Social Performance
The Target Corporation: Description, Stakeholders, and their oles

The Target Corporation has grown, from a small branch of Dayton Hudson Corporation, to the second largest retailer store in the United States, dealing in soft lines, hard lines, and (mostly) non-perishable groceries. The company has realized numerous achievements, and currently holds the 36th position on the Fortune 500. From a single Minnesota store in 1962, Target corporation has witnessed massive expansion across all states, to a record 1,870 units (82 of these in Canada), and over $70 billion in sales. The company, currently, has Gregg Steinhafel as CEO, and John J. Mulligan as chief financial officer.

Like any other corporation, Target has a wide range of stakeholders: primary, secondary, as well as other key stakeholders. People (groups) that are directly affected by the organization's activities, either positively or negatively, are referred to as primary stakeholders. Secondary stakeholders, on the other hand, are…...

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References

International Finance Corporation. (2000). Investing in People: Sustaining Communities through Improved Business Practice. Washington: World Bank Publications

Letavec, C.J., Rollins, S.C. & Altwies, D.C. (2008). Program Management Professional (PgMP): A Certification Study Guide with Best Practices for Maximizing Business Results. Lauderdale: J. Ross Publishing

OECD. (2012). Sustainable Materials Management: Making Better Use of Resources. OECD Publishing. Retrieved from  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264174262-en 

Rabinowitz, P. (2013). Identifying and Analyzing Stakeholders and Their Interests. Retrieved from  

Social Performance
Description of Company

My company, idgetCo, designs and manufactures widgets here in Dullsville, USA. The company has been in operation since 1927, and moved to Dullsville shortly after II to take advantage of the large clustering of industry around the steel plant in Steelville. The steel plant and many of the other businesses have now closed, but idgetCo has long been an innovator in widget design, so remains a thriving business. The company is now the largest employer in Dullsville. Operating as a differentiated provider, we are able to meet the needs of our customers -- mainly manufacturers -- who now are spread throughout the NAFTA region.

There are a number of stakeholders for idgetCo, and we believe that it is important to take the needs of each into consideration when embarking on major strategic endeavors (Leigh, 2013). Internally, we see our stakeholder universe as consisting of management, the shareholders, the…...

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Works Cited:

Gillan, S. & Starks, L. (2000). Corporate governance proposals and shareholder activism: The role of institutional investors. Journal of Financial Economics Vol. 57 (2000) 275-305

Holzer, B. (2008). Turning stakeseekers into stakeholders. Business & Society. Vol. 47 (1) 50-67.

Kokemuller, N. (2013). How do stakeholders influence business activities? Houston Chronicle. Retrieved April 28, 2013 from  http://smallbusiness.chron.com/stakeholders-influence-business-activities-18754.html 

Leigh, J. (2013). The differences between primary and secondary stakeholders. eHow. Retrieved April 28, 2013 from  http://www.ehow.co.uk/facts_7267188_difference-between-primary-secondary-stakeholders.html

Social Performance, Part 2 This a continuation assignment. Imagine company ethics program effective program. The Federal Sentencing Guidelines Organizations encourages firm set ethics programs.
Company: Pinnacle Professional College

Pinnacle Professional College is a for-profit institution that offers technologically-related continuing education courses, professional certification, and degrees primarily in technical fields such as dental hygiene, diagnostic sonography, and radiology. For-profit institutions have come under increasing scrutiny by the federal government for taking student's money, causing them to go into debt, and giving them with degrees of little value. To set the school apart from such unethical institutions, Pinnacle must show that that students move on to gainful employment that they would not otherwise have been able to obtain without attending Pinnacle. Pinnacle also has an ethical responsibility to ensure that students to not accrue more debt than they can conceivably pay off in a reasonable period of time. According to one NYU professor…...

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References

Auburn University Student Loan Code of Conduct. (2012). Auburn University. Retrieved:

 http://www.auburn.edu/administration/business_office/finaid/pdf/loan-code-of-conduct.pdf 

Briody, Blaire. (2012)11 surprising student loan facts. MSN Money. Retrieved:

 http://money.msn.com/saving-money-tips/post.aspx?post=585114c2-3a59-4e5b-9b1c-c3571b21d96d

Business Ethics
Social Performance Of Organizations

BP PLC (famous as British Petroleum PLC) is a multinational company from Britain. The company's headquarters is located in London, England, United Kingdom. The company mainly deals in the production and distribution of oil and gas. BP PLC stands as the sixth largest company in the global oil and gas market-by-market capitalization and fifth in terms of revenue. BP PLC is vertically integrated, which in microeconomics refers to a common style of growth and management control in a variety of related industries. This is when a company expands its operation into levels that are located different points along the same production path.

