3.2 Consequences and effects of the Aboriginal Protection Act 1869. The Aboriginal Protection Act of 1869 (hereinafter "the Act") made Victoria the first Australian colony to promulgate a framework in which to officially regulate the lives of Aboriginal people. According to the National Archives of Australia (2008), "This Act gave powers to the Board for the Protection of Aborigines which subsequently developed into an extraordinary level of control of people's lives including regulation of residence, employment, marriage, social life and other aspects of daily life" (Aboriginal Protection Act, p. 2).

The Act was passed during a period in Australia's history when the country was seeking to implement more enlightened laws for almost everyone else concerning the right to a popular and universal vote and the need for a free public education for all citizens - except Aboriginal people. In this regard, the Archives notes that, "For Aboriginal people, however, there was…...

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References

Aboriginal Protection Act. (2008). National Archives of Australia. [Online]. Available:  http://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/item.asp?sdID=22 .

Attwood, B. & Markus, a. (1999). The struggle for Aboriginal rights: A documentary history. St. Leonards, NSW: Allen & Unwin.

Australia. (2008). U.S. government: CIA world factbook. [Online]. Available:  https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/as.html .

Brooks, R.L. (2004). Atonement and forgiveness: A new model for black reparations. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Stolen Generations' is used to define the numerous Aborigines, and the few Torres Strait Islanders, who were forced from their homes when they were children, by church missions and Australian territorial, state, and federal government agencies during the latter 1800s up to the seventies (NSDC, 2015). 'Generations' highlight for how long (i.e., more than a century) this practice of separating the children of Aborigines from their homes took place, as well as recognize that it led to inter-generational damage. The word 'Stolen' is evidently loaded, and though there might have been some children who were surrendered by their families, rather than being literally 'stolen', the world must understand that the wretched circumstances these people generally faced were chiefly because of their Aboriginality, which in those times, meant they held second-class status (Stolen Generations Victoria, 2009). The removals took place under parliamentary acts, and the removed children were either adopted…...

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References

Aborigines Protection Board, Report (1921). In Votes and Proceedings of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, p 3.

Aborigines Protection Report. (1915). In Joint Parliamentary Papers of the Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council of New South Wales, p 16.

Australians Together. (2015). The stolen generations. Retrieved from  http://www.australianstogether.org.au/stories/detail/the-stolen-generations 

Curriculum Corporation. (1996). National principles and guidelines for Aboriginal Studies and Torres Strait Islander Studies K-12. Cariton, Vic: Curriculum Corporation.

A driver came to the house and picked Robert up five days a week at 7:30 and brought him home at around 4:00 P.M. The couple received a grant from United ay to fund the service they received from the Respite Center, which cost around $200 per week. The Respite Center had well-thought-out activities designed for seniors with dementia and Alzheimer's, and those activities "helped slow down his Alzheimer's" (Claunch). Those activities include arts and crafts, chair aerobics, games, socializing, breakfast, lunch and a snack, Claunch explains. On many days a special visitor or group comes to entertain the seniors; among those groups are the Gulf Coast omen's Club, the Garden Club, PAS Ministry, gospel groups, line dancers, pianists and sing-along singers.

hen an Alzheimer's patient is stimulated (by being entertained, walking, or engaging in a game of some kind that challenges the mind but does in minimally) the nerve cells…...

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Works Cited

Assist Guide Information Services. (2009). Caregiving. Retrieved November 10, 2009,

From  http://www.agis.com .

Claunch, Shannon. (2009). Council on Aging: Respite Center Cares for Community.

News Herald. Retrieved November 11, 2009, from  http://www.newsherald.com

" [Parliament of Australia]
The Future

Australia's aboriginal population is currently estimated around 4,60,000 roughly constituting 2.3% of the national population. [Australian Government] However, the sad fact is that aborigines have higher rates of alcohol and drug abuse and unemployment. Prime minister Rudd declared a state of emergency in the northern territory following high reports of alcoholism and child sexual abuse among the aboriginal communities. Efforts were also taken to restrict the use of welfare money only in stipulated shops so as to ensure that money is not spent on alcohol. Such intervention measures have created controversies but the government persists with these emergency measures citing the acute needs of the aboriginal communities. Prime minister Rudd envisions a future "where this Parliament resolves that the injustices of the past must never, never happen again. A future where we harness the determination of all Australians, Indigenous and non-Indigenous, to close the gap that…...

