Stomfay-Stitz, 2002). The article starts off by explaining the vulnerability of children and the traumas they are predisposed to when watching violence cleverly disguised as entertainment. In addition to emphasizing the effects violence in the media can have on children, this article also presents the fact that tutors play an essential role in providing the young ones with education in regard to how they should filter the information they have access to.

Rather, most studies point to a correlation between exposure to media violence and aggressive behavior. For example, . James Potter concludes that "Long-term exposure to media violence is related to aggression in a person's life," and that "Media violence is related to subsequent violence in society," (26). Potter also suggests that certain socio-economic and ethnic groups might be more at-risk for developing aggressive symptoms related to exposure to media violence because of the amount of exposure to television (29). However, most, if not all, studies demonstrate correlation rather than causality. The only causal relationships that can be determined through research are those studies that show short-term, immediate effects of exposure to media violence. According to the Media Awareness Network, "Exposure to violent imagery is linked to increased heart rate, faster respiration and higher blood pressure. Some think that this simulated "fight-or-flight" response predisposes people to act aggressively in the…...

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Works Cited

Facts about Media Violence and Effects on the American Family." 1997 Baby Bag. Online at http://www.babybag.com/articles/amaviol.htm.

Jones, Gerard. Killing Monsters. New York: Perseus, 2002.

Nikolaos, Ioannidis. "Media Violence: Video games and desensitization to violence. Are they correlated?" 2000. Online at  http://homoecumenicus.com/essay_ioannidis_media_violence.htm .

Potter, W. James. On Media Violence. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1999.

Media Violence
A Study on Youth Exposure to Media Violence

In a 2005 study by Kronenberger et al., researchers enter into the oft-discussed subject of media violence and its impact on youth behaviors and tendencies. Published in the Journal of Clinical Psychology, the article makes its focus the degree to which media violence exposure may impede both cognitive and behavioral abilities. These characteristics are captured in the dependent variable of executive function.

The overarching hypothesis of the study in question is a common one and one that has received a great deal of crucial scrutiny both in empirical and rhetorical settings. The matter of youth exposure to media violence is highly debated. The primary hypothesis here proceeds from this debate, asserting that while there is a correlation between exposure to media violence and diminished executive functioning, this is substantially impacted by the behavioral tendencies innate to the subject.

Study:

The study offered a comparative analysis…...

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Works Cited:

Kronenberger, W.G. et al. (2005). Media Violence Exposure and Executive Functioning in Aggressive and Control Adolescents. Journal OF Clinical Psychology, 61(6), 723-737.

Because thee was not the time o means to get a vey divese population of individuals, thee may be some limitations when it comes to social class as well as pevious levels of aggession in the childen and youths. Thee ae only two gils compaed with the eight boys. This may be consideed a limitation as well, but moe paents of boys answeed the ad and this may be because the paents ae aleady awae that thei boys ae paticipating in violent video games o watching violent movies. In geneal, it could be assumed that boys have a tendency to be dawn towad violent media -- much moe so than gils. But again, this may be consideed a limitation.

Anothe limitation was that thee wee not means to hie a docto to take heatbeat o pulses befoe the childen went in to watch the violent media and afte they had watched…...

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references, symptoms of psychological trauma, and violent behaviors among children who watch television. Journal of the America academy of child and adolescent psychiatry,37,(10), 1041-48.

Smith, S.L., & Donnerstein, E. (1998). Harmful effects of exposure to media violence: Learning of aggression, emotional desensitization, and fear. Human aggression: Theories, research, and implications for social policy. London:

Academic Press, Inc.

Stossel, Scott. (1997). The man who counts the killings. The Atlantic online.

Retrieved from  http://www.theatlantic.com/past/docs/issues/97may/gerbner.htm

In contrast, Cline, Croft and Courrier, writing in "Desensitization of Children to Television Violence," reports that the facts bear out the truth of the problem, namely, that children who watch too much television become insensitive to real violence and see it as a way to solve personal conflicts with friends, schoolmates and their siblings. Likewise, D.G. Singer in "Does Violent Television Produce Aggressive Children?" declares that "Most researchers conservatively estimate that between 10 and 15% of aggressive behavior in children is attributable to high levels of media violence. The media's influence on more serious forms of antisocial and criminal behavior is even greater" (809). Also, Judith Lightner in "Television and the Collapse of Childhood Innocence" sums up her argument with "While there may be disagreement among researchers as to the exact contribution of media violence to real-life violence, there is no disagreement that it makes a significant contribution" (258).