From this arrangement, BP PLC owns separate companies that are engaged in the production, processing, and distribution of oil and gas and able effectively to reduce operational costs to achieve efficiency (Hotte, Sumaila, & University of British Columbia, 2013). As a global operator, the company…...

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References

Grant, R, et al. (2011). Contemporary Strategic Management: An Australian Perspective. United Kingdom: Blackwell Publishing.

Hotte, N., Sumaila, U.R., & University of British Columbia. (2013). Potential economic impact of a tanker spill on ocean-based industries in British Columbia. Vancouver, B.C: Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia.

Simpson, J., & Taylor, J. (2013). Corporate governance, ethics, and CSR. London: Kogan Page.

Stakeholders may also exercise political power indirectly, for example, during protests by environmentalist on a government move.
Lastly, the stakeholders have legal power. Legal power means they can sue the business firm if they feel they unfairly treated by the business firm. This happens when they sue a corporation for damages due to harm caused by the firm on the stakeholder. An example is a lawsuit by customers for damages caused by consuming, or using unsafe goods or services, brought by employees damage caused by injury at work, or brought by environmentalists for damages on the environment either by water polluting, air pollution, or by harm to habitats and species of animals and plants (Weber & Lawrence, 2011).

In order to start a coalition with the stakeholders, the CEO needs to hold a first meeting with them. The meeting should have some characteristics, which include optimism, have energy, and signal a…...

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References

Weber, J. & Lawrence, T.A. (2011). Business and Society. Stakeholders, Ethics, Public Policy,

3rd ed. Unites States, USA: McGraw-Hill Company.

Kokemuller, N. (2013). How Do Stakeholders Influence Business Activities? Chron. Retrieved from  http://smallbusiness.chron.com/stakeholders-influence-business-activities-18754.html 

Loewenstein, M., Holt, C. & Rabinowitz, P. (2013). Identifying and Analyzing Stakeholders and Their Interest. Community Toolbox. Retrieved from   of contents/chapter7_section8_main.aspxhttp://ctb.ku.edu/en/table 

The Impact of Gender Differences on Social Performance in Saudi Arabia: A Mixed-Method Empirical StudyAbstractToday, the citizens of the oil-rich Kingdom of Saudi Arabia enjoy numerous benefits, including a wide range of social services that make the country the envy of its neighbors and much of the rest of the world. Nevertheless, as the custodian of two of Islams most important pilgrimage sites and a population that is comprised of a majority of Islamic adherents, Saudi Arabia is also faced with numerous challenges in its efforts to promote a gender-neutral society that offers both sexes equal opportunities in employment, housing, and other quality of life factors. The purpose of this mixed-methods empirical study is to provide a current snapshot of the impact of gender differences on social performance, drawing on quantitative and qualitative sources and identifying opportunities for helping the Kingdom achieve its ambitious Vision 2030 goals. The results indicate…...

