Congress is the most important representative institution in a government. Each member's primary responsibility is to his or her constituency, and not to the congressional leadership, a party, or even Congress itself.
Purpose and Power of Congress

The purpose of the congress is agreed by most, is to legislate for the public interest, the public interest however is not agreed on. The Congress was established by the founders of this country, to be the first and most powerful branch of government. One of the first powers given to the congress was to lay and collect taxes. The agreement was to give such a power to the more common branch of government. The second power was to certify national elections. Third, determine who will replace President or Vice President if both are incapacitated. The last is the power to enforce other amendments through legislation.

Constraints on the Congress

The court noted that in order to…...

He must bring certain traits, talents, and personality to the table to make certain that priorities are in order, the proper battles are fought and won, and that the country senses his urgency in effecting change in their interest.
An effective domestic policy president must be expert in two areas: working with Congress to effect real change, and using his pulpit to gain the support of the American people for his programs. If he can accomplish those two difficult tasks, he can have a successful domestic presidency. Effective presidents have a vision for the country and the ability and character to adhere to that vision and bring the country along with him. In other words, he must be a combination of John Kennedy, LJ, FDR, Teddy Roosevelt, and Ronald Reagan.

And there is one huge factor that can stop the most effective chief executive in his tracks -- an opposition Congress.…...

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Bibliography

Grant, A. (2004). The American political process. New York: Routledge.

Mount, S. (2001, November 30). Constitutional topic: Separation of powers. Retrieved November 9, 2009, from Usconstitution.net:  http://www.usconstitution.net/consttop_cnb.html 

Rudalevige, A. (2009). The President at work: Domestic policy. Retrieved November 9, 2009, from millercenter.org:  http://millercenter.org/academic/americanpresident/policy/domestic 

Sullivan, K. (2006, November 5). Separation of powers. Retrieved November 9, 2009, from philosophytalk.org:  http://www.philosophytalk.org/pastShows/SeparationPowers.html

Congress ole in War Making
War has become a part of the human world. When we understand the events from the past to the present, for the purpose of dealing with conflicts, human beings have been pampered with weapons. Even though war has become an element of human custom, it has always been seen that efforts have always been made to control the outcome of war and the techniques employed in carrying forward the war. These efforts made to control the outcome of war has resulted in deciding the factors in the western civilization as to what should be the methods to be adopted to conduct the war and the proper time for carrying forward the war. In the case of America, the decision of which wing of government should make war has been a matter of dispute. There are several experts who are of the opinion that the president of…...

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References

Broyles, David. "Fundamentals of Intelligence: Prudential Reason and the Founders Executive." Teaching Political Science 16 (Spring 1989): 99-105.

Farrar-Myers, Victoria A. "Transference of Authority: The Institutional Struggle Over the Control of the War Power," Congress & the Presidency, Vol. 25, No. 2, Autumn 1998, p. 190-198

Franck, Thomas M. "Rethinking War Powers: By Law or by 'Thaumaturgic Invocation'?" The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 83, Issue 4, October 1989, pp. 768-775

Hargrove, Erwin C. And Hoopes, Roy. "The Presidency: A Question of Power." Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1975, pp.31-69

Congress
Northwest Nazarene

A Universal Answer

Identify means of applying social justice for vulnerable populations that eliminate health disparities. (paper)

Audience: Policy makers in government or an organization

Describe your audience.

Describe the method of communication.

Describe the goals of the communication of what you want to accomplish.

Present the communication in a format that fits the audience- email, letter, letter to the editor of the newspaper or a response to a blog posting, etc.

Evaluate how you would know if the communication was effective.

Include documentation to support the action that you are requesting.

APA format and spelling, grammar, writing scholarly.

Audience

This letter addresses an important problem in today's society: applying social justice for vulnerable populations to eliminate health disparities. Policy in this field is debated and concluded at a Congress/legislative level, so this paper will take the form of a letter addressed to a Congressman. It is thus a generic letter that could be sent to all members of…...