In conclusion,…...

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Bibliography

Berkowitz, Leonard. "Situational Influences of Reactions to Observed Violence." Journal of Social Issues. (1992). 42, 3: 93-106.

A and Edward Rawlings. "Effects of Film Violence on Inhibitions Against Subsequent Aggression." Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. (1995). 45: 345-52.

Cline, V.B., R.G. Croft and S. Courrier. "Desensitization of Children to Television Violence."

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. (1991). 28: 360-65.

Media Violence
The role of media content in the violent activities has been found to be prominent in the real life events and it has been observed that the individuals tend to adopt the violent acts by means of their cognitive learning and social process. There exists stimulus which makes individuals to indulge in the media illustrations and cause them to replicate these actions in the real life. Moreover, the existence of guideline for the accessibility of specific media towards specific audience has made it possible to discontinue the exposure of violent media towards the vulnerable audience.

Theories -- Analysis and Evaluation

Types of Violence

Unpunished violence

Painless violence

Happy violence

Heroic violence

eal-Life Evidences

Preventive Measures

Limited esearches

Conclusion

EFEENCES

Introduction

The thematic illustration of violence in media-content has become a trend in the mass-media and entertainment industry and has created the notion of making its target audience aggressive and to be indulged in violent activities. The violent activities have been increased over…...

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REFERENCES

Bandura, A. (1978). Social learning theory of aggression. Journal of communication, 28(3), pp. 12-29.

BBFC. (2014). BBFC Guidelines: Age Ratings You Trust. Available from:   ines%202014_5.pdfhttp://www.bbfc.co.uk/sites/default/files/attachments/BBFC%20Classification%20Guidel 

Blumer, H. (1933). The Movies and Conduct. New York: The Macmillan Company.

Browne, K.D., & Hamilton-Giachritsis, C. (2005). The influence of violent media on children and adolescents: a public-health approach. The Lancet, 365(9460), pp. 702-710.

In 1999, the average person in England and ales watched 26 hours of television and listened to 19 hours of radio per week - this amounts to 40% of their waking life, and the figures are higher for youth and in particular working class youth (Young). Not only has the quantity of media usage increased, but the level of violence depicted in the media has increased dramatically, due in part to the luring of a youth audience (Young). For example, in the 1950's television series, Dragnet, there were a total of fifteen bullets fired during an entire season, compared to the multiple killings in a typical television series today. The hero in the 1987 movie, Robocop, killed 32 people, while in the 1990 Robocop II, he killed 81, and the 1989 Rambo III killed roughly twice as many in the 1985 original Rambo, and then there is Bruce illis' Die…...

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Works Cited

Barak, Azy. "Internet pornography: a social psychological perspective on internet sexuality." The Journal of Sex Research. November 1, 2001. Retrieved December 23, 2006 from HighBeam Research Library.

Benenson, Blanche S. "Exposure to violence and psychosocial adjustment among urban school-aged children." Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics. December 1, 2003. Retrieved December 23, 2006 from HighBeam Research Library.

Comstock, George. "A Sociological Perspective on Television Violence and Aggression." Syracuse University. January 2004. Retrieved December 23, 2006 at  http://64.233.161.104/search?q=cache:z3S3CFmvDTAJ:www.sidos.ch/method/RC28/abstracts/George%2520Comstock.pdf+Media+Violence+and+Social+Deviance&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=20 

D'Andrea, Michael. "Comprehensive school-based violence prevention training: a developmental-ecological training model. Journal of Counseling and Development. June 22, 2004. Retrieved December 23, 2006 from HighBeam Research Library.

68)
The report noted that, of 10,000 hours of broadcast programming reviewed by the National Television Violence Study, 61% portrayed interpersonal violence, much of it in an entertaining or glamorized manner."

