It relies on the vision of the state you choose to subscribe and it depends upon the costs and benefits of a few highly imperfect social institutions: market trends and the public sector. (Bovaird, Loffler, 2003, p. 25) The public sector is a ubiquitous social institution having grown in size and complexity within the last fifty years. Nevertheless, this is a linear development. Whereas the development belonging to the welfare state in the late 1960s and 1970s took an unprecedented growth of men and women in most OECD states, the 1980s and 1990s was marked by concerns and attempts to reduce the strength of the public sector, or, at a minimum, to make it more helpful and all these have fiscal implications.
A good number of policies have spending implications. In cases where money becomes scarce, financial constraints can create problems in public enterprises. Though the opposite-financial crises also have…...
mlaReferences
Albrecht, W. Steve; Albrecht, Conan C; Albrecht, Chad O. 2009. Fraud Examination. Cengage Learning.
Bovaird, Tony; Loffler, Elke. 2003. Public Management & Governance. Routledge: New York.
Corby, Susan; White, Geoff. 1999. Employee Relations in the Public Services: Themes and Issues. Routledge: London.
Fairholm, Gilbert W. 2001. Mastering Inner Leadership. Quorum Books: Westport, CT.
Public Private Comparator
Public Sector Comparator (PSC) in the Public-private partnership (PPP) Process
Increased global financial pressures have caused many government entities to cut costs in any way possible. One way is to outsource services or projects to private companies. However, when comparing costs, the public sector frequently bases its cost calculations for a project by omitting certain types of factors. These can include employee benefits, utilities, or total administrative costs. As result, public sector services may erroneously appear to be less expensive than private services. The public cost comparator (PSC) provides a better comparison of the costs of public and private services. If the private sector can provide services cheaper than the public sector, then the public sector may choose to engage in a public -- private partnership (PPP). This allows them to share the costs, benefits, and risks of the project.
More than one method exists for comparing public and private…...
mlaReferences
Ball, R. (2009). The provision of public service infrastructure -- the use of PPPs in the UK and Australia. International Journal of Public Sector Management. 24 (1): 6-22.
Brusewitz, M . 2005. Public-private partnerships in the United States. Project finance. Legal Advisers Review. 2004/2005: p. 70-71. Available from: [Accessed 3 December 2011].http://www.orrick.com/fileupload/394.PDF
Bult-Spiering, M. & Dewulf, G., 2006, Strategic issues in public-private partnerships: an international perspective, Wiley-Blackwell.
Burger, P. & Hawkesworth, I. 2010. How to Attain Value for Money: Comparing PPP and Traditional Infrastructure Public Procurement. OECD. Annual OECD network meeting of Senior PPP Officials in Paris. 12-13 April 2010.
etrieved at http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/EOPA/UNPAN014284.pdf. Accessed on 30 May, 2005
Pearson Des. 2000. "Contemporary Issues in Public Sector Accountability: New Challenges for Accountability." 22 January. etrieved at http://www.audit.wa.gov.au/pubs/ipaa23022000.html. Accessed on 30 May, 2005
Setting the Course: Integrating Conformance with Performance." 2000. September, 7. etrieved at http://www.ag.gov.au/agd/WWW/attorneygeneralHome.nsf/Page/Speeches_2000_Speeches_Setting_the_Course:_Integrating_Conformance_with_PerformanceAccessed on 30 May, 2005
Sozzani, Joseph "Privatization in the United States and Australia: A Comparative Analysis of the Modern Movement in Corrections." etrieved at http://www.bond.edu.au/law/blr/vol13-1/Sozzani.pdf. Accessed on 30 May, 2005
S.pt.103-358 Governmental Affairs Committee" 1994. August, 23. etrieved at http://members.tripod.com/whistle20/sr103-358excerpts.htm. Accessed on 30 May, 2005
The Audit Office Today." etrieved at http://www.audit.wa.gov.au/insideoag/. Accessed on 30 May, 2005
Vouched for and Carried to Account: A History of the Western Australian Audit Office 1829-2004." etrieved at http://www.audit.wa.gov.au/history/index.html. Accessed on 30 May, 2005
Wongchanglaw, Somphon. 2002. "Strengthening Public Scrutiny and Government Accountability eformation." etrieved at http://www.thinkcentreasia.org/documents/Strengthening%20public%20scrutiny.html. Accessed on 30 May, 2005...
mlaReferences
Heeks, Richard. 1998. "Information Systems for Public Sector Management: Defining Accountability." Institute for Development Policy and Management. July. Retrieved at Accessed on 30 May, 2005http://idpm.man.ac.uk/publications/wp/igov/igov_wp01.pdf.
