ACA
There have been many problems with the Affordable Care Act since its inception. When it was a bill, it was contested, and the final form of the law reflected a lot of compromises that weakened it. Then there was the rollout fiasco in the autumn of 2013, with site crashes preventing people from signing up (Cohen, 2013). While people are now able to sign up, a lot of people who are supposed to be enrolling are not, yet another twist in the saga (Le Masurier, 2014). Beyond all of this, there is still the question of the impact that the bill will have on the medical system -- adding millions of new patients without increasing capacity is a recipe for disaster by any standard of operations management. Some people are paying more money for less coverage, and the tighter coverage for seniors under Medicare, under the guise of cost-cutting, displeases…...

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References

Angle, J. (2014). Administration adds major exemption for Obamacare individual mandate. Fox News. Retrieved April 21, 2014 from  http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2014/03/13/administration-adds-major-new-exemption-for-obamacare-individual-mandate/ 

Cohen, T. (2013) Rough Obamacare rollout: 4 reasons why. CNN. Retrieved April 21, 2014 from  http://www.cnn.com/2013/10/22/politics/obamacare-website-four-reasons/ 

Ebner, C. (2012). How would eliminating the individual mandate affect health coverage and premium costs? Rand Health. Retrieved April 21, 2014 from  http://www.rand.org/health/feature/individual-mandate.html 

Kasperkevic, J. (2014). Millennials on Obamacare: What do you mean, affordable? The Guardian. Retrieved April 21, 2014 from  http://www.theguardian.com/money/2014/apr/06/millennials-obamacare-insurance-cost-health-invincible

Oral Presentation: The Individual Mandate and Young People
One of the reasons that the 'individual mandate' was such a critical component of the Affordable Care Act -- the mandate requiring all Americans to have health insurance -- was that it was designed to encourage younger, healthier people to sign up for insurance rather than pay a penalty. It was deemed essential to have healthier people with fewer health complaints in the insurance 'risk pool' to ensure that healthcare costs in America did not spiral out of control. This paper will examine this specific aspect of healthcare reform and to attempt to understand firstly if this is true (if increasing the number of young people signing up for healthcare will reduce costs overall) and how the government has attempted to encourage young people to sign up for such insurance.

Young people are thought to be "a group avidly sought by insurers because they…...

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References

Health care reform. (2014). Monster. Retrieved from:

 http://hiring.monster.com/hr/hr-best-practices/workforce-management/employee-benefits-management/health-care-reform.aspx 

Kagan, P. (2014). Dear young people: Please sign up for health insurance. Retrieved from:

U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved from: http://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2014/01/24/why-young-people-should-sign-up-for-obamacare

legality of the "individual mandate" to purchase health insurance
There have always been heated debates about the amount of interference government should have in our lives. epresentative Michele Bachmann of Minnesota perhaps summed it up best when she commented that "If the federal government can tell you, when you are not doing anything, that you must do something, then the federal government can tell you anything," (Mears 2012). This sentiment was echoed by many, politicians and just plain citizens alike, as the fiercely debated issue of mandatory health insurance continued to command the spotlight.

Is health insurance really just a "product," as many suggest? This may be the case, but when we are purchasing a service that affects us, literally, so close to home, there is much more at stake than there is when purchasing a different service, such as automobile insurance. It is difficult to separate the issues from the…...

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References

British History Online. University of London and History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved electronically on May 3, 2012 from  http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=47463 

Mears, Bill. Supreme Court divided over health care mandate. Retrieved electronically on May

3, 2012 from  http://www.cnn.com/2012/03/27/justice/scotus-health-care/index.html 

Specific performance definition from The Free Dictionary by Farlex. Retrieved electronically

The individual mandate is arguably one of the least popular provisions of the Obamacare, the health reform law that was enacted in 2010. Obamacare has received considerable attention in the past few years because of rising health insurance premiums. The rising health insurance premiums were at the center of the 2016 U.S. presidential elections campaign. Following President Trump’s election, Republican lawmakers have moved swiftly to repeal Obamacare’s individual mandate. GOP senators are trying to repeal the individual mandate based on the argument that it would give them an extra $338 billion over 10 years for their proposed tax cuts (Luhby, 2017). Additionally, repealing this provision would also fulfill Republican lawmakers’ vow to dismantle Obamacare. Repealing and removing the individual health insurance mandate would have significant impacts on the costs of health insurance and the healthcare system. The Case of the Individual Mandate
The individual health insurance mandate in the Patient Protection and…...