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References

Fukuda, S.P. (2001). The human development paradigm: Operationalizing Sen's ideas on capabilities. Feminist economics, 9(2 -- 3), 301-317. Abstract retrieved from  http://www.ibero.edu.mx/humanismocristiano/seminario_capability/pdf/11.pdf 

Harkness, G.A., & Demarco, R.F. (2012). Community and public health nursing evidence for practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Rugar, J.P. (2010). WHO | Health and social justice - World Health Organization. (n.d.). Retrieved from  http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/89/1/10-082388/en/_br 

Swartz, Katherine, (2009). Health care for the poor: For whom, what care, and whose responsibility? Retrieved from  http://www.irp.wisc.edu/publications/focus/pdfs/foc262l.pdf

The international human relations together with global policy-making processes have led to intensification of wars in various part of the world.
The justification of war is something that has taken root in the industrialized globe. Massive undertakings exist in the strategies and plans of many nations like the U.S.A., Afghanistan, ussia, and even in Germany. Moreover, justification of war has led to increase in simple crimes among individual nations. Global trends as applied in marketing have shifted to terrorism. Some cold war occurring without the interrupt of the global needs to have a globalized and universal world (Nassar, 2005). Evidently, the existence of the social media has also sought to advance many terrorist operations because of the enhance coordination. Such incidences of globalization have seen the growth of many terror groups because of the enhanced communication and ability to disguise the footsteps that might expose their operations. The aspect of…...

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References

Han, J., Kamber, M., & Pei, J. (2012). Data mining: Concepts and techniques. Amsterdam:

Elsevier/Morgan Kaufmann.

Hughbank, R.J., Niosi, a.F., & Dumas, J.C. (2011). The dynamics of terror: And creation of homegrown terrorists. Mustang, Oka: Tate Pub. & Enterprises.

Karawa-n, I., McCormack, W., & Reynolds, S.E. (2008). Values and violence: Intangible aspects of terrorism. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Springer.

The American political system has been held up as an ideal for division of political labor. This is not the only system based on a constitution, of course, and an analysis of many different societies through history shows me that a system with a constitution is a system in which the people can point to a clear legal basis for their political structure. A constitution is a social covenant in written form, not merely a tacit agreement but an actual document by which subsequent actions can be judged. The American political system has survived and evolved precisely because there is a written document accepted and applied by the people. We may change how we view specific provisions, but we do not have to guess at what those provisions are. The people and the sovereign are both subject to the same regulating document as a framework for institutions and actions…...

subliminal advertising. Congress should create legislation to outlaw subliminal advertising, as it is subversive and distasteful.
Subliminal advertising is advertising that is buried in other forms of media, which the viewer only sees unconsciously. Many people have said it has existed for decades, while others have argued it does not exist at all. Subliminal advertising is a threat because it happens so quickly viewers are not aware of it, but the image or thought is implanted on their brain without their knowing, and they will often act on it.

Congress should outlaw this form of advertising because it takes advantage of a person subconsciously, and that should not be a method for advertising products. Americans are bombarded with advertising every day on television, radio, the Internet, in newspapers and magazines, and even billboards as they drive their car. Advertising is prevalent enough in our society without it being implanted on the…...

" (19:481) in order to wield the power of the opaque concept of 'national security' in foreign policy, the executers must use a careful construct of realities and perceptions that hang between an actual danger and a perceived threat. (9:144)
Taking into account the internal roots of an external problem, to have heft in the weight of international opinion, alliances are key to public diplomacy. The first Golf War reflected a profound gap between the national mood, Congress, and President that revealed itself most directly in the "stress test" with the United States' alliances, according to Michael renner. (19:665) While the end of the Cold War brought rise to a transformation in mutual security structures worldwide, their reform and renovation incited an introverted tactic of externally exerted power for the United States. As the West continued its reliance on the United States' directive leadership, the Gulf crisis revealed an tenuous and…...

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Bibliography

Blease, W. Lyon. A Short History of English Liberalism. New York: Putnam, 1913.

Bock and Berkowitz, PG and Morton. "The Emerging Field of National Security." World Politics. Vol. 19. (Oct., 1966.)

Brenner, Michael. "The Alliance: A Gulf Post-Mortem." International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1994-). Vol. 67, No. 4. (Oct., 1991) p. 665.

Bush, George W. News Address with French President Jacques Chirac. November 5, 2001.

