Moreover, there are many other considerations that must be taken into account, any of which can obfuscate the impact of the orld Bank's actions.
UNESCO's perspective is less linear in its logic. Armed with a vague and shifting understanding of the antecedents of poverty, UNESCO not only has trouble measuring poverty but also has trouble drawing links between specific program actions and the elimination of poverty. UNESCO understands that broad strokes of how poverty comes about (or more accurately is not eradicated) but seems unable to translate this to policy in the clear way that the orld Bank has been able to.

Affect of Different Measures

There are two main implications of the fact that nearly every agency, government and NGO has its own measure of poverty. The first implication is that there is no agreement on what poverty is, and the second is that there is no agreement on what to…...

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Works Cited:

Boltvinik, J. (no date). Poverty measurement methods -- An overview. In possession of the author.

Fournier, F. (2002). Social capital and poverty reduction. UNESCO. In possession of the author.

IDEAs.org (2009). Globalisation and income inequality: A survey. IDEAs. In possession of the author.

Oyen, E. (2002). Social capital and poverty reduction. UNESCO. In possession of the author.

Poverty and Children in the U.S.
Poverty Stricken Children in the United States of America

It is unfortunate to state that sociological ills have preserved their place in almost every society, civilization and empire. e it slavery, illiteracy, disease or poverty; one vice or the other has invaded communities throughout history and wreaked destruction upon the inhabitants. Despite the revolutions in the information technology and communication sector, countries are still experiencing a strong dearth of resources. Regardless of the progress within the global corporate realm, there is a widening gap between the "haves" and the "have-nots." Poverty is a harsh and tangible part of our world reality. What is poverty? A simple and straightforward explanation is to be without basic, essential items such as food, water, and shelter. The Copenhagen Declaration paints it as "a condition characterized by severe deprivation of basic human needs, including food, safe drinking water, sanitation, facilities, health,…...

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Bibliography

Child Poverty in the United States 2009 and 2010. (2011, November). United States Census Bureau .

Defining Poverty. (2011, July 19). A New Republican .

Definitions of Poverty. (2012). Retrieved May 2012, from BBC:  http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/education/int/ms/health/wealth/def_of_poverty/definitions.shtml 

Finding Solutions to Poverty. (2006). A Dollar a Day .

This can take shape with the person having fewer educational resources and support. While at the same time, they are exposed to a host of illegal activities that are committed right in front of them (i.e. The distribution of illegal drugs or the sale of guns). These factors will help the person to think that this is socially acceptable. ("Causes and Effects of Poverty," 2012)
When this happens, they will engage in these actions to address their economic challenges. The problem is that the individual does not see anything wrong with what they are doing. This is from being constantly exposed to these areas through cultural traditions (which are telling them these actions are acceptable). Once they are arrested, is the point that they will claim they are product of their environment (based on the lack of opportunities that were available to them). ("Causes and Effects of Poverty," 2012)

These factors…...

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References

2012 World Hunger. (2012). World Hunger. Retrieved from:  http://www.worldhunger.org/articles/Learn/world%20hunger%20facts%202002.htm 

Causes and Effects of Poverty. (2012). Cliffs Notes. Retrieved from:  http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/Causes-and-Effects-of-Poverty.topicArticleId-26957,articleId-26882.html 

Definitions of Poverty. (2012). BBC. Retrieved from:  http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/education/int/ms/health/wealth/def_of_poverty/definitions.shtml 

Ravallion, M. (2009). Dollar a Day. World Bank Economic Review, 23 (2), 163 -- 184.

The first pitfall is that soft factors such as culture are very hard to quantify and thus difficult to pin down in the type of quantitative research currently in vogue in the field of social sciences. There will have to be more qualitative research done, including interviews, questionairres, and polls conducted in order to get a handle on the factors which transform poverty into crime. The second pitfall is that culturally-focused explanations often echo the racial prejudices which drove the Social Darwinist explanations of poverty and crime during the late 19th and early 20th century sociology and criminology.
Conclusion

The relationship between poverty and crime is only beginning to be fleshed out in a manner which will produce useful policy recommendations. Fortunately, these recommendations will be grounded in quantitative research, especially data regarding crime rates and social welfare expenditures. However, it is important that research into poverty and crime does not…...