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA)
One of the most significant recent U.S. Supreme Court decisions was the Court's validation of the PPACA's individual mandate, requiring virtually all Americans (with some exceptions) to purchase health insurance. The individual mandate was a critical component of the ability of the Act to function as it was designed by legislators. It was essential that people who were relatively healthy and young were insured to expand the risk pool of the insured given that preexisting conditions were no longer allowed to be grounds for denying people health insurance. This ensured that people would not simply wait until they were sick to seek out insurance. However, it is worth noting that there were numerous exceptions to this provision, including "undocumented immigrants, religious objectors, and people who are incarcerated" and those for whom paying the penalty for being non-insured would cause a financial hardship (Musumeci 2012:…...

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References

Cole, D. (2012). Obamacare upheld: How and why did Justice Roberts do it. The Nation.

 http://www.thenation.com/blog/168655/obamacare-upheld-how-and-why-did-justice-roberts-do-it# 

Musumeci, M (2012). A guide to the Supreme Court's Affordable Care Act decision. Kaiser Family Foundation. Focus on Health Reform.

Over 100 law professors agree on Affordable Care Act's constitutionality. (2012).

Individual Project
Letter to Client

The consulting project was a tremendous success, and it was wonderful working with you. I can only hope that you are continuing with the great work that we started. This report will discuss the project from my perspective, and provide you with valuable insights and context into the work that we have done over the past several months.

The first section of the report describes the company and the sector in which it operates. The second section describes how I entered into the project and conveys my opening impressions and the information that I was able to gather through our initial discussions. This information was essential to framing the project.

The next section is about the diagnosis and the objectives. This section describes the grand objective that we talked about, the sub-objectives, as well as the structure of the multiple iterations.

After a note about human subject protection, I describe…...

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References

Cooperrider, D. & Whitney, D. (2014). What is appreciative inquiry? Appreciative Inquiry; Retrieved July 15, 2014 from  http://appreciativeinquiry.case.edu/intro/whatisai.cfm 

Hill, R. (2014). Appreciative inquiry; MindTools.com. Retrieved July 15, 2014 from  http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMC_85.htm 

O'Brien, R. (1998). An overview of the methodological approach of action research; University of Toronto. Retrieved July 15, 2014 from http://www.web.ca/robrien/papers/arfinal.html

Schein, E. (1995). Process consultation, action research and clinical inquiry: Are they the same? Working Paper No. 3833.

History Of Health Care Mandate
The signing of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) by President Obama must be considered a landmark event in the history of the nation regardless of how one views the constitutionality of the legislation. Passage of the legislation marked the end of a long and acrimonious debate and brought the United States in line with the rest of the developed world in terms of providing universal health coverage to its citizens (Orszag, 2010). Unfortunately, the debate over the constitutionality of the ACA did not end with Obama's signing of the legislation as within days several different states filed suit against the law's requirement that most Americans purchase health; against the health care mandate.

The health care mandate was first offered as an option by the conservative think tank, the Heritage Foundation, as an option to the single-payer system that had been historically supported by Democrats and liberals (Ponnuru,…...

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References

Block, S. (2010, April 29). IRS Lacks Clout to Enforce Mandatory Health Insurance. USA Today, pp. www.usatoday.com/money/perfi/insurance/2010-04-29 healthirs28_CV_N.htm?loc=interstitialskip.

Jost, T.S. (2010). Health Insurance Exchanges and the Affordable Care Act: Eight Difficult Issues. Lexington, VA: Washington and Lee University School of Law.

Orszag, P.R. (2010, August 12). Health Care Reform and Cost Control. New England Journal of Medicine, pp. 601-603.

