Malnutrition / Obesity Due to Low Wages
This paper delves into the direct affects of minimum wages on eating habits of people. People die of starvation and malnutrition but with the advent of genetically modified food and other such technologies the number of people dying due to obesity is also on an increase. In this paper I shall discuss why the poverty stricken people are more prone to obesity as opposed to those who fare well and also briefly discuss the cases of malnutrition mainly in Latin America.
Before we discuss the affects of low wages on malnutrition it is important to truly understand what malnutrition is. Malnutrition is a condition of nutritional deficiency including under-nutrition and micronutrient deficiencies such as deficiency of calories, protein, vitamins, and minerals interacting with infections and other poor health and social conditions. (Elizabeth I. ansom and Leslie K. Elder) Starvation in addition to the unpleasant and…...
mlaReferences:
1) Carol Propper-Why economics is good for your health? Publication Year: 2004. Working Paper No. 05/116.Page Number:6+
2) Donna Eberwine -- Article Title: Globesity: The Crisis of growing proportions. Magazine Title: Perspectives in Health Magazine.Volume:7.Number:3.Publication Year: 2002. Page Number: 1
3) Kennedy, E. Article Title: "The Global Face of Nutrition: What Can Governments and Industry Do?." Journal Title: The Journal of Nutrition. Publication Year: 2005.Page Number: 913+
4) Carlos Quintanilla-Alarming malnutrition in Latin America. Available from: [Accessed on: 11/11/2005]http://www.change-links.org/Malnutrition.htm
Malnutrition Education Intervention
Nursing Education
Malnutrition Education Intervention for Mercy Medical Center Redding
Malnutrition Education Intervention for Mercy Medical Center Redding
The Mercy Medical Center in Redding, California, a 267-bed non-profit level II trauma center within the Dignity Health healthcare system (Mercy Medical Center Redding, 2013), appears to be unaware of a growing concern about the impact of inpatient malnutrition on health care outcomes. A word search on Mercy's website using the word 'malnutrition' retrieved only one result and this document discusses malnutrition in a patient resource guide ("Search," 2014). The lack of apparent concern about inpatient malnutrition among hospital clinicians and administrators is not atypical of many U.S. hospitals, but a few have begun to take this issue seriously (Vesely, 2014). Close to one-third of all patients admitted to hospitals in the U.S. are estimated to suffer from malnutrition (Vesely, 2014, p. 32), whether due to unexplained weight loss, loss of appetite, or…...
Diet as an Effective Treatment for Malnutrition
People usually associate malnutrition with starvation and famine, which is a common occurrence among famine- and war-ridden countries usually located in the African continent. Most often, malnutrition is perceived as synonymous with hunger or improper food diet and unhealthy eating habits. These perceptions regarding malnutrition are only half-right. While it is true that malnutrition is a result of improper food diet and unhealthy eating habits, malnutrition is a health disorder not only associated with hunger, but also with overeating. Technically defined, malnutrition is a "dietary condition caused by a deficiency or excess of one or more essential nutrients in the diet" (italicized words provided for by the researcher) (Microsoft Encarta 2002). This definition means that malnutrition is a health disorder that results from either (a) excessive intake of improper food diet or (b) deficient or lack of intake of the proper food diet.…...
mlaBibliography
Beers, M. And R. Berkow. "The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy." Merck & Co., Inc. Web site. 29 May 2003 http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section1/chapter2/2a.htm.
Food Guide Pyramid." MEDLINE Plus Health Information -- Medical Encyclopedia Web site. 29 May 2003 http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/9337.htm .
Grigsby, D. "Malnutrition." 20 March 2002. eMedicine.com, Inc. Web site. 29 May 2003 http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic1360.htm .
Guarino, A. "Malnutrition Impairs U.S. Children's Health Behavior, Says LSU AgCenter Food and Nutrition Expert." 20 December 2002. Louisiana State University AgCenter Communications Web site. 29 May 2003 http://www.lsuagcenter.com/news/January2003/NewsUse/MalnutritionImpairsUSChildrensHealthBehavior.asp .
Tissues that are likely to suffer the most irreversible damage are nervous tissue. Children who are chronically malnourished during development show a number of nervous system defects, including reduced behavioral and social functioning, and increased anxiety, irritability, apathy, and neuromuscular diseases. Further, heart tissue and kidney tissue are also vulnerable, as congenital heart disease and chronic renal failure are associated with malnutrition (Grigsby, 2003). In contrast, subcutaneous tissues can often increase to a near-normal level when adequate calories are introduced.