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Bibliography

Pridemore - a Reassessment of the Inequality-Homicide Relationship in Cross-National Studies

Zhao -- the Dynamics of Poverty and Crime

Hipp and Yates -- Ghettos, Thresholds, and Crime: Does Concentrated Poverty Really Have an Accelerating Increasing Effect on Crime

Nikulina - the Role of Childhood Poverty in Predicting Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Major Depressive Order, Academic Achievement, and Crime in Young Adulthood.

Poverty
A recent study on demographics found that white Americans, currently about 63% of the U.S. population, will peak in 2024 and drop below 50% of the U.S. population by 2043. In fact, since the Immigration eform Act of 1965, about 650,000 new immigrants a year come from Latin America and Asia, which outnumbers the mass European Immigration from 1920-1920 (Lee, 2013). African-Americans, as of the 2012 census update, comprise about 44 million, up almost 2% from 2010. In fact, America's African-American population (Black) has steadily been increasing in participation in American politics, with a 65% turnout in the 2008 Presidential Election, higher than any other minority in the country (U.S.Census Bureau News, 2013). One of the changes in American economic and policy debate occurring in the 21st century has been the growing concerns about the inequality of wealth and the expanding racial wealth gap between Whites and minority groups, including…...

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REFERENCES

Brooks-Gunn, J., Duncan, G., (1997). The Effects of Poverty on Children. The Future of Children. 7 (2): 55-71.

Capella, E., et al., (2008). Enhancing Schools' Capacity to Support Children in Poverty: An Ecological Model of School-Based Mental Health Services. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research. 35 (5): 395-409.

Drake, B., Rank, M. (2009). The racial divide among American children in poverty: Reassessing the importance of neighborhood. Children and Youth Services Review. 31 (12): 1264-741.

Huston, A. (2011). Children in Poverty: Can Public Policy Alleviate the Consequences? Family Matters -- Australian Institute of Family Studies. 87 (2): 13-26. Retrieved from: http://www.aifs.org.au/institute/pubs/fm2011/fm87/fm87c.pdf

Poverty Education Problems
At present, an African child born in poverty is more anticipated to be undernourished than attending primary school education and is as likely to pass away ahead of age 5 as to attend secondary education. As mentioned by Tilak, J. (2009) these harsh realities are representatative of the interlinked state of poverty and education with regard to a child's chances of survival in Africa. Statistical assessment of sub-Saharan Africa presents two most critical aspects of this regiont: its elevated level of poverty and the current decrease in primary education in the region. No other part of the world is going through this level of poverty and academic problems.

Thirty-seven states of sub-Saharan Africa are included in the list of countries that grade lowest in field of human development. According to an estimate, 40 to 50% population residing in sub-Saharan Africa is below the poverty line. (Psacharopoulos, 2011) This percentage…...

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References

Buchmann, C., (2010) The debt crisis, structural adjustment and women's education: implications for status and social development. International journal of comparative sociology, p. 160- 89.

Crabtree, S and Pugliese, A (2012) Poverty Drops With Secondary Education in Sub-Saharan Africa, Pg 1.

Flower, L., Hayes, J., Carey, L., Schriver, K., & Stratman, J. (2012). Detection diagnosis, and the strategies of revision. College Composition and Communication, 160- 90..

Hinchliffe, K., (2008) Economic austerity, structural adjustment and education: the case of Nigeria. IDS bulletin, p. 10- 17.