Ponnuru, R. (2012, March 27). The History of the Individual Mandate. Retrieved from National Review Online:  http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/294585/history-individual-mandate-ramesh-ponnuru

Health insurance coverage is one of the major issues at the core of initiatives to reform the United States health sector. This issue has attracted considerable attention in health reform initiatives because of the relatively high number of uninsured and underinsured people in the country. The United States has a high number of uninsured and underinsured populations despite the increased federal expenditures on health. Recent healthcare reform legislation has sought to address this issue through various ways including the introduction of the mandate to buy health insurance. The mandate is essentially an individual or employer mandate to obtain private health insurance coverage. However, the individual mandate is one of the controversial provisions of the Affordable Care Act and has been the subject of numerous lawsuits. In addition, legislation has been enacted against the mandate to buy health insurance. This paper discusses lawsuits and legislation involved against the mandate to purchase…...

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References

Blake, V. (2012, November). The Constitutionality of the Affordable Care Act: An Update. AMA Journal of Ethics. Retrieved from  

Campbell, A.L. & Shore-Sheppard, L. (2020, July). The Social, Political, and Economic Effects of the Affordable Care Act: Introduction to the Issue. The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, 6(2), 1-40.

Geruso, M. & Layton, T.J. (2017). Selection in Health Insurance Markets and Its Policy Remedies. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 31(4), 23-50.

Goldstein, A. (2019, December 19). Individual Mandate Ruled Unconstitutional, ACA in Limbo. The Washington Post. Retrieved February 12, 2021, from  https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/appeals-court-rules-acas-individual-mandate-unconstitutional-lower-court-to-decide-whether-rest-of-law-can-stand-without-it/2019/12/18/3443fd3e-c03c-11e9-b873-63ace636af08_story.html 

Hackmann, M.B., Kolstad, J.T. & Kowalski, A.E. (2015, March). Adverse Selection and an Individual Mandate: When Theory Meets Practice. American Economic Review, 105(3), 1030-1066.

Keith, K. (2018, February 28). State Lawsuit Claims That Individual Mandate Penalty Repeal Should Topple Entire ACA. Health Affairs. Retrieved January 14, 2021, from  https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20180228.852626/full/ 

Roy, A. (2012). The Tortuous History of Conservatives and the Individual Mandate. Forbes. Retrieved February 12, 2021, from  https://www.forbes.com/sites/theapothecary/2012/02/07/the-tortuous-conservative-history-of-the-individual-mandate/?sh=7514bd6a55fe 

Sheikh, S.A. (2007, January). The Importance of Ethics in Health Care System. Journal of the Dow University of Health Sciences, 1(1), 46-48.https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/constitutionality-affordable-care-act-update/2012-11 

In an ideal world, every single person would be able to afford the medical care and attention they need throughout their lifespan. The Affordable Care Act, colloquially called Obamacare, set as its goal eventual universal healthcare coverage. Unfortunately, Obamacare has not promoted the ultimate goal of providing affordable healthcare for all Americans. Mandating healthcare insurance does help reduce disparities in access to affordable and necessary interventions, tests, and treatments. As idealistic as Obamacare is, the policy has not reduced the costs of healthcare but it does represent a step in the right direction towards distinguishing between the profit motive in healthcare insurance and the ethical obligation to create a more caring and egalitarian society. The Affordable Care Act used mandated insurance coverage as its main policy initiative for several reasons, both fiscal and humanitarian. As Gruber (2012) points out, about 12 million employed Americans were not receiving coverage from their employers…...

United States, the federal government attempts only to step in on state regulation of civil matters when the issue is ubiquitous enough to cover national importance. In such cases, the federal government issues mandate laws, that force states to adhere to federal regulations on certain matters, which are often required to be funded by the federal government in order to take the burden off of the state itself. There are a number of mandate laws here in the United States, including the Wages and the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) and the Affordable Care Act (ACA), which impact not only the way citizens experience their daily lives but also the fiscal and budgetary operations of public organizations.
First, the Fair Labor and Standards Act was passed by the federal government in order to assure employees in the United States received a fair wage and were not exploited by their employers.…...

