Ebola Outbreak
The recent Ebola Outbreak in Africa, killing over nine thousand people in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, has clearly illustrated new vulnerabilities in the spread of transmittable diseases. Ten people were treated for the Ebola virus in the United States and the disease was shown to be highly mobile. The U.S. government has responded to the crisis in a number of ways including training for U.S. hospital workers, a deployment of military and healthcare workers in est Africa, and money to research different treatments and vaccines to help prevent further outbreaks. This analysis will provide an overview of the Ebola outbreak and the Public Administration response by the U.S. government.

est African Ebola Outbreak

The 2014 Ebola epidemic was the largest in history and affected and directly many est African countries and indirectly affected the entire planet. Two imported cases, including one death, and two locally acquired cases in healthcare workers…...

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Works Cited

Borders, D. w. (2014, October 27). Ebola: Quarantine Can Undermine Efforts to Curb Epidemic. Retrieved from Doctors without Borders:  http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/article/ebola-quarantine-can-undermine-efforts-curb-epidemic 

CDC. (2015, February 4). 2014 Ebola Outbreak in West Africa. Retrieved from CDC:  http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/ outbreaks/2014-west-africa/

DOD. (2014). Operation United Assistance. Retrieved from U.S. Department of Defense:  http://www.defense.gov/home/features/2014/1014_ebola/ 

The New York Times. (2015, January 26). How Many Ebola Patients Have Been Treated Outside of Africa? Retrieved from The New York Times:  http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/07/31/world/africa/ebola-virus-outbreak-qa.html?_r=0

Ebola Ethics
In March 2014, Ebola first emerged as a major threat within West Africa. It has mortality rate of up to 90% and often infects different areas of the body simultaneously. This causes the liver and kidneys to become ineffective at disposing of waste. Once this happens, is the point the individual will begin to experience a loss of bodily fluids and internal / external bleeding. (Garrett, 2014)

The incubation period is from two day to three weeks. During this time, those who are infected will experience a number of symptoms such as: fever, urinary problems, vomiting, headaches, sore throat and a lack of coordination. Anyone who is nearby these individuals, are increasing the chances of becoming exposed through bodily fluids (i.e. seaman, saliva, urine, blood, breast milk and coming in contact with the substances which are spilled). The result is that the disease has quickly spread to different parts of…...

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References

Food and Drug Law. (2014). Cornell School of Law. Retrieved from:  http://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/food_and_drug_law 

Chedekel, L. (2014). Battling Ebola. BU Today. Retrieved from:   ethical-issues/http://www.bu.edu/today/2014/battling-ebola-the -

Ciolli, A. (2008). Mandatory School Vaccinations. Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 81 (3), 129-137.

Del Rio, C. (2014). Ebola. Annals of Alternative Medicine. Retrieved from:  http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1897363

Democratic Republic of the Congo Public Health Concerns and Crisis The mission of public health sectors in nations across the globe is to promote the fulfillment of the interests of the society in assuring conditions in which individuals can be healthy (Schneider & Schneider, 2016). However, public health sectors in different parts of the world experience various challenges and concerns that pose threats to the health and wellbeing of populations. The Democratic Republic of Congo is an example of a country that faces a public health concern or crisis relating to the Ebola outbreak. The country has witnessed an increase in the number of Ebola cases in recent months. As such cases continue to increase, Congo’s public health sector experiences significant logistical challenges in dealing with the outbreak. This paper discusses the outbreak of Ebola in the Democratic Republic of Congo based on current area statistics.
Public Health Concerns and Crisis
Public health…...

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References

Al Jazeera and News Agencies. (2020, July 14). ‘Great Concern’ as New Ebola Outbreak Grows in Western DR Congo. Al Jazeera. Retrieved September 10, 2020, from  

Reuters. (2020, August 22). Ebola Outbreak in Western DR Congo Hits 100 Cases. CGTN Africa. Retrieved September 10, 2020, from  https://africa.cgtn.com/2020/08/22/ebola-outbreak-in-western-dr-congo-hits-100-cases/ 

Schneider, M. & Schneider, H.S. (2016). Introduction to public health (5th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

World Health Organization. (2020). Congo – Country Profile. Retrieved September 10, 2020, from  https://www.afro.who.int/fr/countries/congo 