Poverty and Obesity
POVEY AND OBESITY

The Connection Between Poverty and Obesity

Michelle Spezio

English Composition

Fall Session A

The Connection between Poverty and Obesity

The argument that obesity is correlated with poverty is one that is quite persistent in the popular literature and also the in the scientific research (e.g., Drewnowski, 2004; Pollan, 2006). To say that one thing is correlated with another should not be interpreted as meaning that one thing leads to another or that it causes another thing. Yet writers like Pollan do this very thing. The actual relationship of obesity to income level or poverty turns out to be a lot more complex than writers like Pollan take the time to consider. In fact, the relationship of obesity to poverty is in actuality almost nil. It is the writings of such individuals that skew the issues and simplify them that lead to such misinterpretations.

This is not to imply that obesity is not…...

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References

Block, J.P., Scribner, R.A., & DeSalvo, K.B. (2004). Fast food, race/ethnicity, and income: A geographic analysis. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 27(3), 211-217.

Bray, G. (2004). The epidemic of obesity. Physiology and Behavior, 82, 115-121.

Centers for Disease Control. (2004a). Overweight and obesity state programs. Retrieved from  http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/obesity/state_programs/new_york.htm 

Centers for Disease Control. (2004b). Prevalence of overweight among children and adolescents: United States, 1999-2000. Retrieved November 14, 2011 from  http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/pubs/pubd/hestats/overwght99.htm

Sometimes the government is asked to intervene in the economy so as to rectify situation in which the price system fails to work. ("How the U.S. Economy works," n. d.)
4) Would you eliminate it, or would you leave it alone?

Definitely poverty has to be eliminated as this is the single largest measure of economic backwardness of a nation. These would comprise the need for greater effective economic strategies to foster employment creating growth, a changeover of resources and services into rural regions, a reorientation of public social service and an enhancement in their quality at the grass-root level. The creation of techniques to assist poverty stricken regions and district and enhanced targeting of credit and other measures to assist the poor. (Cox; Healey; Hoebink; Voipio, 2000)

eferences

Cox, Aidan; Healey, John; Hoebink, Paul; Voipio, Timo. (2000) "European Development

Cooperation and the Poor." St. . Martin's Press.

Gallaway, Lowell E. (1966, Oct) "The Aged…...

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References

Cox, Aidan; Healey, John; Hoebink, Paul; Voipio, Timo. (2000) "European Development

Cooperation and the Poor." St. . Martin's Press.

Gallaway, Lowell E. (1966, Oct) "The Aged and the extent of poverty in the United States"

Southern Economic Journal, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 212-222.

Poverty and Health
More than half a century ago, the World Health Organization defined health as "a complete state of physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (Ustun & Jakob 2005)." There were objections to this definition and others were suggested to replace it. The Australian aboriginal people define health as something beyond individual physical well-being. Their definition encompasses the social, emotional, spiritual and cultural well-being of the whole community. The perception spans an entire life view and the cycle of life, death and an after-life (Ustun & Jakob).

On the other hand, poverty is defined as a threshold. In 2001, the Census ureau set the poverty threshold at $9,214 for a single person or at $18,022 for a family of 1 adult and 3 related children below 18 years old (Oberg 2003). This definition or measurement of poverty is deemed limited at the present…...

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Benjamin, D 2003, 'The impact of childhood poverty on health and development,'

Healthy Generations: University of Minnesota [Online] Available at http://www.epi.umn.edu/mch/resources/hg/hg_childpoverty.pdf

Evans, J and Kleit, G.R. 2010, 'Prompting poverty reduction: societal values, social exclusion and the future of American democracy,' Evans School of Public

Affairs:: University of Washington [Online] Available at http://cvp.evans.washington.edu/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/coverkleit_2010.pdf

Poverty Issues in Education: Effects on School-Age Children
Poverty and its effects on school age children

Poverty Issues in Education

Effects on School-Age Children

The child who lives in poverty experiences both challenges and barriers that other children who are not in these 'at risk' will never face. Presently there are number of young children in the U.S. that are growing up in families living in poverty or near poverty (44%). The term 'at-risk' is a reference to children who are "likely to fail in school or in life because of their life's social circumstances." Stated in the work of Pellino (2005) is that, "It does not appear that any one single factor places a child at-risk. Rather, when more than one factor is present, there is a compounding effect and the likelihood for failure increases significantly. (Pellino, 2005) Academic and behavioral problems can be indicators of impending failure. Among such behaviors are: delay…...