2nd Continental Congress attempted to bring us through the evolutionary War, but the members soon realized that we needed a form of central government on a permanent basis. The arguements began between Alexander Hamilton, the Federalist, and Thomas Jefferson, the anti-Federalist, over how much power the central government should actually be given. This assignment will address these issues and has several parts. Make sure you answer all parts of the question and write an essay at least 4 pages in length. 1. Discuss the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and the reasons it failed. 2. Describe the makeup of the Constitutional Convention and the priorities of the delegates. 3. Compare Hamilton and Jefferson in their political and economic philosophies and their concept of Federalism. Do you feel Hamilton had too much influence under the administrations of Washington and Adams? I want you to give an assessment as to…...

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References:

Kelly, M. Why did the Articles of Confederation fail? About.   accessed on October 4, 2012http://americanhistory.about.com/od/governmentandpolitics/f/articles_of_confederation_fails.htm 

(2012). The world factbook -- United States. Central Intelligence Agency.   accessed on October 4, 2012https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html 

Hamilton vs. Jefferson. Country Studies.   accessed on October 4, 2012http://countrystudies.us/united-states/history-41.htm 

United States Congress
Over the past 200 years or so, the relationship between the House of Representatives and the Senate has changed quite a bit, but not always for the better. The relationship between Congress as a whole and the Presidency has also changed during this time period, but the same is also true of it.

There are several reasons why this has happened, and they will be addressed in this paper. Also addressed here will be the extent to which these relationships have changed over the course of time. Both of these issues are very important, not just in understanding the history of our great country, but in making some kind of prediction for where it might be going in the not so far-distant future.

Some believe that the whole country is having problems and is on the verge of collapse. Major corporations have been found guilty of terrible crimes, the…...

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Works Cited

Harris, Fred R. In Defense of Congress. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1995.

Josephy, Alvin. The American Heritage History of the Congress of the United States. New York: American Heritage Publishing Co, 1990.

Josephy, Alvin. On the Hill: A History of the American Congress. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1979.

Mayhew, David R. America's Congress: Actions in the public sphere, James Madison through Newt Gingrich. New Haven: Yale, 2000.

The Congress: Members, Organization and FunctionsHow are individual members elected and re-elected? What do they actually do once they arrive in Washington, DC?To be elected or reelected to the House of Representatives in the United States, candidates must satisfy certain qualifications outlined in Article I, Section 2 of the Constitution, include being at least 25 years old by the time they take the oath of office, having U.S. citizenship for at least 7 years, and being a resident of the state from which they seek election. Getting on the ballot for the House of Representatives typically involves primary elections in most states, where major party candidates are automatically included. Minor party candidates follow their partys rules, while independent candidates self-nominate and must satisfy various state requirements to be included on the general election ballot (Election of Representatives, 2023). Newly elected members of Congress are required to take care of pragmatic…...

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References

Election of Representatives. (2023). Guide to the U.S. Constitution. Retrieved from   vbnMiXQ==.https://bensguide.gpo.gov/election-of-representatives?highlight=WyJlbGVjdGl 

House Leadership. (2023). Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives. Retrieved from  https://kids-clerk.house.gov/grade-school/lesson.html?intID=39 .

Member Committees. (2023). Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives. Retrieved from   Committees%20are%20groups%20of%20Members,the%20first%20Congress%20in%201789.https://kids-clerk.house.gov/middle-school/lesson.html?intID=34#:~:text= 

U.S. Term Limits v. ThorntonSome might say that the opinion of the majority, as expressed in the opinion of Justice John Paul Stevens, properly interprets the Constitution. The majority opinion concluded that states are not permitted to impose term limits on members of Congress, and that the Constitution gives the sole power to regulate the qualifications for serving in Congress to Congress itself. This interpretation, the Court argued, was consistent with the founders' original intent of having a representative democracy where citizens can elect their representatives in Congress without undue interference from the states. The majority opinion thus, one might argue, upholds the principles of the Constitution, which seeks to protect the right to vote, freedom of expression, and the right of people to select their representatives, free from any outside influence. It could also be argued that this interpretation upholds the Biblical principle that all people are equal under…...

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References

Muller, Derek T. \\\\\\"Weaponizing the Ballot.\\\\\\" Fla. St. UL Rev. 48 (2020): 61.

Ryan, Matthew M. \\\\\\"Releasing the 1040, Not so EZ Constitutional Ambiguities Raised by State Laws Mandating Tax Return Release for Presidential Candidates.\\\\\\" Hastings Const. LQ 47 (2019): 19.