According to Lavers the highest violence proportion occurred in children's programming with 100% of animated films produced in the United States between 1937 and 1999 portraying violence. (Lavers, 2002, p. 68)

Media violence and actual violence can be linked as causative forces.

Murder rates doubled 10 to 15 years after the introduction of television in the United States, Canada, and virtually every country where 'free' television was launched -- truly a troubling anecdote." (Lavers, 2002, p. 68) negative relationship between media consumption and various conceptualizations of social satisfaction or contentedness or "affective equilibrium" has long been noted." (oberts, Foehr, ideout & Brodie, 2003, p. 165)

Given the pervasiveness of media violence, it would be surprising if it had no effect on viewers." (Felson,…...

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References

Felson, R.B. (1996). Mass Media Effects on Violent Behavior. 103.

Lavers, D. (2002, March). Media Violence: Ugly and Getting Uglier. World and I, 17, 68.

Prothrow-Stith, D., & Spivak, H.R. (2004). Murder Is No Accident: Understanding and Preventing Youth Violence in America. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Roberts, D.F., Foehr, U.G., Rideout, V.J., & Brodie, M. (2003). Kids and Media in America: Patterns of Use at the Millennium. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Forty-eight percent of commercials that had violence in them were advertisements for movies; 38% were advertisements for television programs. The conclusion that Tamburro comes up with is that "parents should remain present during commercials" or alternatively should institute technology that allows commercials to be skipped (Tamburro, p. 1662). Moreover, the authors believe that "efforts should be made that promote television shows and movies on the basis of the hour at which the sporting event is aired" (Tamburro, p. 1662). One good reason for these recommendations -- besides the obvious reasons -- is that "injuries are the leading cause of death in children," and it has been shown empirically that exposure to media increases children's risk-taking behavior (Tamburro, p. 1662).

A research project published in the journal the Future of Children reports that people who begin drinking alcohol at age fourteen or younger are approximately "four times as likely to become alcohol…...

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Works Cited

American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. (2002). Children and TV Violence.

Retrieved Dec. 22, 2010, from  http://www.aacap.org .

Borzekowski, Dina L.G., and Robinson, Thomas N. Viewing the Viewers: Ten Video Cases

of children's Television Viewing Behaviors. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media.

The Impact and Ethical Dilemmas of Media Violence
In the landscape of modern media, depictions of violence are omnipresent. From the news reports streaming in with the latest updates on global conflicts to the fictitious yet graphic portrayals in films, television shows, and video games, the images and narratives are in many ways a relentless part of our daily intake (Bushman & Anderson, 2001). The phenomenon of media violence and its potential impact on audiences, especially on children and adolescents, has been a subject of heated and divided debate for decades (Anderson et al., 2003).

Firstly, to discuss media violence fully, one must define what it encompasses. Media violence can include the vivid depictions of physical force with the intent to harm or kill, seen in many action and horror movies, and increasingly realistic first-person shooter games (Anderson & Bushman, 2001). However, it also encompasses the more subtle instances of psychological violence…...

Violence in Media and Violence in Youth
There are many factors responsible for youth violence. Hereditary predisposes some individuals to aggression and violence more than others; interpersonal dynamics within families, and parenting styles can contribute to negative behaviors, and of course, the developmental period of adolescence is characterized by psychological insecurity, poor decision making, emotional instability, and the yearning for peer approval, sometimes for negative behavior. However, in contemporary society, the media also play an important role in influencing the behavior of young people.

Already in the earliest era of electronic media, it was readily apparent that the transmission of messages via public airwaves held tremendous potential for influencing human behavior. Advertisers relied heavily on radio commercials in the period between the two world wars; the Nazis demonstrated the power of media propaganda during the orld ar II period; and media advertising exploded into a very powerful industry in the United States…...

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Works Cited

American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). "Media Violence" Pediatrics Vol. 108.5

(2001): 1222-1227.

Bandura, A., Ross, D., and Ross, S.A. "Transmission of Aggression through Imitation

of Aggressive Models." Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, Vol. 63,

Media Violence
laming Social Violence on the Media

Violence in the media has statistically increased in the last decade, yet incidences of societal violence have not risen along with it. This contradicts the claim by many that violence in television shows, the movies, video games, and music has greatly contributed to the depravity of those exposed to such violence, including children. While increased exposure to the media presents increased exposure to its contents, and thus subjective violence, if present, theoretical implications depicting media as the primary stimuli to the committing of criminal acts has not been objectively proven.