In conclusion, children are highly vulnerable to lasting cellular and tissue damage as a result of malnutrition or starvation. The risk is highest during early childhood and infancy, and lack of energy, protein and nutrients can interfere with functions of individual cells and tissues by disrupting biochemical, metabolic processes and protein synthesis.
eferences
Grigsby, Donna G., MD. 2003. Malnutrition. EMedicine, Last Updated: December 18, 2003.…...
mlaReferences
Grigsby, Donna G., MD. 2003. Malnutrition. EMedicine, Last Updated: December 18, 2003. http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic1360.htm
Malnutrition and Children in the U.S.
How serious is the effect of undernourishment and malnutrition on children and infants? According to The orld Bank, a child that is undernourished can expect "devastating and enduring" problems in life. Behavioral and cognitive development can be impaired, and whether or not a child is well-nourished in his or her first years can have "a profound effect on his or her health status" (orld Bank). This paper reviews the results of undernourishment and malnourishment on children, and suggests ways to reduce childhood malnutrition and the undernourishment of children in the United States.
American Kids Do Go Hungry
A report broadcast by ABC News reveals that up to 17 million children struggle daily with what is called "food insecurity"; that is, one in four children do not have access to "enough nutritious food to live a healthy life" (Brown, 2011). ABC New got its data from a study…...
mlaWorks Cited
Brown, K. (2011). Shocking Need: American Kids Go Hungry. ABC News. Retrieved April
4, 2014, from http://abcneews.go.com.
Feeding America. (2013). Call Congress! Take Action. Retrieved April 4, 2014, from http://feedingamerica.org .
World Bank. (2011). Nutrition. Retrieved April 4, 2014, from http://web.worldbank.org .
According to UNCEF, replacement of many nutrients such as protein, potassium, magnesium and zince is essential for recovery from malnutrition (http://www.unicefusa.org/news/news-from-the-field/treating-malnutrition-as.html).The organization mentions ready-to-use therapeutic foods such as F75 and Plumpy'nut. F75 is high in energy, fat, and protein, and provide a large amount of nutrients while Plumpy'nut contains vitamins A, B-complex, C, D, E, and K, and minerals calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, zinc, copper, iron, iodine, sodium, and selenium.
WHO advises that a diet rich in fruit and vegetables contains immune-system boosting mironutrients that can help those suffering from over nourishment to boost their body's natural defenses against infectious diseases (http://www.wpro.who.int/media_centre/press_releases/pr_20030304.htm)...
mlaIn the United States, food is more readily available than in developing countries. Yet, there are still amply cases of malnutrition. The types I've cases I've seen while growing up have stemmed from the economic realities of low-income households who lacked the financial resources for food and/or the education and awareness to make good nutritional decisions and to seek the appropriate assistance to help their families.
According to UNICEF, replacement of many nutrients such as protein, potassium, magnesium and zince is essential for recovery from malnutrition ( organization mentions ready-to-use therapeutic foods such as F75 and Plumpy'nut. F75 is high in energy, fat, and protein, and provide a large amount of nutrients while Plumpy'nut contains vitamins A, B-complex, C, D, E, and K, and minerals calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, zinc, copper, iron, iodine, sodium, and selenium.http://www.unicefusa.org/news/news-from-the-field/treating-malnutrition-as.html ).The
WHO advises that a diet rich in fruit and vegetables contains immune-system boosting mironutrients that can help those suffering from over nourishment to boost their body's natural defenses against infectious diseases ( http://www.wpro.who.int/media_centre/press_releases/pr_20030304.htm )
It could be something else entirely, or a blend of several different reasons.
In other words, first the anthropologist has to educate him or herself about the Mali culture, the mother and child bond and how infants are fed and why. Based on learning these cultural norms (and, assuming that the necessary foods can be obtained), it is necessary to develop a training course that will be understood and, more importantly, accepted by the Mali women. Just as it does not work to only drop off food and assume that it is being eaten properly and by the right individuals, it will not work to just develop training materials and hand them over.
Once again, these materials not only have to be understood, but accepted. If they are seen as an infringement or an indictment of their own values and abilities, they will not be used. There has to be buy…...
Tylenol Overdose
Health Sciences 101
The Health Impact of Acetaminophen Overdose
Acetaminophen (APAP) is a common over-the-counter (OTC), antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic that is more commonly known as Tylenol®, a product of Johnson & Johnson1. Overseas the drug is called paracetamol and is manufactured and sold by countless generic drug makers.