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Works Cited:

Pellino, Karen M. (2005) The Effects of Poverty on Teaching and Learning

 http://www.teach-nology.com/tutorials/teaching/poverty/print.htm 

Elliott, M. (1996) "Impact of Work, Family and Welfare Receipt on Women's Self-Esteem in Young Adulthood" Social Psychology Quarterly 59: 80-95.

Moore, K.A. And Driscoll, A.K. (1997) Low-wage Maternal Employment and Outcomes for Children: The Future of Children page

People have to be empowered to become educated and stand up for themselves. Assuming such proactive action will eventually stop the cycle of poverty and "ignite" the path to development.
The question, however, is not "Can poverty can be eradicated?" With resources of the more wealthy individuals and nations combined across the world, it is difficult to imagine that this could not be accomplished. However, the more important questions are, "Do people want to use these resources to end poverty? Do enough people across the world truly want to end poverty? Do they actually care, or care enough, to work toward such goals? or, worse yet, do too many people enjoy their increased wealth and extravagance at the expense of others and do not want to change the status quo?" The ultimate question then is not, "Can poverty be eliminated? It is, instead, "Will it be eliminated?" The only way…...

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References

Ayres, C.E. (1962) the Theory of Economic Progress: A Study of the Fundamentals of Economic Development and Cultural Change. New York: Schoken Books

Galbraith, a. (1962). Economic Development in Perspective. Cambridge: Harvard University Press..

____(1964). Economic Development. Cambridge: Harvard University Press

____ (1994) Journey Through Economic Time: A Firsthand View. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin.

S. families. The government has introduced welfare to help these families, but they still continue to live in poverty, affecting the life of children (Baskerville, 2008).
However most scholars and researcher tend to agree that at least part of the poor children will become wealthier as they grow, an article in the Stanford Social Innovation eview points out that these future adults will struggle the effects of early poverty for the rest of their lives. "Some 17% of children in America live in families with incomes below the federal poverty line, according to a 2005 U.S. Census Bureau report. A minority of these children will escape poverty by the time they grow up. Even so, their bodies will still bear the marks of their early deprivations as they succumb to higher rates of cancer, infectious diseases, arthritis, and other ailments" (Stanford Social Innovation eview, 2008).

5. Conclusions

The matters of poverty, income inequality…...

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References

Baskerville, S., 2008, From Welfare State to Police State, the Independent Review, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 401-422

Macionis, J.J., 2006, Society: The Basics, 8th Edition, Prentice Hall

O'Hare, W., Mather, M., 2008, Child Poverty is Highest in Rural Counties in U.S., Population Reference Bureau,   on April 17, 2008http://www.prb.org/Articles/2008/childpoverty.aspxlastaccessed 

2008, Poor in Body - Toxic Environments Knock Impoverished Kids' Systems out of Kilter, Stanford Social Innovation Review

The MPH strategy - put into effect in 2005 - was to mobilize enormous peaceful demonstrations, in coordination with the international movement called "Global Campaign Against Poverty" - and rock concerts - in many nations, to show the world (through media) that this was an international movement to end poverty. The MPH mission was not to send people out into the world's hunger spots to pass out food, or fund food-related charity organizations. The thrust of the movement was to not only call attention to poverty, but to pressure members of the G8 - presidents and prime ministers from Canada, UK, U.S., France, Germany, Russia, Japan and Italy - to forgive debt in developing nations where poverty is the most severe.

The purpose of MPH's effort was also to help reach the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) - with particular attention to the first goal - established in 2002 by the United…...

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Works Cited

Baptist, Willie; & Damico, Noelle. (2005). Building the New Freedom Church of the Poor.

Cross Currents, 55(3), 352-262.

Chambers, Clarke a. (2001). Poor People's Movements: Why They Succeed, How They Fail.