Lamond, Jeff. "Transparency and Ethical Governance: Promoting Accountability in Australia" Australian Public Service Commission. Retrieved at Accessed on 30 May, 2005http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/EROPA/UNPAN014284.pdf.
Pearson Des. 2000. "Contemporary Issues in Public Sector Accountability: New Challenges for Accountability." 22 January. Retrieved at Accessed on 30 May, 2005http://www.audit.wa.gov.au/pubs/ipaa23022000.html .
Setting the Course: Integrating Conformance with Performance." 2000. September, 7. Retrieved at on 30 May, 2005http://www.ag.gov.au/agd/WWW/attorneygeneralHome.nsf/Page/Speeches_2000_Speeches_Setting_the_Course:_Integrating_Conformance_with_PerformanceAccessed
Welcome any and all suggestions [...]
4. Decide together on the best solution. Seek consensus in doing this" (Bruce and Pepitone, 1998)
The solution presented above has the direct benefit of involving the employees in the decision making process. This will make them feel that they are valuable assets for the organization and will increase their morale. However, to ensure that the staff members increase their performances as well, the leaders at the CAB have to offer them a wide series of incentives. These could include (but are not limited to): wage increases, premiums and bonuses, more flexible schedules, more extensive benefit plans, opportunities for promotions, training and professional development programs, day care centers for their children or more holydays and personal days
5. Changes in the Managerial Style and the Organizational Culture
Following the 1980s, the business community and the public sector have been struggling with reduced levels of quality, high employee…...
mlaReferences
Bruce, a., Pepitone, J.S., 1998, Motivating Employees: A Briefcase Book, McGraw Hill Professional
Cascio, W.F., Boudreau, J.W., Ramstad, P.M., 2008, Investing in People: Financial Impact of Human Resource Initiatives, FT Press
David, F., 1989, Strategic Management, Columbus Merrill Publishing Company
Joyce, P., Woods, a., 2001, Strategic Management: A Fresh Approach to Developing Skills, Knowledge and Creativity, Kogan Page Publishers
The article presents several points-of-view that question the efficiency of the police teams and their situation management. However, the author of the article discusses some of the causes that determined the actions of the police. The budget reductions are considered an important cause.
Another article in the Guardian discusses the effects that the budgetary reductions are likely to produce. The article is written by Fiona Harvey and refers to the effects on rural transportation. The writer addresses the job reductions in countryside buses. The most important effects of this action are represented by the fact that education and healthcare services will become difficult to reach in these areas, while air quality could be reduced. This also affects people's possibilities of finding jobs, of traveling to school or college, and in reaching health services (Harvey, 2011).
The importance of the issue addressed by this article is represented by the fact that a…...
mlaReference list:
1. Police not Politicians Quelled the Riots (2011). Public Service. Retrieved August 12, 2011 from http://www.publicservice.co.uk/news_story.asp?id=17147 .
2. Riots Mean Police Cuts Should Stop (2011). Public Service. Retrieved August 12, 2011 from http://www.publicservice.co.uk/news_story.asp?id=17134 .
3. Expenses, Phone Hacking, Riots, All the Same Problem (2011). Public Service. Retrieved August 12, 2011 from http://www.publicservice.co.uk/news_story.asp?id=17149 .
4. Harvey, F. (2011). Rural Transport Cuts Put Essential Services Out of Reach. The Guardian. Retrieved August 12, 2011 from http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2011/aug/11/rural-transport-cuts-isolate .