U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton, 514 U.S. 779 (1995)

DemographicUS CitizensHouse of RepresentativesSenateAverage age385864% of minorities40%27%10%% of women51%27%26%Demographics of Congress and the US PopulationThe demographic information for US citizens is an approximation based on data from the US Census Bureau as of 2020. The demographic information for the House of Representatives and the Senate is based on the current membership of the 117th Congress as of April 2023.There are significant demographic differences between the American people and the members of the 117th Congress. The American people are, on average, younger than the members of Congress. The percentage of minorities in the general population is higher than the percentage of minorities in Congress, while the percentage of women is higher in the general population and yet only half that percentage is represented in Congress.For instance, the average age of an American citizen is 38 years old, while the average age of a member of Congress in the House is 58…...

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References

Martínez Orbegozo, E. F., de Jong, J., Bowles, H. R., Edmondson, A., Nahhal, A., & Cox, L.

(2022). Entry Points: Gaining Momentum in Early-Stage Cross-Boundary Collaborations. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 58(4), 595-645.

Noury, A., & Roland, G. (2020). Identity politics and populism in Europe. Annual Review of

Political Government Congressional Ethics
Due to the level of trust the general public has on them, members of Congress ought to ensure that they conduct themselves in a manner that does not betray this level of trust. In the past, many members of Congress have been charged with various ethics violations. Those whose ethical inclination has been put to question include, but they are not limited to, Rep. Patrick Meehan, Rep. Ruben Kihuen, Rep. Trent Franks, and Rep. Anthony Weiner. On this front, I will concern myself with Rep. Duncan Hunter, where it was alleged that he did convert “tens of thousands of dollars of campaign funds from his congressional campaign committee to personal use to pay for family travel, flights, utilities, health care, school uniforms and tuition, jewelry, groceries, and other goods, services, and expenses” (Office of Congressional Ethics, 2018). On 31st Aug 2016, a recommendation was made by the House…...

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References

Brazan, E.B. & Henning, A.C. (2010). Impeachment: An Overview of Constitutional Provisions, Procedure, and Practice. Washington, DC: DIANE Publishing.

Committee on Ethics (2018). Code of Official Conduct. Retrieved from

McKeever, R.J. & Davies, P. (2014). Politics USA. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis

Office of Congressional Ethics (2018). OCE Report Regarding Rep. Duncan D. Hunter. Retrieved from https://oce.house.gov/reports/investigations/oce-report-regarding-rep-duncan-d-hunter

https://ethics.house.gov/publication/code-official-conduct

Defining the Problem The Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 is the Intelligence Community funding authorization tool for the Fiscal Year 2017. The bill is regarded an important congressional oversight element and, in essence, “sets policy and authorizes resources for intelligence, counterterrorism, war fighting, and cyber security activities” (U.S. House of Representatives Permanent Selection Committee on Intelligence – HPSCI, 2018).
May
Biblical guidelines: There are quite a number of references to intelligence gathering in the Bible. As a matter of fact, there are numerous biblical instances of intelligence gathering for not only political, but also tactical reasons. For instance, Joshua (in the Old Testament) sent spies on a covert operation to gather the relevant information in readiness for the City of Jericho’s attack. In Joshua 2:1, it is stated thus: “then Joshua son of Nun secretly sent two spies from Shittim. ‘Go, look over the land,’ he said, ‘especially Jericho.’ So they…...

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References

Congressional Budget Office - CBO. (2016). Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate. Washington, DC: CBO.

Every CRS Repot. (2016). Intelligence Community Spending: Trends and Issues. Retrieved from

Sapolsky, H.M., Gholz, E. & Talmadge, C. (2017). U.S. Defense Politics: The Origins of Security Policy. New York, NY: Taylor and Francis.

The Holy Bible, the New King James Version. (1984). Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House.

U.S. House of Representatives Permanent Selection Committee on Intelligence – HPSCI, 2018 U.S. Const. Preamble.

https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/R44381.html#_Toc466559962

In turn-of-the-century America, there were some major civil rights advances for some groups, while other groups saw no advances in their civil rights and even saw advances that had been made begin to erode.  The time period was well after the end of the Reconstruction era and the beginning of Jim Crow laws, the rise of the suffragette movement, and a continued assault on rights for Native Americans.  There was also a significant increase in anti-Asian discrimination. Here are some suggested titles and thesis statements for an essay about civil rights in this era.

Essay Title....