Vikram Pandit and Marissa Mayer Leadership Styles
The objective of this paper is to compare and contrast the leadership styles of Vikram Pandit (Citigroup) and Marissa Mayer (Yahoo) using Darling & Leffel's (2010) to construct different theoretical frameworks to discuss the reason the two leaders have been the successful leaders in the corporate world.

Theory of leadership

There are different theories of leadership to demonstrate the strategies leaders employ in achieving organizational goals, however, all the theoretical frameworks agree that leadership is a process where an individual with leadership acumen influences the subordinates to achieve a common goal. owe, & Guerrero (2014) define leadership as the process of influencing the subordinates and facilitating individuals to achieve goal objectives. However, Northouse, (2010) defines the concept leadership as a process where a leader influences a group of individuals in order to achieve a common goal. Darling, & Leffel, (2010) argue that the articulate leadership…...

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Reference

Bass, B.M. & Avolio, B.J. (Eds.). (1994). Improving Organizational Effectiveness through Transformational Leadership. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Darling, J. & Beebe, S. A. (2007). Enhancing entrepreneurial leadership: A focus on key communication priorities. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 20 (2), 151-168.

Darling, J. & Leffel, A. (2010). Developing the leadership team in an entrepreneurial venture: A case focusing on the importance of styles. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 23 (3), 355-371.

Jung, D.D., and Sosik, J.J. (2002). Transformational Leadership in Work Groups: The Role of Empowerment, Cohesiveness, and Collective-Efficacy on Perceived Group Performance. Small Group Research. 33, 313-336.

FLSA, Telecommute, And Flexible Work Schedules
FLSA

It is well past time to reform the Fair Labor Standards Act. The minimum wage has not kept up with inflation and many people who work in the service industry, for instance, must hold more than one job in order to make ends meet. A common criticism is that people who work full time should not receive such low salaries that they live in poverty (Alderman & Greenhouse, 2014). In many Scandinavian and European countries, workers in the service industry are paid at levels that enable them to live middle class lives and support their families (Alderman & Greenhouse, 2014).

Also, as with many federal laws related to employment, exemptions are created for businesses that employ a certain number of people or less. The slow economic recovery following the financial meltdown showed that job creation was the result of small business activity, and that small businesses…...

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References

Alderman, L. And Greenhouse, S. (2014, October 27). Living wages, rarity for U.S. fast-food workers, served up in Denmark. The New York Times. Retreived from  http://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/28/business/internationa.l/living-wages-served-in-denmark-fast-food-restaurants.html?_r=0 

Flynn, G. (2001, October). The Legalities of Flextime. Workforce, 62-66. Retrieved from http://faculty.washington.edu/janegf/flextime.html

Organizations
Management Theory

Case Summary: In 2013, when new Yahoo CEO Marissa Mayer overturned the flexible work at home policies, it created a maelstrom of media response. Public responses fell on both sides of the issue, while it seemed most Yahoo employees were outraged. The disruption to personal lives became a pivotal point in the discussions -- arrangements that enable parents to work-at-home, for instance, are not easily changed. But, more central was the message communicated to Yahoo employees: The CEO (and likely a slew of other managers at the organization) did not trust telecommuting employees to efficaciously conduct their professional duties outside of the direct oversight of their managers. Note that many of the telecommuting Yahoo employees worked at home only one or two days per week. Women particularly took issue with the workaholic Mayer's decision: she came on board when she was five months pregnant and took a maternity…...

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References. Please focus on analyses and recommendations, not on retelling the chapter or describing what happened in unnecessary detail.

Paper criteria:

Flex Work Literature eview
Gone are the days of single-income households being the norm. The costs and other economics of today basically mandate that many families have both parents working and this leads to the need for day care, school transportation plans and other arrangements for things like doctor visits and school events. This can present a challenge if neither parent has a workplace situation has a job that is forgiving and understanding and allows for somewhat frequent (if not very frequent) quick breaks and extended lunch periods to deal with family affairs. Combine that with the fact that many employers are actively or hostilely resistant to flexible work arrangements under the auspices that it allows for or even encourages waste and misuse of time, then the problem is exacerbated even more. However, the author of this paper would assert that employers should be as understanding as they reasonably can be…...

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References

Kolhatkar, S. (2013, February 28). The Excessive Uproar Over Marissa Mayer's Telecommuting Ban - Businessweek. Businessweek - Business News, Stock market & Financial Advice. Retrieved October 9, 2013, from  http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-02-28/the-excessive-uproar-over-marissa-mayers-telecommuting-ban 

Moen, P., Kelly, E.L., & Hill, R. (2011). Does enhancing work-time control and flexibility reduce turnover? A naturally occurring experiment. Social Problem,58(1), 69-98. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/sp.2011.58.1.69

Wong, V. (2013, July 09). At Best Buy, flex time failed to boost family time. Retrieved from  http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-07-09/at-best-buy-flex-time-failed-to-boost-family-time

leadership pitfalls observed in the Value of Valuing Employees.
Comaford described common means by which organizational managers end up communicating the exact opposite of the message to its workforce that it genuinely and consistently showing that it matters to the organization. Pursuing the matter further, she presented ways by which they can avoid these pitfalls, which give the wrong impression to employees, to the effect that their management has absolutely no regard for them. Comaford's six pitfalls include: not responding to workers' emails, not providing either negative or positive feedback, not celebrating victories, burning out workers, acknowledging employees only when they commit a mistake, and showing favoritism (The Value of Valuing Employees).