If, on the other hand, the net present value of the public sector comparator is lower than the net present value of the public-private partnership, then the PPP is too expensive and ineffective and it does not represent the adequate solution for the provision of the public service (Grimsey and Lewis, 2007).
The public sector comparator identifies the value of money for the project in the case in which it would be completed by the state alone. In order to attain this objective, it implements four specific components:
a) The raw PSC
The raw public sector comparator represents the base cost of delivering the services, as specified in the project brief and under the public procurement method; under these conditions, the asset or the services are fully owned by the federal institution.
b) The competitive neutrality adjustment
The competitive neutrality adjustment represents a mechanism by which the net advantages and disadvantages of the public…...
mlaReferences:
Bult-Spiering, M., Dewulf, G., 2006, Strategic issues in public-private partnerships: an international perspective, Wiley-Blackwell
Buxbaum, N.J., Ortiz, I.N., 2009, Public sector decision making for public-private partnerships, Transportation Research Board
Duncan, W.D., 2005, Joint ventures law in Australia, 2nd edition, Federation Press
Grimsey, D., Lewis, M., 2007, Public private partnerships: the worldwide revolution in infrastructure provision and project finance, Edward Elgar Publishing
Public sector recruitment tends to be less focused on a specific sector of society than private sector recruitment. The skill sets in the public staffing system is then also somewhat different from that in the private sector. Because the private sector tends to be more specialized in its rendering of service, the kind of staff required has a more specialized skill set and level of education. While the private sector would thus tend to reject public sector staffing systems, it is also a fact that trade unions are looking for ways in which the two sectors can work together in improving services to the public.
Several sources of applicants are available to the recruiter. These include advertisements, newspapers and specialist magazines, databases, external organizations and executive searches. Advertisements can occur by means of for example notice boards, and these advertisements need to take into account equality and the need to not…...
While the modern day educational system still has a long way to go, it is recognized that it has made significant improvements. And one important source in the shaping of public education unionization was represented by industrial unionism. This industrial unionism has its roots in the Industrial evolution. When the factories opened and the people moved from the villages to the cities in search of better life, the bases of the labor force were set. But the initial labor force was exploited, not protected and underpaid.
Gradually, the people came to make demands of their rights to be protected and the unions took shape. They were initially met with resistance and even violent responses from factory owners, but they eventually received legal support and have come to better protect the rights of workers (Guasch, 1999). Today, the public education unions are still struggling, but they are on their difficult path to…...
mlaReferences:
Guasch, J.L., 1999, Labor market reform and job creation: the unfinished agenda in Latin American and Caribbean countries, World Bank Publications
Koppich, J.E., The as-yet-unfulfilled promise of reform bargaining
Pynes, J.E., Lafferty, J.M., Grievance arbitration
After having discussed Florida International University's Masters in Public Administration program with some of your graduates, I am very impressed with the analytical skills that your graduates acquire. I believe that analytical skills are so important because problems cannot be solved unless they have been properly analyzed, and problem-solving is the primary duty of a public-sector professional.
One of my additional intermediate goals is to increase my knowledge of the skills required to be a successful public administrator. While my work experience has given me knowledge of one area of public-sector employment, I feel that knowledge is incomplete. While I know that I want to work in a public-sector job, helping to make the community I live in a better one, I am not certain what role I want to play. Through my education, I hope to learn exactly what is required to work as personnel director, special project coordinator,…...
(Barry C. Burden., et al.).
Another hypothesis the researcher explored is that as individuals perceive of burden as highly administrative. They will become less supportive of those specific tasks. The experience exhibited by such administrative burdens creates a negative mindset which influences how other aspects of the policy are perceived. As a result of this Framing effect the policy may appear to be more flawed because of it's emphasize on the negative elements rather than the benefits. In a wider view, administrators who perceive a policy as Burdensome may also see it as simply not being worth the burden, regardless of its importance and Philosophical pre-dispositions that might influence an employee to support or oppose a policy in Principle.