A number of concerns regarding the safety of APAP have arisen over the past several years, including liver and kidney toxicity and adverse cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary effects. This essay will provide an overview of APAP, its uses, and safety issues, with an emphasis on the cardiopulmonary system.
Mechanisms of APAP Activity
The analgesic and antipyretic activity of APAP was thought to be similar to other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications because it was believed to inhibit prostaglandin (PGE2) synthesis2,3. This assumption has not withstood the test of time, for either APAP or other popular OTC non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The main evidence against NSAIDs affecting PGE2 synthesis is…...
mlaWorks Cited
1. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Tylenol (TN): Substance summary (SID 7847284). PubChem 2011. Accessed 5 Nov 2011 at http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=7847284
2. Hamza M, Dionne RA. Mechanisms of non-opioid analgesics beyond cyclooxygenase enzyme inhibition. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2009; 2(1):1-14.
3. Kaufman G. Basic pharmacology of non-opioid analgesics. Nurs Stand 2010; 24(30):55-61.
4. Chan AT, Manson JE, Albert CM, Chae CU, Rexrode KM, Curhan GC, et al. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, acetaminophen, and the risk of cardiovascular events. Circulation 2006; 113(12):1578-1587.
Childhood (5-11years)
Cognitive development
Cognitive development is the development of the ability to reason and think. Children who are aged between 5 and 11 years develop the ability to think in concrete ways such as addition, subtraction, order (sorting and alphabets), transforming and so on. These processes are termed as being concrete since they are performed in presence of events and objects being thought about. Cognitive abilities allow children to process the sensory information which they collect.
Metacognition can take various forms such as having knowledge of when and how to use specific strategies for solving problems or learning. It refers to a thinking level which involves having active control over the thinking process used in learning situations. It is divided into three components, namely; metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive regulation and metacognitive experiences. This skill is integral to children's future cognitive development as it involves different types of metacognitive awareness which include declarative…...
mlaReferences
LearningRx Franchise Corp.(2014). Cognitive Stages for Child Development - Learning Requires Basic Cognitive Skills. Retrieved February 9, 2014 from http://www.learningrx.com/cognitive-stages-for-child-development.htm
Tese women endured extreme ardsips in order to fulfill teir roles. Tey often ad to live in almost starvation level circumstances, since most of te food ad to be given to te battle ready individuals. Often tey would toil for ours to find food, dig roots, and oter metods to see te fruits of teir labor be provided te figting men. Tey endured te malnutrition as well as miserable living conditions in order to provide sustenance for te group. Many times tey even endured cildbearing under inospitable surroundings (Soto, 44). As nurses, tey ealed te wounded and endured te contamination of dangerous diseases as well as nursed back to ealt many of te fallen men during te Revolution. Many of tem suffered severe infections and diseases as a result of contact wit te sick, many primary records reveal tat anywere from ten to twenty percent of te soldaderas contracted serious…...
mla1996.http://www.mexconnect.com/MEX/austin/revolution.html [Online]
Tuck, Jim. Poncho Villa and John Reed: Two Faces of Romantic Revolution. Tucson, Arizona. The University of Arizona Press, 1984.
Resendez-Fuentes, Andres. "Battleground Women: Soldaderas and Female Soldiers in the Mexican Revolution." Americas: A Quarterly Review of Inter-American Cultural History. 1995. 52(4): 525-553.
Income Distribution Gap
The global fiscal crisis will be borne by the millions of people who do not have a share in the benefits that were derived from the global economic expansions that occurred previously. Not only has the gap widened between low wage earners and high wage earners in nations across the globe, the world's income gap distribution has widened. Economists have long concluded that a limited degree of income inequality contributes to worker motivation, promotes innovation, and rewards talent and effort. Nevertheless, when income differences become too great, the dynamics become counter-productive. unaway income inequality is considered to be a destructive force, such that "rising income inequality represents a danger to the social fabric" ("Board of Canada," 2012). The repercussions from excessive income inequalities include children not attending school so they can contribute to household earnings by going to work, increased crime rates, lower life-expectancies, and malnutrition.
In the…...
mlaReferences
Acemoglu D (2009) Introduction to modern economic growth. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Card D. And DiNardo JE (2002). Skill biased technological change and rising wage inequality: Some problems and puzzles. Journal of Labor Economics, 20(4), 735.
Jones CI (2002) Introduction to economic growth (2nd ed.). New York, NY W.W. Norton.