Considerable focus on employees' feelings is, for a large number of leaders, a foreign concept. However, when Comaford's strategy is adopted and significant positive results ensue, managers are highly willing to transform their leadership approach.

Examples

1. Not esponding to Worker…...

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References

Homework Market -- Your Homework Helper. (n.d.). The Value of Valuing Employees. Retrieved February 2, 2016, from  http://www.homeworkmarket.com/sites/default/files/q4/09/07/value_of_valuing 

Lutz, A. (2012). Business Insider. Marissa Mayer Tip On Preventing Employee Burn Out - Business Insider. Retrieved February 2, 2016, from  http://www.businessinsider.com/marissa-mayer-tip-on-preventing-employee-burn-out-2012-9 

Tugend, A. (2013). The New York Times - Breaking News, World News & Multimedia. How to Give Effective Feedback, Both Positive and Negative - The New York Times. Retrieved February 2, 2016, from  http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/06/your-money/how-to-give-effective-feedback-both-positive-and-negative.html 

Vaynerchuk, G. (n.d.). GaryVaynerchuk.com. When You Don't Celebrate Your Wins, You Hold Your Company Back. Retrieved February 2, 2016, from  http://www.garyvaynerchuk.com/when-you-dont-celebrate-your-wins-you-hold-your-company-back/

Yahoo vs. Amazon
This report will present a compare and contrast between Yahoo and Amazon. The core business and histories of the two businesses will be discussed. Following that, there will be a description of the key strategic differences between the two and how the respective strategies have impacted the relative success of each form. Two specific examples of these strategies will be covered. The manner in which each company's core competencies help shape their strategies will be described. One functional-level strategy will be recommended for each term. At least three references will be used to describe things along the way. While Yahoo and Amazon are in the same general online portal sphere, how precisely they address the genre and the offshoots they tend to branch into are entirely different.

Analysis

Some information technology companies have been around for a while but most of the Internet-reliant and information firms have been around for…...

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References

FoxNews. (2015, January 12). Easter ruined? Creme Egg recipe redo has chocolate lovers hopping mad. Retrieved January 13, 2015, from  http://www.foxnews.com/leisure/2015/01/12/chocolate-lovers-charge-kraft-with-ruining-easter-after-changing-creme-egg/ 

GoogleFinance. (2015, January 13). Google Finance: Stock market quotes, news, currency conversions & more. Retrieved January 13, 2015, from  http://finance.google.com/ 

Kleinman, A. (2013, April 9). Marissa Mayer Finally Addresses Work From Home Ban.

Retrieved January 13, 2015, from  http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013

Motivating Employees
When it comes to human resources and general management of employees, one of the major concerns that employers have always had is making and keeping employees motivated. However, there has been a major shift started in the workplace over the last five to ten years. As the world has become more and more wired and interconnected, the workplace has been shifting as well. Many of the jobs that have previously been done only or at least mostly in offices are now down remotely. Whether it be employees on the road or employees that work from home or other alternate locations, the paradigm of most to all employees working in a singular or small network of locations is fading away in many industries and has been replaced with virtual teams as well as outsourcing of common business tasks to exterior firms, both domestic and international. While there are many obvious…...

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References

Gallup. (2007). Beware: Your Customers Oppose Outsourcing. Gallup.com. Retrieved 20 March 2016, from  http://www.gallup.com/businessjournal/28309/beware-your-customers-oppose-outsourcing.aspx 

MindTools. (2016). Theory X and Theory Y: Understanding Team Member Motivation. Mindtools.com. Retrieved 20 March 2016, from  https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_74.htm 

Novak, J. (2014). You see? Marissa Mayer was right about WFH!. CNBC. Retrieved 20 March 2016, from  http://www.cnbc.com/2014/08/12/you-see-marissa-mayer-was-right-about-about-wfhcommentary.html 

Omnia. (2016). Why Micromanaging Your Employees Is Bad and How to Stop -- Omnia Group. Omniagroup.com. Retrieved 20 March 2016, from  http://www.omniagroup.com/micromanaging-your-employees-why-its-bad-and-how-to-stop/

Architecture Tutorial -- Lesson
Site Structure

The metaphorical allegory of the proposed website for build-to-order tablet PCs will be a functional one, based on the structural aspects of the new device and its customization and configurability to customers' preferences. Inherent in this site structure is the need to also support a catalog system of enhanced components and accessories. The foundational aspect of a successful e-commerce system is the inclusion of catalog management and content management systems (Spiteri, 239). This analysis provides a site structure for the proposed website that will sell build-to-order tablet PCs. Empirical studies have consistently shown that companies who can provide greater flexibility to customers in terms of product and feature customization over time gain greater customer loyalty and the potential for greater profitability (Fan, Tsai, 1141). The goal of the proposed website is to provide prospective and current customers with the opportunity to customize their tablet PCs…...

