Corporation Ethical ole
Foundations business ethics: What role business society? The study business ethics study legal application moral standards business decisions. In defining business ethics, defining voluntary role business: a business behave law dictate conduct law permits conduct benefit shareholders harmful ? Business Ethics: Case Studies Selected eadings (7th Edition) equired eading: Jennings, M.

The problem investigated concerns a comparison of views in what is referred to as a stakeholder's doctrine in management of business. Stakeholders are viewed as owners and capital investors but, under a social democratic perspective, stakeholders comprise of those persons who have a claim upon the existence of an entity. Precise to say these two perspectives have a bearing that require clarification.

How Corporations Came to be

Corporations came to be as an amalgamation of an extensive number of persons with a unified purpose forming a unit that has come to be the modern day organization. According to Jennings, 2009()

,…...

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References

Fallon, R.H., Jr. (2003). Should We All Be Welfare Economists? Michigan Law Review, 101(4), 979-1025.

Henderson D. (2004). The role of business in the modern world: progress, pressures and prospects for the market economy. London: Institute of Economic Affairs.

House, R., & House, G. (2006). A new way needs a new foundation: the principle of goodness, law, and society. International Journal of the Humanities, 3(5), 8-7.

Jennings, M. (2009). Business Ethics: Case Studies and Selected Readings (6th ed.). . Mason, . OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.

Corporation Diversifying Internationally
In the recent past, after the onset of the economic meltdown, firms, companies and businesses at large have been resorting to less traditional methods and entrepreneurial tactics in order to combat reduced demand, much more competition and increased costs. International diversification was the answer for many firms, following in the tracks of multinational and transnational companies; many businesses have resorted to relocating their plants and facilities to gain a competitive edge. International expansion or diversification can be seen as form of investment for the company, it is a costly and time consuming move to make however the benefits from this decision will affect company performance in the long run. Cost reduction is an evident result of this change, however companies can enjoy many more benefits for instance things such as a more lenient law and regulation system. Different countries also offer different kinds of labor, some have a…...

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References

Anon. 2007. 'Benefits of Diversification' Help RBS Reap Pounds 9.19bn. The Western Mail. 2 March.

Bhatnagar, C., & Ghosh, D.2005. Global Diversification: Developed and Emerging Economies.International Journal of Business,10 (1).

Buncombe, A., & Lakhani, N. 2011. Without consent: how drugs companies exploit Indian 'guinea pigs' . The Independent, 14 November

Deng, S.E., & Elyasiani, E.2008. Georgraphic Diversification, Bank Holding Company Value, and Risk. Journal of Money, Credit & Banking, 40(6).

However, liability is limited to the corporation and offers owners' limited personal liability, which is something that is not found in a sole proprietorship or partnership (Corporation: Definition, Formation, Maintenance, 2012). Furthermore, a corporation is also considered to be a stand-alone entity that has separate tax liabilities; as such, the corporation is responsible for paying corporate taxes on any of the profits the company makes, however, each employee is responsible for paying takes on the money that is paid to them in the form of a salary, commission, or dividend (Lorette, 2012).
Limited liability helps protect an individual's personal assets such as their cars, homes, and bank accounts should said corporation be sued by creditors when it cannot pay its debts and the corporation's assets are seized and sold to recoup money (Corporation: Definition, Formation, Maintenance, 2012). However, if it is determined that the personal and business dealings of a…...

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References

Corporation: definition, types, formation, maintenance. (2012). Inc.com. Retrieved 17 July 2012,

from  http://www.inc.com/articles/1999/10/14108.html 

Lorette, K. (2012). Advantages and disadvantages of the corporate form of business. Chron.com.

Retrieved 17 July 2012, from  http://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-disadvantages-corporate-form-business-4389.html

"An important part of the second phase of the New Deal brought about an anti-monopoly philosophy," including an investigation of corporate price-fixing, the deliberate creation of scarcity on the part of some organizations, agreements between corporations not to compete, and in the abuse of patent laws"(Bryant 1998). However, the desire to limit the growth of industry power was superseded by the need to mobilize the nation for war. hile before, during the 1920s, the numbers of manufacturing jobs had begun to abate, during orld ar II, manufacturing once again became a growth sector (Bryant 1999). hat did emerge during orld ar II, was a desire upon the part of the federal government to control the production and shape of modern industries, and an acknowledge for some regulation of corporate efforts to serve the common good: "The federal government emerged from the war as a potent economic actor, able to…...

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Works Cited

Bryant, Joyce. "The Great Depression and the New Deal." Yale-New Haven Teachers'

Project. Volume 2. 1998. 2008. 19 May 2008.  http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1998/4/98.04.04.x.html#b 

Samuelson, Robert J. "The Modern American corporation." APF Reporter. Volume 5.

1983. 19 May 2008.  http://www.aliciapatterson.org/APF0505/Samuelson/Samuelson.html

corporation that I choose is IKEA.
My first choice for a merger will be with Wal-Mart. This is because IKEA is based on the hybrid position of Bowman's Strategy Clock. (Bowman elaborates on Porter's Model of how firms can compete / find their niche by explaining the cost and perceived value combinations that many firms use). The hybrid position is exemplified by IKEA employing moderate price/moderate differentiation where the company offers fair prices for reasonable goods -- for instance discount department stores. ('If it wasn't for Ikea," writes British design magazine Icon. 'Most people would have no access to affordable contemporary design" (Bloomberg Business Week.com p.708)). The company works long and hard to identify functional and quality style materials and least costly suppliers. Whilst it sets the price in middle class tastes, focusing on quality, it also accentuates reasonable price tags, consciously showing its tendency to slit prices. Josephine ydberg-Dumont,…...