American Historical Review, 83(3), 841-843.

Poverty in Zaire
'The Democratic Republic of Congo should be the envy of Africa ... Instead, its 44 million people are among the poorest in the world, and among the world's most likely to hack each other to pieces." (Pelton). The Democratic Republic of Congo has been besieged by strife, turmoil, poverty, and illness for decades. Formerly the Belgian Congo, the nation, like most others in Africa, has been ravaged by centuries of colonial and imperialistic rule. In the wake of the rape of natural resources and the racist degradation of its people of colonial years arose a series of brutal, greed-driven dictatorial regimes in the Democratic Republic of Congo. For over thirty years a dictator named Mobutu Sese Seko (nee Joseph Desire Mobutu) led the country with what many call a "kleptocracy," or rule via stealing. Pelton's quote draws attention to the fact that the Democratic Republic of Congo is…...

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Works Cited

"Congo, Democratic Republic of." CIA World Factbook. 2005. Online at <  http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/cg.html >.

'Congo (Zaire) Information." 1998. Art and Life in Africa. <  http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/countries/Congo_ (Zaire).html>.

'Democratic Republic of Congo Data Profile." 2003. World Bank. Online at .

Forests Monitor. 2001. "Democratic Republic of Congo." Sold Down the River. Online at < http://www.forestsmonitor.org/reports/solddownriver/drc.htm>.

That "reflects, in part, the more complex houses that Habitat builds in the United States, as well as the mind-numbing issues -- involving insurance costs and government regulations -- that seem to have bogged down efforts to rebuild after Hurricanes Katrina... (Volunteer group lags in replacing Gulf houses, New York Times, February 22, 2007).
Even without that latter disastrous devastation, though; but also in spite of huge latter-day gaming profits, Mississippi has, just as it did back in 1979, according to ogers:.".. The largest proportion of poor families and persons of any State and poverty is more frequent among persons over the age of 65, persons living alone, black families, female headed families, and rural residents. Mississippi also has the largest proportion of school age children in poverty..." In 1979, the report Poverty in Mississippi: A statistical analysis (ogers) ordered by the Governor's Office of Human esources suggested "Ameliorative steps...include…...

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References

Appel, Adrianne. (October 7, 2005). In poverty-stricken Mississippi, Katrina's damage lingers. National Geographic News [online]. Retrieved February 25, 2007 at http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:G85nYqxoB64J:news.

A nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/10/1007_051007_Mississippi.html+Mississippi+poverty&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=2&gl=us.html.

Carpetbagger. (February 20, 2007). Wikipedia. Retrieved February 25, 2007, at  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpetbagger.html .

Hurricane Katrina. February 25, 2007. Retrieved February 25, 2007, from: http:

....

Since we do not know what you have put in your first page, it is a little difficult to tell you where to start on your second page.  What we are going to do is go over some of the negative effects of gentrification and give you some links to find more information about those negative effects.  Hopefully, this will help you get over your writer’s block and get past page two.

At first glance, gentrification may seem like a positive.  After all, gentrification means an upward trend economically for a historically economically disadvantaged neighborhood.  However, long-term residents....

CSR, or corporate social responsibility, refers to the idea that companies should hold themselves accountable for how their policies and procedures impact the greater world at large.  CSR does not have a single definition, because it is tailored to each individual company and that company’s view of how they act in a responsible position.  CSR is self-regulating, insofar as it is not imposed by outside forces, at least in terms of being regulated; outside forces, such as client decisions to purchase products or services, competitor responses to corporate policies, or business partner....

There is a definite link between work, poverty, and welfare.  While people may think of poverty as a problem for people who are unemployed, the reality is that most adults who live in poverty are employed.  In fact, approximately 40% of homeless adults are actually employed.  Therefore, solving the problem of poverty is not just about finding employment for people who live in poverty, but will require widespread social change about challenging taxpayers subsidizing employers that pay their employees less than a living wage.

If you want to write a 5-paragraph essay about the....