Milanovic, B (2005) Worlds apart: Measuring international and global inequality, 180 -- 81. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Introduction There is a direct correlation between the lack of clean safe water for drinking and cooking with nutritional problems. The lack of clean drinking water leads to diseases like diarrhea. Nutritional deficiencies are directly related to lack of potable water. This is because a person does not get enough calories, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, or minerals in their body. Undernutrition has been associated with 45 percent of global deaths and nearly 7.4 percent of the world's children are at risk of undernutrition. Malnourished children have weakened immune systems that make them more susceptible to diarrhea when they are exposed to dirty water. The lack of clean water means that individuals will be living in non-sanitized environments and this increases the risk of suffering from diarrhea. People suffering from diarrhea will eat less and they are unable to absorb the nutrients they need from the food they eat, which results in malnutrition.…...
unicefusa.org/news/news-from-the-field/children-of-darfur-live-under.html
Save the Children, 'Sudan: Humanitarian Crisis', Accessed May 3rd 2008, available at http://www.savethechildren.org/emergencies/africa/
IRC, 'Food for Thought: Malnutrition's Insidious Impact on Children', Accessed May 4th 2008, Available at, http://www.theirc.org/news/food_for_thought_malnutrition-s_insidious_impact_on_children.html
IFPRI, 'Looking Ahead: Long-Term Prospects for Africa's Agricultural Development and Food Security," Accessed May 3rd 2008, available at, http://www.ifpri.org/2020/dp/vp41.asp
UNICEF, 'SUDAN Summary for 2005', Accessed May 3rd 2008, available at, http://www.unicef.org/media/files/sudan_summary2005.pdf
UN News, 'New UN Survey Reveals Alarming Malnutrition Rates among Darfur's Children', Accessed May 3rd 2008, available at http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=25178&Cr=sudan&Cr1
Charles W. Corey, 'United States has spent $1 illion in Feeding the Hungry in Darfur', Accessed May 3rd 2008, available at, http://usinfo.state.gov/af/Archive/2006/May/11-849194.html
Save the Children, ' Save the Children in Sudan', Accessed May 3rd 2008, available at http://www.savethechildren.org/countries/africa/sudan.html
Tash Shifrin, 'Sudan on the Verge of Mass Starvation," Guardian, May 24, 2004
USINFO, 'Success in Measles Control', Accessed May 4th 2008, available at http://usinfo.state.gov/journals/itgic/0307/ijge/success.htm
UNICEF, 'New Southern Sudan Government and UN Launch Measles Immunization Campaign', Accessed May 5th 2008, available at…...
mlaBibliography
Oxfam, 'Sudan: Darfur Crisis," Accessed May 3rd 2008, available at http://www.oxfam.org/en/programs/emergencies/sudan/
UNICEF, 'Children of Darfur live Under a Mantle of Fear', Accessed May 3rd 2008, available at, http://www.unicefusa.org/news/news-from-the-field/children-of-darfur-live-under.html
Save the Children, 'Sudan: Humanitarian Crisis', Accessed May 3rd 2008, available at http://www.savethechildren.org/emergencies/africa/
IRC, 'Food for Thought: Malnutrition's Insidious Impact on Children', Accessed May 4th 2008, Available at, http://www.theirc.org/news/food_for_thought_malnutrition-s_insidious_impact_on_children.html
he white paper cites several other studies as the basis for the argument, but does not provide a Reference List
Quendler, S. "Link Between Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Academic Achievement." Vienna University, Austria. (August, 2002): 1-2/. Available at http://chp.ilsi.org/NR/rdonlyres/AFE7EC1D-17D0-494C-BC0B-4E0E065627A8/0/linkbetweennutritionachievement.pdf Accessed 23 October 2008.
his study confirmed the connection between poor nutrition and academic performance. It also identified low-income children as being at particular risk of poor nutrition. his study supports the need for programs to improve childhood nutritional status.
Schultz, . "
Productive Benefits of Health: Evidence from Low-Income Countries,"
IZA Discussion Papers 1482, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). (2005). Available at http://ideas.repec.org/p/iza/izadps/dp1482.html
Investment behavior and combined income of two people makes it difficult to link better health with economic prosperity. Heterogeneity in the sample also affected the survey results. his study highlights some of the factors that may affect this research study.
homas, D. And Frankenberg, E. "Health, nutrition, and prosperity: a microeconomic…...
mlaThis study found that workplace meal programs can prevent micronutrient deficiencies, reducing the number of chronic diseases in the workplace. This study found that investments in better worker nutrition increased productivity by as much as 20% and improved workplace morale. This study provides an excellent foundation for the current research study.