World Health Organization. (2020, August 21). Ebola Outbreak in Western Democratic Republic of the Congo Reaches 100 Cases. Retrieved September 10, 2020, from https://www.afro.who.int/news/ebola-outbreak-western-democratic-republic-congo-reaches-100-cases

World Health Organization. (2020, July 3). Ebola in the Democratic Republic of the Congo – North Kivu, Ituri 2018 – 2020. Retrieved September 10, 2020, from  https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/ebola/drc-2019 

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/07/concern-ebola-outbreak-grows-western-dr-congo-200714034610314.html 

Indigenous Environmental Issues
Ebola is increasingly becoming a salient concern due to the fact that recent outbreaks that have highlighted the risks that are associated with the disease to individual health, as well as having also highlighted the ability to the disease to spread and threaten the public health of whole societies across the globe. Given the importance of the topic, researchers have worked to attempt to determine the specific causes that allow for the spread of this disease. The research has spurred many scientific debates and theories that have arisen to explain the transmittance of Ebola. Various relevant factors have been identified as possible causal links to the spread of the disease such as deforestation and climate change.

Research Question

Ebola is a communicable disease that has the potential to spread quickly and has the potential to devastate the state of public health in virtually every population on the planet. From a…...

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Bibliography

Bausch, D., & Schwarz, L. (2014). Outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease in Guinea: Where Ecology Meets Economy. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseasess, e3056.

Bruce, J., Cur, B., Brysiwicz, P., & Cur, M. S. (2002). Ebola Fever: The African Emergency. International Journal of Trauma Nursing, 1-6.

Chasek, P., Downie, D., & Brown, J. (2014). Global environmental politics. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.

Clerici, M., Combal, B., Pekel, J., Dubois, G., van't Klooster, J., Skoien, J., & Bartholome, E. (2013). The eStation, an Earth Observation processing service in support to ecological monitoring. Ecological Informatics, 18, 162-170.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2013.08.004

Ebola: Prevention and Management of the Infection
The Ebola virus infection has dented the medical care field a big blow due to the highly infectious nature and the lack of a proper cure or vaccine at the current time. There is need hence for the absolute preparation for handling and prevention of the continued spreading of the viral infection by the healthcare workers.

The first step is to be undertaken way before the healthcare workers receive the Ebola patient. They must have received thorough training and also practically shown that they can efficiently perform all the Ebola related infection control drills and processes particularly in donning and doffing (wearing and removing) the personal protective equipment (PPE). This donning and doffing needs to be supervised at all time by a trained observer in order to see into it that stablished protocols are followed for the eventual protection of the healthcare worker and the…...

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References

CDC, (2014a). Guidance on Personal Protective Equipment To Be Used by Healthcare Workers During Management of Patients with Ebola Virus Disease in U.S. Hospitals, Including Procedures for Putting On (Donning) and Removing (Doffing). Retrieved November 1, 2014 from  http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/ hcp/procedures-for-ppe.html

CDC, (2014b). Ebola (Ebola Virus Disease) Signs and Symptoms. Retrieved November 1, 2014 from

Ebola Virus esponse and esource Management Plan
Ebola Outbreak

Ebola Virus

Symptoms

Diagnosis

Transmission

Implications for Public Health

Incident Command Structure

Communication Management

esources equired

Social and Mental Health Programs

Dead-body Management

Precautions for Healthcare Providers

This paper develops a response and resource management plan for Ebola virus. The paper would provide general information about the virus. In addition to that it will also highlight the incident command structure, resource requirements, communication and dead-body management, health and mental programs, and the precautionary measures that would be incorporated in the plan.

Ebola Virus esponse and esource Management Plan

Introduction

The Ebola epidemic, which began on the year 2014, is the largest epidemic that has been witnessed in the history, in its initial stages the Ebola virus affected a large number of people in West Africa, but it continued to grow and now poses a significant threat to various nations of the world.(Staff Members of the National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens…...