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References

Congressional Budget Justification. (2015). Wage and Hour Division. United States Department of Labor. Web.  https://www.dol.gov/dol/budget/2015/PDF/CBJ-2015-V2-09.pdf 

Kaiser Family Foundation. (2013). Federal funding under the Affordable Care Act. Focus on Health Reform. Web. https://kaiserfamilyfoundation.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/8301.pdf

Obamacare Facts. (2015). Obamacare: Employer mandate. Small Businesses. Web.  http://obamacarefacts.com/obamacare-employer-mandate/ 

United States Department of Labor. (2013). Fact sheet: Application of the Fair Labor Standards Act. Final Rule. Web.  http://www.dol.gov/whd/regs/compliance/whdfsFinalRule.htm

There were also notable evaluation pointers, with a constant feedback mechanism used in order to further improve the learning process and the teaching skills.
One should, however, note, among issues to be improved in the future, the inability to uniformly distribute teaching attention among different areas of study. The example with Jenna is eloquent in this sense. The excitement over an obviously gifted child in certain areas led to the neglect in other important educational areas, even in terms of writing, a preferred subject otherwise. It seems sensible to suggest, in this case, that the encouragement of certain obvious capacities should be doubled by a uniform for of teaching, covering all relevant areas. The teaching portfolio may be improved with relevant experiences at reactions when attempting to modify negative reactions towards certain areas of study.

ibliography

1. Centra, John A. (1993) Reflective Faculty Evaluation. San Francisco: Jossey-ass Publishers, Inc.

2. Seldin, Peter and…...

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Bibliography

1. Centra, John A. (1993) Reflective Faculty Evaluation. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, Inc.

2. Seldin, Peter and Associates (1993) Successful Use of Teaching Portfolios. Belton, MA: Anker Publishing.

3. The Teaching Portfolio at Washington University. Last updated in December 2000. On the Internet at  http://www.wsu.edu/provost/teaching.htm 

The Teaching Portfolio at Washington University. Last updated in December 2000. On the Internet at

individuals who suffer or are harmed by juvenile crime have, in the past, been excluded or minimally involved in the adjudication (specifically the sentencing) of their cases for reasons of confidentiality rights accorded to accused juvenile offenders. However, this trend in recent years has changed. As the public has become more aware of the frequency and effects of juvenile crime, there has been a call from the citizenry to develop policies and practices that will not only prosecute those juveniles who have committed offences, but to include those who have been victimised in the court procedures. This move towards the establishment of victims' rights has made a fundamental modification to the juvenile justice system - victims are no longer viewed as passive onlookers, but involved participants in the system.
According to a joint project commissioned by the National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges and the U.S. Department of…...

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Bibliography

National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges & Office for Victims of Crime Resource Center, How to be Victim Friendly in Juvenile Court (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, 1997)

http://www.ncjfcj.unr.edu/homepage/today/VF_Home.htm]

Once this occurs, it means that many rouge nations will attempt to exert their influence in these areas. This is the point that the chances of any kind of hostilities will increase.
As a result, Penetta thinks that Congress should spare the Department of Defense any kind of severe budgetary cuts. Evidence of this can be seen with him saying, "The Defense Department is already shouldering its share of the deficit-reduction burden, including $350 billion in cuts over the next decade mandated by the udget Control Act. Those cuts are tough but manageable and do not pose any insurmountable national-security risks. ut any additional reductions in the Defense Department's budget would serious damage to our ability to be able to make the kind of changes in our defense structure that are responsible and that do protect this country for the future." (Scully) This is significant, because it is showing how…...

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Bibliography

Machiavelli, Niccolo. The Prince. New York: Forgotten Books, 1997. Print.

Scully, Megan. "Penetta Urges Lawmakers." Gov Exec, 2011. Web. 16 Nov. 2011.