Prior to evaluating evidence for or against causative violence in the media, the concept of violence must first be analyzed. According to the National Television Violence Survey (NTVS), violence can be defined as the "overt depiction of a credible threat of physical force, or the actual use of such force intended to physically harm…...

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Bibliography

Felson, Richard B. (1996) "Mass Media Effects on Violent Behavior." Annual Review of Sociology, 22, 103-128.

Levine, Judith (2000). Shooting The Messenger: Why Censorship Won't Stop Violence. New York, NY: The Media Coalition, Inc.

Potter, W. James (2002). The 11 Myths of Media Violence. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage

Publications, Inc.

Phillips asserts that his study shows that prize fights provokes imitative, aggressor behavior which results in an increase in homicides.

However, Phillips does not appear to have proven a full-blown cause and effect relationship as claimed for a number of reasons. Perhaps people who watch or read about violent events are more inclined to violence than others, meaning that watching the prize fight wasn't what really caused the homicide. The research makes a huge leap of faith that the perpetrators of the homicides had actually been exposed to media coverage of the fights. This is perhaps the largest flaw of the study. and, even if the people committing homicides had been exposed to media coverage, there's absolutely no way of knowing what sequence of events the people committing the homicides were exposed to between the media coverage and the homicide and if these events were the real influencer of the homicide.…...

Media Violence on Youth
Damaging effects harm society's future adults

Young people have the opportunity to respond negatively if provided violent material

How Violent Print Media Affects Youth

"Tweens" and teens are among the most influential group to market to, and are on the search for their true identities

Magazines campaign for teenagers "to be cool"

Posters and advertisements display sexuality, thin bodies, and beautiful self-images

Famous clothing advertisers use adult sexuality to advertise to teenagers

esults are detrimental: Self-hatred, eating disorders, self-loathing

How Violent Movies Affect Youth

Educational and entertainment source turned to violence source

Easy to market violent and action movies more so than other genres

Desensitization of real life violence

Increased aggressive behavior and fear

How Violent Music Affects Youth

Often considered less problematic than other media sources; underestimated

Provides as an gateway to violence, drug abuse, early sexual activity, and alcohol abuse

4.3 Can be a way for teenagers to call for help if depressed

5.0 How Violent Video Games Affect Youth

5.1 Videogame…...

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References

Dahl, G., & DellaVigna, S.. (2009). Does Movie Violence Increase Violent Crime? The

Quarterly Journal of Economics, 124(2), 677. Retrieved February 14, 2011, from  http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1728327681&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=77774&RQT=309&VName=PQD 

Journal of Youth and Adolescence. (2010, December 17). Violent video games don't predict aggressive behavior. Retrieved February 14, 2011 from http://health.usnews.com/health-news/family-health/brain-and-behavior/articles/2010/12/17/violent-video-games-dont-predict-aggressive-behavior

Kirsch, S.J., & Olczak, P.V. (2002). The effects of extremely violent comic books on social information processing. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 17(11), 1160-1178.

The increase in media violence over the years has likely desensitized society to real-world violence, as people are exposed to graphic and intense images of violence through various forms of media on a daily basis. This exposure can lead to a numbing effect, where individuals become more accustomed to violence and are less shocked or outraged by it in the real world.

Additionally, the portrayal of violence in media can also contribute to the glamorization and normalization of violence, potentially influencing individuals to view violence as a viable solution to conflicts or problems. This can lead to a skewed perception of....

The Impact of Media Violence on Societal Perception of Real-World Violence

The proliferation of media violence in contemporary society has emerged as a significant concern, prompting extensive research and debate on its potential effects on individuals and society as a whole. One of the key areas of inquiry has been the influence of media violence on societal perception of real-world violence.

Desensitization to Violence

Overexposure to violent imagery in films, television shows, video games, and other media can lead to a form of psychological desensitization. As audiences become accustomed to witnessing graphic depictions of violence, the emotional impact of these images diminishes. This....