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References

Fish, L. (2014). Ebola Outbreak Preparedness, pp. 2-20. Bloomington: Indiana University. Retrieved from  http://marionprepares.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Ebola-Summit-Medical-Break-Out-Session.pdf 

Staff Members of the Department of Health and Social Services, State of Alaska, (2015). Alaska Department of Health and Social Services Ebola Virus Disease Response Plan, pp. 3-36. Anchorage: Department of Health and Social Services, State of Alaska. Retrieved from http://www.epi.hss.state.ak.us/id/dod/ebola/EbolaResponsePlan.pdf

Staff Members of the Governor's Office of Homeland Security and Emergency Preparedness, State of Louisiana, (2014). Louisiana Ebola Virus Disease Response Plan Governor's Office of Homeland Security and Emergency Preparedness, pp. 4-73. Baton Rouge: Governor's Office of Homeland Security and Emergency Preparedness, State of Louisiana. Retrieved from http://gohsep.la.gov/plans/2014_Louisiana_Ebola_Response_Plan_Annex.pdf

Staff Members of the National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, (2014). Ebola, pp. 1-3. Atlanta: National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology. Retrieved from  http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/ pdf/ebola-factsheet.pdf

Ebola: History And Analysis of the Current Outbreak
The spread of Ebola has been much-publicized in the media, due to the fact "the current outbreak in West Africa, (first cases notified in March 2014), is the largest and most complex Ebola outbreak since the Ebola virus was first discovered in 1976. There have been more cases and deaths in this outbreak than all others combined" ("Ebola, 2014). This paper will summarize contributing factors behind the epidemic, suggesting that in addition to biological characteristics of the pathogen, critical structural deficits in the health system in Africa are also contributing to its spread.

The nature of Ebola

According to the World Health Organization's fact sheet on the disease, the Ebola virus was first identified in 1976 during two simultaneous outbreaks, one in the Sudan and the other in the Congo. The virus is believed to have originated in the fruit bats of the Pteropodidae family…...

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References

Ebola. (2014). WHO. Retrieved from:  http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs103/en/ 

Paye-Layeh, J. & DiLorenzo, S. (2014). Doctors Without Borders criticizes international Ebola

Response. The Huffington Post. Retrieved from:

 http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/01/03/alan-dershowitz-sexual-assault_n_6410380.html?ncid=fcbklnkushpmg

Ebola outbreak and the AIDS epidemic
The Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone was deemed catastrophic, and there were widespread cases that resulted from people touching or following their customs in regards to caring for the sick. The cultural practices of the communities were the main reasons the disease was widespread within the country. Analyzing the Ebola outbreak documentary offers more insight on how people viewed the disease and their reactions to the doctors. In regards to the Haitian AIDS epidemic, it is clear that the sexual escapades and widespread prostitution was the main cause of the epidemic. Haitian's did not believe in using any form of protection during sexual intercourse, and the men would have multiple partners including other men. There was a belief that that disease was a hoax and a creation of the American government. Looking at the two cases one can establish the similarities and differences in the…...

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References

Dabbous, W. (Writer). (2014). Ebola Outbreak. In W. Dabbous (Producer).  http://www.pbs.org .

Selzer, R. (1987). A Mask on the Face of Death.

Ebola Intelligence
The author of this report has been tasked with garnering and collecting business intelligence as it pertains to the Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa. Countries that will be of particular focus will include Liberia, Guinea and Sierra Leone. As part of the process and results of this report, there will be a location and collection of the data, and analysis of the data using techniques and software of the author's choice and a presentation of the overall results. One figure and presentation in particular will be a map of the affected region. While the region is certainly not out of the woods, the Ebola outbreak in West Africa would seem to be mostly under control at this time but the overall threat of a further outbreak still remains.

Analysis

Given that travelling to West Africa would be cost-prohibitive and dangerous, the author of this report shall rely on established and…...

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References

Dixon, M. G., & Schafer, I. J. (2014). Ebola viral disease outbreak - West Africa,

2014. MMWR: Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report, 63(25), 548-551 4p.

Enanoria, W. A., Worden, L., Liu, F., Gao, D., Ackley, S., Scott, J., & ... Porco, T. C.

(2015). Evaluating sub-criticality during the Ebola epidemic in West Africa. Plos ONE, 10(10), 1-10. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0140651

Western Africa Ebola epidemic (2014) is the "largest in history," and has killed many hundreds of people (p. 1). Formerly known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Ebola virus disease was first identified near the Ebola iver, for which the disease is named. Symptoms of the disease may not be present for up to three weeks due to the incubation period of the virus. Moreover, symptoms are general and resemble those of other diseases, making definitive diagnosis difficult before taking laboratory tests. Symptoms include headache, fever, muscle pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. Hampton (2014) notes that fatality rates are as high as ninety percent. Those who survive will develop antibodies that can last up to ten years (CDC, 2014). However, there are as of yet no known cures or vaccines (Brumfield & Wilson, 2014). Although fewer than 2400 cases were recorded until this year, over 700 individuals have died from the disease…...