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ReferencesBatrancea, L., Nichita, A., Olsen, J., Kogler, C., Kirchler, E., Hoelzl, E., ... & Zukauskas, S. (2019). Trust and power as determinants of tax compliance across 44 nations. Journal of Economic Psychology, 74, 102191.Boufeldja, G. (2014). Social change and women entrepreneurship in Algeria. Journal of Women’s Entrepreneurship and Education, (1-2), 119-131.Brnjas, Z., & ?uki?, M. (2018). Gender Responsive Budgeting in the Local Self-Government in the Republic of Serbia. Journal of Women’s Entrepreneurship and Education, (3/4), 45-59.Dana, L. P., Tajpour, M., Salamzadeh, A., Hosseini, E., & Zolfaghari, M. (2021). The Impact of Entrepreneurial Education on Technology-Based Enterprises Development: The Mediating Role of Motivation. Administrative Sciences, 11(4), 105.   Doshmanli, M., Salamzadeh, Y., & Salamzadeh, A. (2018). Development of SMEs in an emerging economy: does corporate social responsibility matter?. International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development, 17(2), 168-191.Muhammadiyah, S., & Nurlaela, S. (2021). ENTREPRENEURSHIP LEARNING BASED ON BUSINESS MODEL CANVAS CREATES COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 20(1), 1-10. Best of luck with the further development of the paper.Niki?, G., & Mitrovi?, M. (2015). Emotional Intelligence of the Employees in Serbia–Gender Differences. Journal of Women’s Entrepreneurship and Education, (1-2), 67-85.Redd, T. C., & Wu, S. (2020). Gender Differences in Acquiring Business Support from Online Social Networks. Journal of Women’s Entrepreneurship and Education, 22.Salamzadeh, A., Arasti, Z., & Elyasi, G. M. (2017). Creation of ICT-based social start-ups in Iran: A multiple case study. Journal of enterprising culture, 25(01), 97-122. Tajpour, M., Salamzadeh, A., Salamzadeh, Y. and Braga, V. (2021), “Investigating social capital, trust and commitment in family business: case of media firms,” Journal of Family Business Management, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print.  https://doi.org/10.1108/JFBM-02-2021-0013  Tajpour, M., Salamzadeh, A., Salamzadeh, Y., & Braga, V. (2021). Investigating social capital, trust, and commitment in family business: case of media firms. Journal of Family Business Management.Vu?ekovi?, M., Radovi?-Markovi?, M., ?ukanovi?, B., Dukovi?, S., & Dragojevi?, A. (2021). Gender Aspects of Working from Home in Serbia. Journal of Women’s Entrepreneurship and Education, (1-2), 18-36.Ziyae, B., Sadeghi, H., Shahamat Nejad, M., & Tajpour, M. (2021). A Framework of Urban Entrepreneurship for Women Breadwinners, Foresight journal, Ahead of print.  https://doi.org/10.1108/FS-12-2020-0137  https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11040105 

company British Petroleum, its products and services, the critical success factors for its operations and its salient stakeholders. It also discusses ways in which the primary stakeholders affect an organisation's financial performance. Then it evaluates the controversial corporate social responsibility issue of Deepwater Horizon Accident of 2010 and the formation of a stakeholder coalition to address this issue, including plans to address the challenges in persuading the affected stakeholders in forming the coalition.
British petroleum is a company with worldwide operations. It provides energy products and services to customers around the world to meet their modern energy demands. Its upstream segment is responsible for discovering oil and gas products around the world. The downstream segment is associated with energy products and services such as fuels, petrochemicals and lubricants (BP, 2014). BP has a range of products and services to cater energy demands of customers.

Air BP: This is the aviation division…...

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References

BP (2014). Gulf of Mexico restoration. [ONLINE] Available at:   [Last accessed 14 January 2014].http://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/gulf-of-mexico-restoration.html .

BP (2014). Press. [ONLINE] Available at:   [Last Accessed 14 January 2014].http://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/press.html .

BP (2014). Products and Services. [ONLINE] Available at:   [Last Accessed 13 January 2014].http://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/products-and-services.html .

Larson et al., (2000). Stakeholder Collaboration. Washington, DC: WWF-U.S..

Essay Topic Examples

1. The Role of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Modern Business ractices:
     This essay could discuss how CSR initiatives contribute to a companys brand image, customer loyalty, and long-term sustainability. It may also explore the ethical implications of CSR and whether businesses should be obligated to engage in social and environmental issues.

2. Balancing rofit and Social Responsibility A Challenge for 21st Century Businesses:
     This topic would delve into the strategies companies employ to strike a balance between maximizing profit and adhering to social responsibility. The essay could examine case studies of corporations that have either succeeded or failed in this balancing act.

3. The Impact of Social Responsibility on Corporate Governance:
     Here, one might explore the ways in which incorporating social responsibility can reshape corporate governance structures, decision-making processes, and stakeholder relations. The essay may also investigate how governance is affected by various regulatory frameworks…...

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Primary Sources

Carroll, Archie B. \"A Three-Dimensional Conceptual Model of Corporate Performance.\" The Academy of Management Review, vol. 4, no. 4, 1979, pp. 497-505.

Porter, Michael E., and Mark R. Kramer. \"The Link Between Competitive Advantage and Corporate Social Responsibility.\" Harvard Business Review, Dec. 2006.

Friedman, Milton. \"The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits.\" The New York Times Magazine, 13 Sept. 1970.

Freeman, R. Edward. \"Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach.\" Boston: Pitman, 1984.

Wood, Donna J. \"Corporate Social Performance Revisited.\" The Academy of Management Review, vol. 16, no. 4, 1991, pp. 691-718.