Washington State Department of Health. "Employer-Based Health and Productivity Program." Available from: www.doh.wa.gov/cfh/NutritionPa/our_work_sites/default.htm. Accessed 23 October 2008.
This website highlights an initiative by the Washington State Department of Health, which provides grants to help employers offers wellness programs. The focus of these wellness programs is on increasing physical activity and providing healthy food choices. The purpose of the program is to prevent chronic disease, thus increasing work productivity. This program could be a model for similar programs in the future.
Nursing Flyer
The Benefits of Membership in the Academy of Medical-Surgical Nurses (AMSN)
The Academy of Medical-Surgical Nurses (AMSN) is one of the largest nursing organizations in the United States, with over 10,000 members (AMSN, 2012). Medical-surgical (MS) nurses practice in a variety of settings, including impatient, outpatient, and the homes of patients. The AMSN exists to help promote the professional development of MS nurses, improve patient care, and through collaboration influence healthcare policy impacting patient care. The mission of AMSN is to strive for excellence in MS nursing, while its vision is to work continuously toward patient care excellence.
Benefits
All nursing professionals, whether AMSN members or not, can take advantage of the CMSN certification study aids, attend the annual convention, access the MEDSUG Nursing journal and newsletters, look for a job in the career center, study the MS standards of nursing, and network with other MS nurses (AMSN, n.d.). But why settle…...
mlaReferences
AMSN. (2012). AMSN priority agenda (2012). Retrieved from http://www.amsn.org/sites/default/files/documents/about-amsn/strategic-plan/AMSN-Priority-Agenda-2012.pdf .
AMSN. (n.d.). Benefits of membership. Retrieved from http://www.amsn.org/membership/membership-overview/benefits-membership .
Fights, S.D. (2012). Nurses lead from where we stand: How can you impact the future of nursing? MedSurg Nursing, 21(2), 57-8.
IOM & RWJF. (2011). The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
The government can play a crucial role in supporting schools in rural areas by implementing various measures. Here are some ways in which the government can help:
1. Infrastructure development: The government can provide funds for the construction and renovation of school buildings, classrooms, libraries, laboratories, and other essential facilities. This will ensure that rural schools have adequate physical infrastructure to provide quality education.
2. Technology integration: The government can facilitate the integration of technology in rural schools by providing funds for the purchase of computers, projectors, internet connectivity, and other necessary equipment. This will enhance the teaching and learning experience for....
Title: The Plight of Vulnerable Angels: Abuse Against Children with Special Needs
Introduction:
In the tapestry of life, there exist individuals who require our utmost care and protection: children with special needs. These extraordinary souls, often possessing unique abilities and challenges, deserve a world that embraces their differences and ensures their well-being. Sadly, the reality is that some of these vulnerable angels are subjected to abuse, a heinous crime that robs them of their innocence and dignity. This essay delves into the topic of abuse against children with special needs, exploring its various forms, the devastating impact it has on their lives,....
Title: "Trapped in the Shadows: The Interwoven Web of Human Trafficking and Homelessness"
Introduction:
Human trafficking and homelessness are two pressing issues that plague our society, often coexisting in a vicious cycle. This essay delves into the intricate relationship between human trafficking and homelessness, shedding light on the shared vulnerabilities that perpetuate both crises. By examining the root causes, common risk factors, and the devastating consequences faced by victims, this paper aims to foster a deeper understanding of these interconnected problems and advocate for comprehensive solutions.
Body:
I. Shared Vulnerabilities:
A. Poverty and Socioeconomic Disparities:
1. Discuss the link between poverty and increased susceptibility to trafficking....
Homelessness: A Social Crisis and Human Tragedy
Introduction:
Homelessness, a multifaceted issue that plagues countless lives, demands urgent attention and comprehensive understanding. It is a complex phenomenon with far-reaching consequences, affecting physical and mental health, socioeconomic well-being, and the stability of communities. This essay explores a range of topics related to homelessness, delving into its causes, effects, and potential solutions.
Topic 1: Causes of Homelessness
Socioeconomic factors: Poverty, unemployment, lack of affordable housing
Personal factors: Mental illness, substance abuse, domestic violence
Systemic factors: Inadequate social support systems, discriminatory housing practices
Topic 2: Effects of Homelessness
Physical health: Increased risk of chronic diseases, malnutrition, injuries
....
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