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Bibliography

1) Dr. Michael Halloran, 'Cultural Maintenance and Trauma in Indigenous Australia: Paper presented at the 23rd Annual Australia and New Zealand Law and History Society Conference, Perth, Western Australia (2-4th July, 2004), retrieved Aug 24th 2010, from,  http://www.latrobe.edu.au/psy/aw/Halloran-Murdoch_law_journal.pdf 

2) Reconcili Action Network, (Jul 2007) 'Stolen generations', retrieved Aug 24th 2010, from, http://reconciliaction.org.au/nsw/education-kit/stolen-generations/

3) UNPO, (2008), 'Aboriginals of Australia', retrieved Aug 24th 2010, from,  http://www.unpo.org/members/7855 

4) HREOC, (Apr 1997) 'Bringing Them Home: Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission Report', retrieved Aug 24th 2010, from, ' http://www.hreoc.gov.au/social_justice/bth_report/report/ch2_part2.html

While children should be the main targets of this approach, education can also reach other members of Australian society. Through their children, parents will be exposed to these new ideas. Seminars, plays, and other cultural events can also help open the minds of adults. In this circumstance, the unfashionable nature of racism in Australia will be beneficial; to keep up appearances, many will support and attend these events.
Thus, racism in Australia is a severe problem, impacting both individuals and the society. Most likely caused by Australia's racist past, the racist element in Australia is muted, but still quite pervasive, perhaps one of the more dangerous kinds of racism. Because of this, the best kind of response is in kind -- an educational approach. Although the situation in Australia is still tumultuous, an understanding of the kind of racism prevalent in Australia and the history of that racism is the…...

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References

Australians for Native Title and Reconciliation. (n.d.). Racism in Australia Facts.

Retrieved June 20, 2009, from the Australians for Native Title and Reconciliation web site. Web Site:  http://www.antar.org.au/node/221 

Haigh, B. (2009, Jun. 3). Racism in Australia. Retrieved June 20, 2009, from ABC Net.

Web Site:  http://www.abc.net.au/unleashed/stories/s2588104.htm

" (Dafler, 2005) Dafler relates that for more than thirty years children who were 'half-caste' "were forcibly removed from their families, often grabbed straight from their mother's arms, and transported directly to government and church missions." (Dafler, 2005) This process was termed to be one of assimilation' or 'absorption' towards the end of breeding out of Aboriginal blood in the population. At the time all of this was occurring Dafler relates that: "Many white Australians were convinced that any such hardship was better than the alternative of growing up as a member of an 'inferior' race and culture." (2005) it is plainly stated in a government document thus:
The destiny of the natives of Aboriginal origin, but not of the full blood, lies in their ultimate absorption by the people of the Commonwealth, and [the commission] therefore recommends that all efforts be directed towards this end." (eresford and Omaji, Our State…...

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Bibliography

Dafler, Jeffrey (2005) Social Darwinism and the Language of Racial Oppression: Australia's Stolen Generations ETC.: A Review of General Semantics, Vol. 62, 2005.

Erich Fromm Foreword to a.S. Neill SummerHill (New York, 1960).

Hawkins, Social Darwinism; Shibutani, Tamotsu and Kwan, Kian M. Ethnic Stratification: A Comparative Approach. New York: The Macmillan Company (1965).

Jacques Ellul, the Technological Society (New York, 1967), 436.

This drives a value system that makes our work preventative by one intent. ith a clear understanding that some intervention will require a removal of the child from his or her parents' care, the value of family togetherness will direct the strategy of community involvement on the part of the agency.
Specialised knowledge:

The practice framework is guided by specialized knowledge on the patterns and trends dominating the landscape of abuse cases. The breakdown of major abuse categories reported by Bromfield & Horsfall finds that 39% of abuse cases are of the emotional abuse category, 29% in the category of neglect, 22% in the category of physical abuse and 10% in the category of sexual abuse. (p. 3)

Moreover, a major thrust of the report by Bromfield & Horsfall is that reports of all types of cases are on the rise, but also attributes this to certain realities including the heightened visibility…...

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Works Cited:

BBC News. (20009). Australia 'Sorry' for Child Abuse. Bbc.co.uk.

Bromfield, L. & Horsfall, B. (2010). Child Abuse and Neglect Statistics. National Child Protection Clearinghouse.

Department for Child Protection (DCP). (2010). Homepage. Government of Western Australia. Online at http://www.community.wa.gov.au/DCP/

Early Childhood Australia (ECA). (2006). Statistics Show Child Abuse in Australia is Getting Worse. Early Childhoodaustralia.org.

Many claim Islam increases their sense of worth. Islam particularly appeals to disaffected young men. Solomon, 23-years-old, participated in a television interview. "It's not a part of our religion to stand there and get stepped on," Solomon said. "That's why Islam is so good for the Aboriginal people." (Australian Aborigines...)
Europeans prefer the name "Koori" for Aborigine, even though they named the native Australians "Aborigine." Aborigine, however, means "from the beginning." Aborigines "taught their children dances, songs, and stories for both sacred and non-sacred rituals that taught them traditions and history of the past, present and future." (Australian Aborigines...) Along with plants, animals, other natural objects, man categorized himself with his totem. Aborigines focused on and blamed the supernatural for every scenario. Some individuals believed a victim of a spell would usually sicken and die, because they believed it would happen. At one time in the Aborigines' religion, the "medicine…...