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References

Brumfield, B. & Wilson, J. (2014). Ebola virus fears grow as virus spreads. Journal of Advanced Practice Nursing. Retrieved online: http://www.asrn.org/journal-advanced-practice-nursing/1166-ebola-virus-fears-grow-as-virus-spreads.html

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2014). Ebola. Retrieved online:  http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/ 

Hampton, T. (2014). Largest-ever outbreak of Ebola virus disease thrusts experimental therapies, vaccines into spotlight. Journal of the American Medical Association, 312 (10), 987-989

Hewlett, B.S. & Hewlett, B.L. (2005). Providing care and facing death: Nursing

, 2001). These two simple measures can drastically increase the subsequent spread of infectious disease throughout the country.
In Outbreak, the military institutes martial law to quarantine the infected populace in the town of Cedar Creek. Eventually, the military begins plans to bomb Cedar Creek in an attempt to eradicate the virus, which had thus far proven untenable. hile the concept of the United States government destroying a small town and murdering its populace is likely superlative Hollywood movie-making, the institution of martial law is a realistic and effective approach toward preventing further spread (Yassi et al., 2001).

In addition to the non-medical measures which can be taken to deal with the spread of an infectious agent, there are several medical actions which could be utilized to treat infected invididuals, including antivirals, antibiotics, or vaccines (Yassi et al., 2001). For example, antivirals and vaccines are both being utilized in an effort to…...

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Works Cited

Cavendish, M. (2007). Diseases and Disorders (p. 328). Marshall Cavendish.

Groseth, A., Feldmann, H., & Strong, J.E. (2007). The ecology of Ebola virus. Trends in Microbiology, 15(9), 408-416. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2007.08.001.

Petersen, W. (1995). Outbreak. Warner Bros. Pictures.

Preston, R. (2009). Panic in Level 4 (p. 230). Random House, Inc.

Policy
The state response to Ebola should be a coordinated communications effort. This will serve a number of purposes. First, it will maintain fiscal discipline. Second, communication is key to maintaining public order should there be an outbreak of Ebola. Third, communication helps to reduce the risk of an outbreak, because all members of our community will know how to avoid spreading Ebola.

The recent revelations that the World Health Organization and others botched their response to the Ebola outbreak in West Africa has done little to calm the public here at home regarding this disease. A government that deals in evidence and has a realistic world view does not need to address irrational panic, but the fact that global and national-level bodies seem challenged to come up with a plan to deal with Ebola places the onus on the state to devise such solutions. Already, some states, such as New Jersey,…...

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References

AP. (2014). Canadian nurses: Updated ebola guidelines don't protect healthcare staff. Global News. Retrieved October 22, 2014 from  http://globalnews.ca/news/1623732/canada-releases-updated-ebola-guidelines-amid-calls-for-international-aid/ 

CBS. (2014). Christie announce MJ ebola team. CBS New York. Retrieved October 22, 2014 from  http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2014/10/22/christie-to-hold-nj-response-readiness-briefing-on-ebola/ 

Dixon, R. (2014). Eight reported dead in attack on Ebola workers in Guinea. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 22, 2014 from  http://www.latimes.com/world/africa/la-fg-attack-ebola-guinea-outreach-20140918-story.html#

Indigenous Environmental Studies
The Link

For this assignment, we choose the problem of deforestation in Africa and it potential link to the outbreak of the Ebola virus. There have been scientific discussions and debates about whether deforestation was the primary cause of the rise and spread of the Ebola virus which is yet to be conclusively proven but there are enough indications to this end. Hence, for this paper, it is proposed to study the possible link between deforestation in Africa to the spread of the deadly virus that resulted in one of the greatest natural disasters for mankind.

Was deforestation the case of west Africa's Ebola outbreak?

Deforestation in Africa -- especially in sub-Saharan Africa is a major problem and a cause of concern for environmentalists as well as for the local population. However, this problem turned out to be a care for the global population after the rapid spread of the Ebola…...

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References

Chasek, P., Downie, D., & Brown, J. (2014). Global environmental politics. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.