In this respect to other frames, the administrative burden perception can create a systematic bias which can lead to misinformed decisions and judgments, therefore the dimensions of evaluation which involves the weakness,…...
mlaReferences
Barry C. Burden, David Canon, Kenneth R. Mayer, and Donald P. Moynihan. The Effect of Administrative Burden on Bureaucratic Perception of Policies: Evidence from Election Administration. Retrieved August 24, 2012 from https://mywebspace.wisc.edu/bcburden/web/admin_burden.pdf
Enabling New Business Models through Information SystemsIntroductionUber, Spotify, and Airbnb are three companies that have revolutionized their respective industries through the use of information systems (IS). All three companies use data-driven technologies to facilitate their services. Uber uses GPS, mapping, and other location technology to provide efficient ride-hailing services. Spotify uses music streaming technology to provide easy access to millions of songs from all over the world. Airbnb uses an online platform to enable people to easily find and book short-term accommodations. In each case, policy makers involved in the use of IS must ensure that the appropriate IT infrastructure and software solutions are in place to support the business model of the organization, as well as the security of data. They also oversee the development and implementation of any new technologies that may be needed to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the system. For this paper, a local…...
mlaReferences
Aitzhanova, M., Jangeldinova, M., Kadyr, A., Tuganov, D., El-Thalji, I., & Turkyilmaz, A. (2021, March). Smart ticketing system for kazakhstan public transport: Challenges and the way forward. In 2021 IEEE European Technology and Engineering Management Summit (E-TEMS) (pp. 46-51). IEEE.
Bian, J., Li, W., Zhong, S., Lee, C., Foster, M., & Ye, X. (2022). The end-user benefits of smartphone transit apps: a systematic literature review. Transport Reviews, 42(1), 82-101.
Brall, C., Schröder-Bäck, P., & Maeckelberghe, E. (2019). Ethical aspects of digital health from a justice point of view. European journal of public health, 29(Supplement_3), 18-22.
For the public sector, performance management is a valuable process. Organizations increasingly rely on performance data to make decisions relating to various organizational processes, including strategic planning, internal management, resource allocation, reporting, as well as monitoring and evaluation. This is what performance management is all about -- continuous measurement of performance, definition of performance objectives and outcomes, communication of the outcomes, and taking action based on those outcomes. As demonstrated by literature, implementing PBM can be viewed as implementing organizational change: it requires assessment of the status quo, defining the organization's desired future state, and undertaking action to achieve that state. For this to be achieved, however, a number of factors are important: strong leadership commitment, organizational culture changes, as well as attention to individual, operational, and strategic dimensions. If effectively implemented, PBM can positively influence employee and organizational outcomes.
Performance Management: Brief Literature Review
With the operational environment becoming ever more…...
Organizational Change in the Public Sector
This research proposal explores the feasibility of management in the public Sector as an organizational paradigm and new model in organizational development. The literature review reviews numerous journal articles that explore on the key concepts of change management strategies from a public sector project management perspective. The authors suggest that employee's participation, effective feedback across the board, and empowerment of subordinate staffs is a major step in transforming public organizations. This proposal further hypothesis that establishment of long-term and productivity advantages are crucial throughout the organization.
SCOPE AND PURPOSE
Research Questions
Hypotheses:
LITERATURE REVIEW
Factor 1: Need for change
Factor 2: implement a Plan for change
Factor 3: create political internal environment for Change
Factor 4: Support and Commitment from managers
Factor 5: enhancing External Support
Factor 6: Provide Resources for change
Factor 7: establish Change
Factor 8: ascertain comprehensive Change
Determinants of implementing change in organizations
Change efficiency
Social cognitive theory
Change valence
Motivation Theory
Testing the Hypothesis
22 CONCLUSION
23 ILIOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION
One of the…...
mlaBIBLIOGRAPHY
Abramson, Mark A., and Paul R .Lawrence .2001. The Challenge of Transforming
Administration and its influence on organizational change. Management Decision,
50(10), 1843-1860, Review 62: 555-67.
Armenakis, Achilles A ., and Arthur G .Bedeian .1999 .Organizational Change: A Review of Associates.
