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The New Humanitarian. https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2020/04/06/kenya-coronavirus-lockdowns Interview QuestionsThe purpose of this interpretative phenomenological analysis is to understand the coping behaviors of individuals living in rural South Africa, Nigeria, and Swaziland and who engage with informal institutions to cope during the COVID-19 pandemic.RQ1: How do individuals living in rural Africa use informal institutions to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic?First InterviewThe purpose of the first interview will be to develop a rapport with the participants and capture in-depth, context-specific information to aid in the development of participant profiles. Interview Questions Purpose of Question Variations of questions based on country: South Africa, Nigeria, Swaziland Tell me about who you live with and what your living situation is like. It provides context about the family\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s size and whether they live in a large compound and if they have children. Describe your role in the family. It provides context about whether or not they are a caregiver or if they are there because they support the family financially. What do you do for a living? Provides context about their responsibilities in the family and community. · Tell me about your community. · When was it established? · When did you join your community? · What were the circumstances surrounding your joining of the community? It provides context about the circumstances surrounding the community\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s establishment and why they joined that community and what the community might be struggling with. What resources are available in your community? It provides context about types of supports that might be available in the community. How do you cope when the resources you need are not available in the community? It provides context about how individuals obtain the resources they need. Tell me about your first memory of when you had to seek resources outside of the community? Provides a context of the resourcefulness of what is available within the community What was the reason for seeking the resources sought out of the community? Provides an overview of the sufficiency and availability of the resources within the community What has been the experience within the community when the first case of COVID-19 was announced in the country? Provides an understanding of the effect of COVID-19 at the community level, e.g., anxiety, panic, etc. How have the preventive measures put in place, e.g., lockdown, affected you in the community? This provides a context of the effects of the lockdown at a more practical level, especially on resources and strain on families How would you say the community is faring up to date? This provides a real-time picture of how the pandemic has affected the community and how it is thus far How was the infrastructure and structures within the community before COVID-19? Provides a picture and status of the community’s systems before COVID-19 to determine preparedness How have the structures and infrastructure within the community faired thus far with the effects of the pandemic? To create a picture of how the pandemic and the preventive measures have affected the community systems Do you have any memory of an event similar to COVID-19, whether conflict, natural disaster, etc.? Provides a picture of any prior experiences that might help in responding to the current crisis If answer yes;How did the effect of COVID-19 compare to that similar event? Provides a comparative background from which to gauge the response to the current COVID-19 challenges What measures have the community leaders put in place to strengthen the response to COVID-19 by the community? An indication of the community’s leadership status, the ability to adapt, and even the power to institute corrective measures indicates the community\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s status. Do you think the community is strong enough and well prepared to handle a crisis like COVID-19? Provides the interviewee’s opinion on the status of the community Are you satisfied with the measures being put in place to strengthen the community better? Provides an interviewee’s judgmental-based opinion on the improvements to make the community more resilient Second InterviewThe purpose of the second interview will be to collect data specific to the study’s research questions.RQ1: How do individuals living in rural Africa use informal institutions to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic? Interview Questions Purpose of Question Theoretical Framework Component Variations of questions based on country: South Africa, Nigeria, Swaziland Tell me about a recent time when someone in the community helped you or a family member cope with COVID.Prompt: What did you have to do to get this help? It indicates whether it is acceptable to the individual to seek support within the community. Cultural/ Cognitive perspective Tell me about a recent time when you had to seek resources outside the community. Prompt: What did you have to do to get this help? It indicates whether it is acceptable to the individual to seek support outside the community. Cultural perspective Tell me about any governmental support you have received during the COVID pandemic. Prompt: If they did not access, why did they choose to engage? Indicates their perspective on whether they feel the government is capable of giving them the support they need. Normative perspective Give me a recent example of a time when accepting help from the government was beneficial or detrimental. Indicates their perspective of whether there are fears or suspicion about government support due to