Clerici, M., Combal, B., Pekel, J., Dubois, G., van't Klooster, J., Skoien, J., & Bartholome, E. (2013). The eStation, an Earth Observation processing service in support to ecological monitoring. Ecological Informatics, 18, 162-170.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2013.08.004 

Davies, C. (2015). Deforestation 'may have started west Africa's Ebola outbreak'. The Guardian, p. 1. Retrieved from  http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/oct/29/deforestation-might-have-started-west-africas-ebola-outbreak 

Ginsberg, J. (2014). How saving West African forests might have prevented the Ebola epidemic. The Guardian, p. 1. Retrieved from    http://news.mongabay.com ,. (2006). Africa's deforestation rate may be underestimated. Retrieved 25 February 2016, from http://www.theguardian.com/vital-signs/2014/oct/03/ebola-epidemic-bats-deforestation-west-africa-guinea-sierra-leone-liberia 

Inspiration Towards Choosing Medicine and Becoming a Physician
In the year 2014, the month of February the world woke to a shocking revelation of an outbreak of Ebola in parts of Africa, West Africa in particular. The WHO confirmed t he pandemic and wooed the world, governments, nations and individuals to helping putting together help of whatever form towards helping this part of the world from the pandemic. The news literally took over the news headlines, the blogs online, the websites and all tabloids and even radio were all a buzz with the sad news of the Ebola outbreak. The speed at which is spread at the devastating effects were of apocalyptic proportions.

The CDC activated the Emergency Operations Center meant to directly deal with the Ebola catastrophe, this center was specifically meant to coordinate the technical assistance and control the activities with other agencies of the US government, the world health…...

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References

CDC, (2016). 2014-2016 Ebola Outbreak in West Africa. Retrieved May 18, 2017 from  https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/outbreaks/2014-west-africa/

What are Bacteria and Viruses?
The most basic difference between bacteria and viruses is their size. Whereas both bacteria and viruses are too tiny to notice with the naked eye, most bacteria are about one micrometer in length and can be perceived with a good optical microscope. On the other hand, viruses are smaller than the wavelength of visible light, which suggests that they can only be perceived by using an electron microscope (Nursing Times, 2006). Infection, every so often the initial phase, takes place when bacteria, viruses or other microbes that cause disease enter the human body and start to multiply. Disease comes about and ensues when the cells in the human body are damaged, as a result of the infection, and signs and symptoms of a disease appear.
Causes

Bacterial and viral infections are contaminations caused by bacteria and viruses. Bacteria release poisons known as toxins into the blood stream whereas…...

To write an essay on the impact of contagious diseases, you will want to narrow down the topic.  There are several different types of contagious diseases, and the various pathogens include viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. Disease can spread in various ways.  The current Covid-19 pandemic is airborne and spreads through both air and touch, but other diseases have been blood borne, sexually transmitted, spread in food, or spread through other vectors, such as mosquitoes. There are also different types of outbreaks of diseases including pandemic, endemic, epidemic, and outbreak.  They have....

Certainly! Here are some essay topic ideas related to Barack Obama:

1. Analyzing the major accomplishments and legacy of Barack Obama as President of the United States.
2. Exploring the challenges and obstacles faced by Obama during his presidency and evaluating his responses.
3. Investigating the impact of Obama's healthcare reform, the Affordable Care Act (ACA), on the American healthcare system.
4. Discussing Obama's approach to foreign policy, focusing on significant events such as the Iran nuclear deal or the Paris Climate Agreement.
5. Examining the Obama administration's efforts to address climate change and promote clean energy.
6. Assessing the economic policies and strategies implemented by....

1. The Ebola outbreak has forced medical professionals to reevaluate their approach to global pandemics.

2. With the rise of Ebola, the world has witnessed a shift in the way we respond to infectious diseases on a global scale.

3. The lessons learned from the Ebola outbreak have prompted a significant restructuring of medical response strategies for pandemics.

4. Ebola has sparked a renewed sense of urgency in preparing for and responding to potential global health crises.

5. In the wake of the Ebola outbreak, medical communities have come together to....

1. The Ebola outbreak of 2014-2016 was a wake-up call for the global community, exposing weaknesses in our preparedness and response to pandemics.

2. In the aftermath of the Ebola outbreak, there has been a concerted effort to strengthen global health systems and improve our ability to respond to future pandemics.

3. The Ebola outbreak has led to a number of important changes in the way that we approach global pandemics, including increased investment in research and development, improved surveillance and early warning systems, and the development of new vaccines and treatments.

4. The Ebola outbreak....