Health Policy Analysis Part IIOptions AnalysisMandate Additional TrainingIn response to this public health crisis, Kentucky policymakers have a variety of options available to them. First, they could pass legislation requiring physicians to complete a certain amount of training on pain management and safe prescribing practices before being allowed to prescribe opioids. The current opioid epidemic in the United States has been labeled as the worst drug crisis in American history. In 2015, over 33,000 people died from an opioid overdose, and the majority of those deaths were caused by prescription opioids. In Kentucky, opioids are a major problem, with 1,404 overdose deaths in 2016. The high number of overdoses is due in part to the fact that opioids are very easy to obtain. In Kentucky, there are no limits on the amount of opioids that a physician can prescribe, and there is no mandatory training on pain management or safe…...

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ReferencesFink, D. S., Schleimer, J. P., Sarvet, A., Grover, K. K., Delcher, C., Castillo-Carniglia, A., ... & Cerdá, M. (2018). Association between prescription drug monitoring programs and nonfatal and fatal drug overdoses: a systematic review. Annals of internal medicine, 168(11), 783-790.Schnell, M., & Currie, J. (2018). Addressing the opioid epidemic: is there a role for physician education?. American journal of health economics, 4(3), 383-410.Scrivani, S. J., Keith, D. A., Kulich, R. J., DaSilva, A. F., Donoff, R. B., Handa, S., ... & Schatman, M. E. (2021). Pain management for dental medicine in 2021: Opioids, coronavirus and beyond. Journal of Pain Research, 14, 1371.Ti, L., Mihic, T., James, H., Shalansky, S., Legal, M., & Nolan, S. (2022). Implementation of an Opioid Stewardship Program to Promote Safer Opioid Prescribing. The Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, 75(2), 113-117.Young, S. G., Hayes, C. J., Aram, J., & Tait, M. A. (2019). Doctor hopping and doctor shopping for prescription opioids associated with increased odds of high?risk use. Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety, 28(8), 1117-1124.

No Child Left Behind Act
Both the No Child Left Behind Act and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) are fairly controversial pieces of legislation, particularly in the varying realms of public education that they affect. The former of these acts mandates that public schools must give yearly, standardized assessments of their students. The results of these assessments is largely the basis for federal funding to these schools. IDEA mandates assessments for students with learning differences and calls for the issuance of alternative assessments for those students who cannot complete the standardized assessments (Towles-eeves et al., 2009, p. 233). The problem is that critics of these pieces of legislation have alleged that all they do is shift the emphasis of education on testing and subsequent funding, rather than on comprehensive education.

Problem Statement

There are actually several different ways in which these two pieces of legislation are negatively impacting young children and…...

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References

Demma, R. (2010). Building ready states: A governor's guide to supporting a comprehensive, high-quality early childhood state systems. NGA Center for Best Practices. Retrieved from:  http://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED512711 

Kagan, S. L., & Kauerz, K. (2012). (4th ed.). Early childhood systems: transforming early learning. Teachers College.

Towles-Reeves, E., Kleinert, H., Muhomba, M. (2009). Alternate assessment: have we learned anything yet? Concerned for Exceptional Children. 75(2), 233-252.

1. The impact of the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) on access to healthcare in the United States
2. The effectiveness of Medicare and Medicaid in providing affordable healthcare to low-income and elderly populations
3. The future of universal healthcare in the United States
4. The role of pharmaceutical companies in rising healthcare costs
5. The importance of mental health coverage in healthcare policies
6. The debate over the privatization of healthcare services
7. The impact of electronic health records on patient care and privacy
8. The implications of genetic testing and personalized medicine on healthcare policy
9. The role of preventative care and public health initiatives in reducing....

The Affordable Care Act: Enhancing Healthcare Accessibility in America

The Affordable Care Act (ACA), also known as Obamacare, has been a transformative piece of legislation that has significantly impacted the healthcare landscape in the United States. This comprehensive law, enacted in 2010, has aimed to improve access to affordable health insurance, expand coverage to previously uninsured Americans, and enhance the overall quality of healthcare.

Expanding Coverage and Reducing Uninsurance Rates

One of the most significant impacts of the ACA has been its expansion of health insurance coverage. Prior to the ACA, millions of Americans were uninsured, facing financial barriers and lack of access....