formal laws and regulations. Regulatory perspective How does it make you feel when you have to ask for help outside the community?Inside the community? Subjective perspective Think back to a time when you sought help from within the community…. Indicates how prior experiences shape their response to COVID. Path dependency Think back to a time when you sought help from outside the community…. Indicates how prior experiences shape their response to COVID. Path dependency What help was sought, and why was it sought from outside the community? Indicates the resource inadequacies within the community Path dependency Are there other people, family members, or neighbors you know who also sought help outside the country? Indicates the vulnerability level within the community Path dependency Were there any improvements in the community to address the inadequacy? Indicates the preparedness of the community and the desire to make the community self-sufficient Path dependency Do you think the community has adequate resources to support all during a crisis? Provides the interviewee’s opinion Subjective perspective In your family, how has COVID-19 and the effects of the lockdown affected you? Indicates the toll that the pandemic has had on the community Subjective perspective What measures and adjustments have you put in place at the family level to cope with COVID-19? Provides an outlook of the severity of COVID to the family and how the pandemic has affected them Normative perspective Management of COVID-19 requires health professionals, security personnel, and financial resource; how do you rank each within your community? Refines the resource-inadequacy to the specific social construct, i.e., health, security, administrative, or financial Path dependency Do you think the community was prepared to tackle COVID-19? The opinion of the interviewee on the level of preparedness within the community to handle crises Subjective perspective Interview protocolPart 1: Initial PreparationsBecause this research involves humans as the source of the required data, an IRB is required. Thus, after the IRB is acquired, the first step will be to visit the community for orientation purposes. This will be contacting the visiting the local administration, preferably the chief or the Community chief/headman. Next, the researcher will visit the prospective interviewees for initial contact, be done with the help and in the community chief\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s presence.As the researcher and the one with the duty of data collection, I will introduce myself, full names, profession, and then explain the research\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s aim and purpose to the prospective study participants and their rights during the interview. Those who offer to participate in the study will then be required to sign consent forms, remaining with the researcher. The participants will be made aware of their right to leave at any time during the study if they so wish.As the interviewer, I will make arrangements with the participants on the location and time for the interviews. On the day of the interview, I will proceed with part 2 below.Part 2: Interview introductionAt the outset, I want to thank all of you for agreeing to participate in this study on “The use of Informal Institutions to cope with COVID-19.” You have been selected as you have been identified, first, as members of this community and second because you are considered to have a great deal of experience and information on not just COVID-19 but also other crises that your community has faced. Each interview will last for about 30 to 45 minutes.With me is a list of interview questions designed to help you reflect on your experiences and feeling with the CCOVID-19 pandemic and the mitigation measures that were put in place for your country. You can choose to decline to answer any question that might make you uncomfortable. As earlier indicated, you are also free to withdraw from the study at any time you so wish. In this study, your privacy and confidentiality are of utmost importance, and as the Principal Researcher, I will take the requisite measure to ensure confidentiality. There are no foreseeable risks linked with your participation in this study.To ensure I get your responses to the interview questions correct, I will be audio recording this interview to capture what you say. Also, you will notice me taking notes during the interview. This is meant to facilitate my data analysis when the time comes. A professional transcription company or I will transcribe the audiotape I make during the data analysis phase. If I opt for the transcription company, they will be required to sign a confidentiality agreement to ensure your confidentiality.Unless there are any questions, I will now lie to begin the session. Is that all right with you? (Turn the audio recorder on)(Interview to be done using the interview questionnaire)Part 3: Concluding phaseNow that we are done with the question, I want to thank you for participating in this interview. In case I need to capture any additional information, I will contact you with the follow-up questions. I hope that okay with you. I will also be offering you with a transcript of this interview as soon as it is available and my initial notes and interpretation of the interview. I will then request that you provide me with your feedback on any revisions you might think are necessary, and this will be within a specific timeframe to be communicated. Can you please confirm your contact information that you would like me to reach you through?Do you have any questions that you might want me to respond to? (Respond to any question, if any). Well, that is the end; thank you again for participating in this study(Turn audio recorder off).http://www.capri.cgiar.org/pdf/capriwp58.pdf