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References

AIPR Fact sheet: Psychic and Mystical Experiences of the Aborigines. (2002). 07 December 2006. http://www.aiprinc.org/aborig.asp.

Australian Aborigines Dreamers. (2002). 7 December 2006. http://www.religionportal.com/ReligionFinder/religions/australiaaborigines.htm.

Australian Aboriginal Religion." (2006). 7 December 2006. http://philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/encyclopedia/westoc/abor.html.

OZ CITY AUSTRALIA - Australian Aborigines. (2001). 07 December 2006.  http://ozcity.faithweb.com/aborigines.html .

Pearl Gibbs
Pearl Mary (Gambanyi) Gibbs (1901-1983) was one of the major political activists supporting Aboriginal rights in Australia from the 1920s all the way to the 1970s. The highlights of her work include organizing the key -- pickers strike in 1933, being involved in organizing the Day of Mourning in 1938, speaking for the Committee for Aboriginal Citizen ights, calling for Aboriginal representation on the New South Wales board, being the organizing secretary for the new Melbourne-based Council for Aboriginal ights, establishing the Australian Aboriginal Fellowship in 1956, being the first and only female member of the NSW Aboriginal Welfare Board in 1954, and establishing the Australian Aboriginal Fellowship in 1956 (Gilbert, 1983; Goodall, 1983; Goodall, 1988; Horner, 1983). This list of accomplishments is just a scratch on the surface of the life of this amazing political activist and leader. Her activism for the rights of Indigenous peoples was only…...

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References

Attwood, B. (2003). Rights for Aborigines. Sydney: Allen and Unwin.

Attwood, B. & Magowan, F. (2001).Telling stories: Indigenous history and memory in Australia and New Zealand. Sydney: Allen and Unwin.

Celermajer, D. (April 22, 2005). The stolen generation: Aboriginal children In Australia human rights dialogue: "Cultural rights." In Carnegie Council for Ethics and International Affairs. Retrieved November 3, 2012, from http://www.carnegiecouncil.org/publications/archive/dialogue/2_12/section_1/514

Commonwealth of Australia (2012). Recognising Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in the Constitution: Report of the Expert Panel. Retrieved November 3, 2012 from http://www.youmeunity.org.au/uploads/assets/html-report/index.html.

Australia Have a Bill of ights?
Australia is the last remaining Common Law country without a Bill or ights or Human ights Bill. It is important to note that the Australian variant of liberalism differs from the Anglo-American model in two important ways. First, the establishment of Australia as a series of British colonies under authoritarian governors and the absence of any political revolution has meant a lesser stress on the idea of individual rights vs. The state. There has been no one in Australian history to shout 'Give me liberty or give me death', no real pressure to incorporate a Bill of ights into our Constitution (owse, 1978).

Second, these factors combined with the problems of economic development in Australia and the generally inhospitable nature of the land, a staple theme of Australian literature, has meant an absence of any real laissez-faire tradition. 'Socialism' may be abhorred in the vacuum,…...

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References

Conway, Ronald (1978). Land of the Long Weekend, Melbourne, p. 55.

Conway, Ronald (1971). The Great Australian Stupor, Melbourne, Chapter 5.

Rowse, Tim (1978). Australian Liberalism and National Character, Melbourne, p. 239.

Patapan, Haig (1997). Competing Visions of Liberalism: Theoretical Underpinnings of the Bill of Rights Debate in Australia; 21 Melb U.L. Rev. 497.

Life-Trajectory of Kevin
Development Theory: The Life-Trajectory of Kevin

Kevin was born on a sheep farm in 1942, halfway between Canberra and Melbourne. As a young man he left farming to work in construction in Melbourne, where he met and married his wife. They raised three children together, but the marriage faltered once the children left to start their own lives. They separated amicably, continued to stay engaged with their families, and Kevin successfully transitioned to retirement despite a diagnosis of diabetes in his mid 50s.

Timeline

Birth. WWII (BBC, 2014)

Age 8. Korean Conflict. The market price of wool reaches an all-time high (ABS, 2007).

Age 15. Leaves school to work on sheep farm full-time

1962 -- Age 20. Leaves farming for construction work in Melbourne

1965 -- Age 23. Vietnam Conflict (BBC, 2014). egisters for National Service and serves 2 years, but never sees combat

1970 -- Age 28. Marries

1972 -- Age 30. 1st child born

1974…...