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Works Cited

Fan, Wei-Shang, and Ming-Chun Tsai. "Factors Driving Website Success - the Key Role of Internet Customisation and the Influence of Website Design Quality and Internet Marketing Strategy." Total Quality Management & Business Excellence 21.11 (2010): 1141.

Spiteri, Louise R. "Information Architecture of Business-to-Consumer e-Commerce Websites. Part I: The Online Catalogue of Selected Video Retailers." Journal of Information Science 27.4 (2001): 239-48.

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NETWOKS & TELECOM
Networking & Telecom

Networking and telecommunications have come a long way over the last several generations. Some people ascribe the 1990's or perhaps the 1980's to be the point in which networking came to be but the answer to that question is actually the 1970's. Indeed, APANET has evolved into what is now the modern internet and it is now hard to see the lines that exist between telecom/telephone infrastructures and the broader internet because they are very much one and the same nowadays at one level or another. This report will cover how local and global connectivity exists with data and voice networks around the world, the basic concepts related to the same and the impact that telecommunications and computer networking have on today's business and team performance paradigms. While person-to-person contact is still craved by many people, the leveraging of voice and data networks is necessary and…...

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References

Cisco,. (2015). What You Need to Know about Voice and Conferencing. Cisco. Retrieved 24 March 2015, from  http://www.cisco.com/cisco/web/solutions/small_business/resource_center/articles/be_more_productive/combining_voice_and_data/index.html 

Ellis, J., Pursell, C., & Rahman, J. (2003). Voice, video, and data network convergence. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

InetDaemon,. (2015). The History of The Internet - InetDaemon's IT Tutorials. Inetdaemon.com. Retrieved 24 March 2015, from  http://www.inetdaemon.com/tutorials/internet/history.shtml 

Microsoft,. (2015). The OSI Model's Seven Layers Defined and Functions Explained. Support.microsoft.com. Retrieved 24 March 2015, from  https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/103884

Wal-Mart Inc.
Wal-Mart is an American-based multinational discount store, currently operating more than 11,000 retail outlets in 27 different countries, and serving approximately 140 million customers weekly. Headquartered in Bentonville, Arkansas, Wal-Mart grew from a small family-managed retailer in 1945 to the world's largest retailer, and was named the world's largest company by revenues in the 2014 Fortune 500 list. The company operates its retail stores in two forms: i) Sam's clubs, which deal in assorted product lines including jewelry, electronics, hardware, to name but a few; and ii) Wal-Mart stores, dealing in similar product lines in addition to groceries, household appliances, apparel and clothing, beauty and heath products, and so on. In fiscal 2014, Wal-Mart reported a massive $473 billion in sales, more than $80 billion more than Costco, its closest competitor. It is widely believed that the company's corporate governance strategy, codes of conduct, values, mission statements and vision…...

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References

Flannery, M. (2006). Wal-Mart: Case Study. University of California, Santa Cruz. Retrieved 11 December 2014 from  http://people.ucsc.edu/~rbaden/Case%20Study%20Example.pdf 

Ireland D., Hoskisson, R. & Hitt, M. (2011). Understanding Business Strategy Concepts Plus (3rd ed.). Mason, OH: Cengage Learning.

KPMG. (n.d.). Stakeholder Communications: The Toolkit. KPMG Inc. Retrieved 11 December 2014 from  https://www.kpmg.com/SG/en/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/Documents/Advisory-RC-Stakeholder-Communications-Toolkit.pdf 

Lussier, R. & Achua, C. (2009). Leadership: Theory, Application and Skill Development (4th ed.). Mason, OH: Cengage Learning

Leadership Research
Models of leadership and management

Comparison and contrast of leadership models

Application of leadership model: Case of Mark Zuckerberg

Table 1- Leadership Table

Leadership Research

Leadership in public and private sector businesses is important for the growth of these businesses. Of late, many researchers have thoroughly investigated the role leadership in promoting businesses. Researchers have also tried to explore the common characteristics of global business leaders that have led their businesses to successful heights. Different models of effective leadership in corporations have also been drafted. One major aspect of leaders being explored in their ability to inspire people surrounding them and use this inspiration to achieve results that could be achieved without having complete trust of followers. While followers might be hard to make for a leader, and yet harder to retain, few researchers have put forth consolidated models of inspirational leaders that effectively make and retain followers. Two such models that will be…...

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Bibliography

Brio, M.M. (2013). Think like Zuck: How Leadership diversity Sparks Innovation. Forbes Magazine. Retrieved from: [ http://www.forbes.com/sites/meghanbiro/2013/01/27/think-like-zuck-how-leadership-diversity-sparks-innovation/ ]

Forbes. (2013). The World's Billionaires: Mark Zuckerberg. Forbes Magazine. Retrieved from: [ http://www.forbes.com/profile/mark-zuckerberg/ ]

Drucker, P.F. (2004). What makes an effective executive? Harvard Business Review, 58-63.

Goffee, R., & Jones, G. (2001). Why Should Anyone Be Led by You? IEEE Engineering Management Review, 29(1), 94-100.