In this order of ideas, both private and public companies desire to possess and use the latest technologies on the market as to increase the performances of their operations. Take for instance the case of a new and better accounting software. This will not only be sold to private companies, but also to the entities in the public sector. As such, the strategic approach of the technologies used by the two types of companies is also similar, with the specification that private companies are sometimes better financially equipped to make the desired purchases.
In terms of financial strategies, both organizations wish to attract various investors to fund their operations. Whereas the private companies issue stocks, bonds or engage in other types of financial operations to retrieve funds from interested investors, the public companies often find it more difficult to attract the needed funds. Take for instance the case of a…...
mlaReferences
Kickert, W.J.M., Klijn, E.H., Koppenjan, J.F., 1997, Managing Complex Networks: Strategies for the Public Sector, SAGE Publications
Whicker, M.L., Areson, T.W., 1990, Public Sector Management, Praeger Publishers
Leadership is a challenging endeavor in any sector. In the public sector, however, leadership tends to be particularly more challenging. Public sector leaders often have to work with fewer resources to address increasingly complex challenges. In addition, effective leadership in the public sector is vital for not only driving employee motivation and performance, but also ensuring efficient performance of government agencies and the government in general (McCarthy, 2015). Indeed, leadership is important for effective public governance -- transparency, accountability, planning, efficiency, and so forth (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development [OECD], 2001). Another challenge stems from the fact that public sector leaders operate within a conundrum of bureaucratic rules, processes, and processes, which affect processes such as communication, delegation, and teamwork (Teelken, Ferlie & Dent, 2012). In essence, leaders in the public sector face different challenges compared to their counterparts in the private sector, making public sector leadership an especially…...
Most of our example essays dealing on immigration and the economy focus on the United States, so we cannot point you towards a handy on-point example essay that will outline the format and give you a good idea of the type of content you should have. However, we can still give you a great starting point for an essay about the interaction of immigration and the economy in the UK. In your essay, you could look at several different factors that impact the economy. These factors include the number of available workers,....
I. Introduction
Define New Public Management (NPM) and its key principles
Thesis statement: The influence of NPM has significantly altered Canadian governments in various aspects.
II. NPM's Impact on Government Structures
Decentralization and devolution of authority
Creation of quasi-market mechanisms within government
Introduction of performance-based budgeting and management systems
III. NPM's Influence on Government Services
Shift towards contracting out and outsourcing of services
Focus on customer satisfaction and service quality improvement
Emphasis on cost-effectiveness and efficiency
IV. NPM and the Role of Citizens
Reduced emphasis on public participation and civic engagement
Increased use of citizen surveys and performance indicators as measures of accountability
....
1. "The Role of Public Administration in Promoting Social Welfare"
2. "Challenges and Opportunities in Public Sector Management"
3. "Ethical Considerations in Public Administration"
4. "The Impact of Technology on Public Service Delivery"
5. "Accountability and Transparency in Public Administration"
6. "Ensuring Efficiency and Effectiveness in Public Agencies"
7. "The Importance of Leadership in Public Administration"
8. "Addressing Inequality through Public Policy"
9. "Collaboration and Partnerships in Public Administration"
10. "Public Sector Innovation and Change Management"
11. "Fostering Citizen Engagement in Public Decision-Making"
12. "Sustainability and Environmental Policies in Public Administration"
13. "Crisis Management and Emergency Response in Public Services"
14. "Promoting Diversity and Inclusion in Public Organizations"
15. "The Role of Public Administration....
1. The Role of Public Administration in Enhancing Government Accountability and Transparency
2. Innovations in Public Administration: Technology and the Digital Transformation of Government
3. The Impact of Globalization on Public Administration: Challenges and Opportunities
4. Public Administration and Sustainable Development: Balancing Economic Growth and Environmental Protection
5. The Importance of Ethical Leadership in Public Administration
6. Public Administration and Citizen Engagement: Fostering Collaboration and Inclusivity
7. The Role of Public Administration in Disaster Management and Emergency Response
8. The Challenges and Importance of Public Administration in Developing Countries
9. The Impact of Social Media on Public Administration: Communication, Transparency, and Accountability
10. The Role of Public Administration in....
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