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References

ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics). (2007). The wool industry -- looking back and forward. Retrieved from  http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/Previousproducts/1301.0Feature%20Article172003?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=1301.0&issue=2003&num=&view= .

Atchley, R.C. (1989). A continuity theory of normal aging. Gerontologist, 29(2), 183-90.

BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation). (2015). Australia profile -- Timeline. Retrieved from  http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-15675556 .

Heybroek, L., Haynes, M., & Baxter, J. (2015). Life satisfaction and retirement in Australia: A longitudinal approach. Work, Aging and Retirement. First published online 1 April 2015. Retrieved from  http://workar.oxfordjournals.org/content/1/2/166 .

However, with large nuclear weapons the majority of the harm is caused by the explosion itself and the harm caused by the radioactivity is peripheral, although obviously still potentially horrific.)
The damage caused by a dirty bomb would be twofold: There would be damage caused by the conventional parts of the bomb (in this case, the det cord) and damage caused by the radioactive elements. A dirty bomb's effects would be greater in terms of the conventional aspects of the weapon, and we are not given enough information in this scenario to determine the amount of energy that will result in an explosion of the detonation cord. There is no single standard for detonating cord, although given that we know that it has come from a mining company we can assume that it is some of the stronger -- or more explosive -- type. We also do not know how…...

Cyberstalking
Cyber-Crime in a New Age of Law Enforcement

ith the new introduction of the online sphere, law enforcement today faces unique challenges those previous generations could never even imagined. The internet allows the ability to create an online presence that has virtually no relevance to the real world character of the user. People can now create an online presence with the ability to construct a range of pseudonymity that was never before possible (Gyorgy, 2002). Therefore the person that you think you are communicating with may be a different person altogether.

Furthermore, people can set up a range of different personalities and have multiple identities online that they can use for a range of malicious activities. For example, it is possible for an elderly man who has perverted tendencies to portray himself as a young school girl on online chat forums. In these arenas there is seldom any verification process to unsure…...

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Works Cited

Gyorgy, P. (2002). The Tale of Cookies (Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde). Social Research, 239-245.

Jayakumar, A. (2014, March 13). Target looking into response to cybersecurity breach; retail sales rose in Feb. Retrieved from The Washington Post:  http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/target-looking-into-response-to-cybersecurity-breach-retail-sales-rose-in-feb/2014/03/13/91d16ece-aae8-11e3-af5f-4c56b834c4bf_story.html 

TEDGlobal. (2010, July). Julian Assange: Why the world needs WikiLeaks. Retrieved from TED:  http://www.ted.com/talks/julian_assange_why_the_world_needs_wikileaks.html 

TEDGlobal. (2012, July). Michael Anti: Behind the Great Firewall of China. Retrieved from TED:  http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/en/michael_anti_behind_the_great_firewall_of_china.html

ut in the 30s, most waves of Korean migrants came in because of the policy of forced conscription. Japan's economy rapidly improved at the time and there was a huge demand for labor. This and industrialization led to the creation of a Japanese national mobilization plan. This plan, in turn, led to the conscription of roughly 600,000 Koreans. Japan's military forces continued to expand and the government had to regular the increase in the Korean population. They were required to carry an identification card. In 1942, the government promised them equal citizenship if they extended their work contracts. They became eligible to vote, run for public office and serve in election committees. Conscription was implemented in the same year. Despite official political equality, Korean inferiority remained prevalent. Yet they were expected to observe and practice Japanese culture as a condition to political equality (Minorities at Risk).
With the defeat of…...

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Bibliography

Alvin, Koh Zhongwei. Koreans in Japan. National University of Singapore: NUS

History Society E-Journal, 2003.

Kichan Song. The Appearance of "Young Koreans in Japan" and the Emergence of a New Type of Ethnic Education. Vol 9 237-253. Kyodo University: Kyodo Journal of Sociology, 2001

Kyodo. Jong Raps Japan for Historical Crime Against Koreans. Asian Political News.

The experience in America was not what anyone had hoped it would be, but it became home for Esperanza, and somehow seems to make her work and her troubles worth it, at least a little bit.
Each of the characters experiences immigration in a different way, and some of those experiences are based on the age and generations of the characters. Early in the book, the author notes Don Chan is "afraid of change" (Cruz 1), and because of this, his experience is far different from his family's younger members. Of all the characters, Don Chan is the oldest, and his reaction to New York fits his age and generation. He is never truly happy in New York, and he always longs for home. As he grows older and his memory gets cloudy, he lives in the past with his family members who are gone, and the only time he…...

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References

Cruz, Angie. Let it Rain Coffee. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005.