Social Network and Its Effects on the Developing Brain
The enhancing quantity of time kids are investing on computer systems in their home and institution has actually raised concerns about how using computer innovation might make a distinction in their lives-- from assisting with research to triggering depression to motivating terrible habits. This short article offers a review of the restricted study on the impacts of personal computer use on kids' physical development. Preliminary study recommends, for instance, that access to computer systems enhances the overall quantity of time kids invest in front of a TV or computer screen at the expenditure of other individual tasks, therefore putting them at danger for excessive weight. At the exact same time, intellectual study recommends that playing video game can be an essential foundation to computer proficiency due to the fact that it boosts kids' capability to check out and picture images in three-dimensional…...

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References

Deadwyler, S.A. (2008) 'Systemic and nasal delivery of Orexin -- A (Hypocretin-1) reduces the effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance in nonhuman primates', Journal of Neuroscience, 27 (52): 14239 -- 47.

Linn, S. And Poussaint, A.F. (1999). The Trouble With Teletubbies. The American prospect. May 1, 1999. June.

Sigman, A. (2007a) Remotely Controlled: How Television Is Damaging Our Lives, Vermilion, London

Sigman, A. (2007b) 'Visual voodoo: the biological impact of watching television', The Biologist, 54 (1): 14 -- 19

Social Facilitation, Social Inhibition, And Social Loafing
The objective of this study is to provide a description of the characters in the media program demonstrating social loafing, social inhibition, and social facilitation. One of the characters will be selected by using the current literature and two ways their behavior might be mitigated will be explained. This work will additionally describe a situation in which negative consequences were observed resulting from groupthink or group polarization and use an article from the current literature to explain how on alternative to groupthink or group polarization could have been used in that situation.

Social Loafing, Social Inhibition, and Social Facilitation

Social loafing is described as "the tendency to reduce individual effort when working in groups compared to the individual effort expended when working alone." (Piezon and Donaldson, n.d., p.1) Social facilitation is described as the increase "of individuals' performance in the presence of others" while social inhibition…...

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Works Cited

Klehe, UC, Anderson, N., and Hoefnagels, EA (2007) Social Facilitation and Inhibition During Maximum vs. Typical Performance Situations. Human Performance, 20(3), 223-239. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Retrieved from:  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=5&cad=rja&ved=0CFYQFjAE&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F228489268_Social_facilitation_and_inhibition_during_maximum_versus_typical_performance_situations%2Ffile%2Fe0b495236dce132488.pdf&ei=Ji9LUtW7DOfi4AP7gYHQDg&usg=AFQjCNEILSkosHlyJ1cqNRKN9h02NlV1Dg&sig2=tfNVahZuqSCqEibjgfDmPw&bvm=bv.53371865,d.dmg 

Piezon, S. And Donaldson, RL (n.d.) Online Groups and Social Loafing: Understanding Student-Group Interactions. Retrieved from:  http://www.westga.edu/~distance/ojdla/winter84/piezon84.htm 

Rovio, E. (2009) Can High Group Cohesion Be Harmful? A Case Study of a Junior High Ice-Hockey Team. Sage Publishers.

Social Psychology Week 5: The Virtual Office

Social Enterprise
What is meant by the term 'social enterprise' and what do social enterprises contribute to society and the economies in which they operate?

The acceleration with which the world is changing day by day is continuous. A majority of organizations that have a motto of 'not-for-profit' are looking out for prospects with the help of which they can begin or widen their projects in order to get their missions fulfilled and offer the needy the earned profits. Thus, any organization or scheme that brings about the mentioned twofold objectives is considered a social enterprise. Social enterprises sell mission-related goods or services and by doing so they try to create a more impartial and fair environment through specific market-based strategies (Bornstein & Davis 2010).

In other words, a business is regarded as a social enterprise when the main objective is to cope up with the prevailing societal problems and bringing improvement in…...

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References

Baptiste, T. (2009). Being a Leader and Making Decisions. 1st. ed. New York: Chelsea House.

Beerel, A. (2009). Leadership and Change Management. 1st. ed. Los Angeles: SAGE.

Bornstein, D. & Davis, S. (2010). Social Entrepreneurship: What Everyone Needs to Know. 1st. ed. New York: Oxford University Press.

Borzaga, C. & Defourny, J. (2001). The Emergence of Social Enterprise. 1st. ed. London: Routledge.

Social psychology view: What ensures that women are treated fairly in office settings in the United States?
One of the most prudent applications of social psychology within contemporary settings are those that relate to gender. Gender issues can become exacerbated when they are viewed within particular social constructs, such as the work environment. Due to the fact that the majority of the world was initially a patriarchal society (particularly in the United States) before modern conceptions of gender became prevalent, the role of women within the work environment is one which is certainly worthy of investigation in terms of how women are treated, what sorts of issues they must contend with, and how others (men) consider working women. The principle difference between contemporary and most historic notions of gender pertaining to women in the workplace is that in modern times, there is supposed to be a substantial greater amount of parity…...

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References

Bisika, T. (2008). Do social and cultural factors perpetuate gender-based violence in Malawi?.Gender & Behaviour, 6(2), 1884-1896. doi:10.4314/gab.v6i2.23426

Cikara, M., Rudman, L., & Fiske, S. (2012). Dearth by a Thousand Cuts?: Accounting for Gender Differences in Top-Ranked Publication Rates in Social Psychology. Journal Of Social Issues, 68(2), 263-285. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.2012.01748.x

Gilbert, D.G., Fiske, S.T. & Lindzey G. (2010). Handbook of social psychology (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Huerta, M. (2007). Intersections of race and gender in women's experiences of harassment. (Order No. 3253291, University of Michigan). ProQuest Dissertations and Theses,, 110-110 p. Retrieved from   (304848503).http://search.proquest.com/docview/304848503?accountid=25340 .

Social Technology and Security
Cincom Systems, a privately-held enterprise software company who is very active on Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter and has an extensive blog network relies on social media sites to share customer success stories and the latest updates on events the company is participating in. Cincom has six different product divisions, each offering a different type of enterprise software, ranging from Customer elationship Management (CM), and Enterprise esource Planning (EP) to advanced product and sales configuration systems as well. The latest information on employee accomplishments and a continual stream of updates on new products dominate the social networking sites, while the website is used for communicating the unique value proposition of the six different divisions.

The website is also used for providing product overviews and presentations given at conference, along with the biographies of the senior executives. Cincom's executives are all over 50 years of age, with several over 60. The…...

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References

Diffley, S., Kearns, J., Bennett, W., & Kawalek, P. (2011). Consumer behaviour in social networking sites: Implications for marketers. Irish Journal of Management, 30(2), 47-65.

Heirati, N., O'Cass, A., & Ngo, L.V. (2013). The contingent value of marketing and social networking capabilities in firm performance. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 21(1), 82.

Social Equity Public Administration
Emergence as Concern in Field of Public Administration

Social equity has always been an important aspect of public administration, though only recently is it receiving much attention in the press. Whereas in times of old social equity concerned itself primarily with issues of fairness and equality in the public workplace, today social equity is emerging as a field encompassing many different aspects of administration.

Among these include public education, policy development, hiring and promotional practices, public welfare and even transportation. In modern public administration, all of these issues are applied to the field in order to establish fairness, justice and equality for all. Social equity in the field of public administration has emerged as a response to consumer demands for equitable policy making and fairness in governance.

Public administration as a whole may be defined as the management of "matters which have principally to do with the society, polity and…...

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References:

Frederickson, G. (1986). "New public administration." Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.

Rice, M.F. (2003). "Organizational Culture, Social Equity & Diversity: Teaching Public

Administration." Texas A& M. University, Bush School Working Paper #314. 14, November, 2004:  http://bush.tamu.edu/content/research/working_papers/mrice/teach-post-modern.pdf 

Christopher, G.C., Rutledge, P.J. (2001). "Reinvigorating the Social Equity Debate."

Social trends in Education / the next 5 years
With societal establishments and school structures, we can carry the most important task of providing youths with the necessary education which will provide them opportunities to thrive in our community. A simple casual glance at the comparative mode of lifestyle in our country would make it obvious that these establishments performed in an excellent manner for the greater part of this century. But the universe is transforming in manners that radically remodels the suppositions, customs and guiding principles, which catered the American people earlier. Besides, the pace of transformation is gearing up at an amazing speed, requiring in many customs and establishments the need to progress in certain spheres. To look forward to modifications, to a certain extent than acting in response to it, schools are spotting developments and scrutinizing their probable connotations.

ather than guessing what the coming years has in store…...

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References

Anglin, John. S. Educational Trends for the Future. Handbook of Theory and Research in Higher Education: Volume: 8; pp. 115-121. New York: Agathon, 2002

Carter, Holly. Implementation of International Competence Strategies: Faculty. In Bridges to the Future: Strategies for Internationalizing Higher Education, pp.191-203. Ed. Charles Klasek, Carbondale, Illinois: Association of International Education Administrators, 1992.

Corson, David. Language Diversity and Education. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2001.

Morrison, J.L. Higher-Education Trends and Indicators. The Chronicle of Higher Education. Volume: 46, No: 3; September 10, 1999; p. A54