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Reference

Bloomberg Business Week.com. November 2005. IKEA: How the Swedish retailer became a global cult brand. Business Week online, Retrieved on February 26, 2011, from:  http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/05_46/b3959001.htm 

MindTools. Bowman's Strategy Clock Retrieved on February 26, 2011, from:

 http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newSTR_93.htm 

Capital Solutions Bancourp. Learn the pros and cons of various forms of financing. Retrieved on February 26, 2011 from:

Other principles include: the Stakeholder Enabling Principle, the Principle of Director esponsibility, and the Principle of Stakeholder ecourse.
For some specialists in the field Friedman's shareholder theory holds water more, while for others, Freeman's stakeholder theory seems to be more suitable for modern times. John Hasnas has studied both theories and stated several interesting findings. For example, he stated that "the stockholder theory is not as obviously flawed as it is sometimes supposed to be and that several of the objections conventionally raised against it are misdirected" (Hasnas, 1998). Hasnas's opinion on Freeman's stakeholder theory is quite different, as he considers the arguments supporting this theory to be significantly flawed. Even more, Hasnas considers that the stakeholder theory benefits from a great deal of undeserved confidence.

However, Hasnas does not consider himself of being in favor of the shareholder theory instead. Furthermore, Hasnas advices the readers to focus on the characteristic…...

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Reference List

Friedman, Milton (1970). The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits. Stockholder Management vs. Stakeholder Management. New York Times Magazine. Retrieved February 4, 2008.

Freeman, Edward (1994). The Politics of Stakeholder Theory. Business Ethics Quarterly. Retrieved February 4, 2008.

Hasnas, John (1998). The Normative Theories of Business Ethics: A Guide for the Perplexed. Business Ethics Quarterly. Retrieved February 4, 2008.

Boatright, John (1994). Fiduciary Duties and the Shareholder Management Relation: Or, What's So Special about Shareholders? Business Ethics Quarterly. Retrieved February 4, 2008.

The dark side of solidarity-based cultures is that they can become overly impersonal, neglecting the needs of the individual in favor of the collective.
A culture with high levels of sociability and high levels of solidarity becomes Communal. A culture with low levels of both sociability and solidarity is described as Fragmented. Organizational cultures with High levels of sociability but low levels of solidarity is Networked, and an organization with high levels of solidarity but low levels of sociability is Mercenary. In The Character of a Corporation, the authors offer readers a checklist and questionnaire to help them determine the nature of their organization's culture. Issues including the organization's physical space and work environment; communications infrastructure and style; concept of time and scheduling; and level of personal identities all contribute to the determination of an organization's culture.

The authors' four main points regarding the Double S. Cube include the following. First,…...

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Works Cited

Goffee, Rob and Jones, Gareth. The Character of a Corporation: How Your Company's Culture and Make or Break Your Business. New York: Harper, 1998.

XI. Conflict of Laws Principles

The unique nature of corporations creates interesting problems in regard to determining where a corporation can be sued or where the corporation can decide to file its own cause of action. A corporation can also elect to avail itself to the courts in the state in which it is incorporated and can also be subject to service in such state as well but the issue is not so easily decided in other circumstances. The operation of most corporations involve interactions with different states and a determination of the corporation's minimal contacts with other states has a major bearing on when and where a particular corporation can be made a part of litigation. The law in this area is highly dependent on the case law of the various states and there are no hard and fast rules that determine whether a corporation might be subject to service…...

This is unlike the C Corporation where shareholders are taxed only when they receive dividends. This provision becomes unethical since it subjects the shareholders to losses and denting of their other sources of income.
According to the Internal evenue Service requirements, all the shareholders are required to make a salary. This implies that all the investors and shareholders are considered employees of the corporation alike, and therefore their wages are equally taxed (AllBusiness, 2012). If the investor offers services to the corporation, he will be additionally considered an employee to that capacity. This remuneration and taxation them becomes unfair since the investor expects returns in a larger scale than the other shareholders.

The solution of the above situation comes in with the distributions to share-holders-employees. It is worth noting that the distribution to shareholders must be included in the shareholders' taxable income during tax calculations. The exception comes in on the…...

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References

AllBusiness, (2012). The Pros and Cons of S Corporations. Retrieved July 24, 2012 from  http://www.allbusiness.com/business-planning/business-structures-corporations/2516-1.html#axzz21bleXMFL 

IRS, (2012). S Corporations. Retrieved July 24, 2012 from  http://www.irs.gov/businesses/small/article/0,,id=98263,00.html 

Tax Lawyers' Blog, (2009). S Corporation Wages and Distributions: Basic Tax Planning. Retrieved July 24, 2012 from  http://www.pappasontaxes.com/index.php/2009/05/05/s-corporation-wages-and-distributions-basic-tax-planning/

flurry of ethical fiascos at companies like Enron, Tyco, Peregrine, Adelphia and WorldCom have spurred many corporations to take a close look at the rules that govern their corporate behavior. Enron, likely the most famous of these cases, involved accounting and other forms of fraud at many levels of the company, including the executive level. Clearly, the actions of these corporations represent a failure in the moral and ethical actions of a number of players. In response, there have been a number of calls aimed at tightening ethical considerations within corporations, including restructuring rules within corporations.
estructuring a corporation's rules of conduct has a number of moral considerations. Importantly, it can be argued that the basic, underlying motivation of a corporation is essentially at odds with many other ethical notions held by society. At its most basic, a corporation's goal is to make money. Hessun Wee, columnist with Business Week…...

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References

Espie, Shaletta. Why Wasn't Enron's Code of Conduct Enough? Why is Auditor Independence Critical for a Free Market? Ethics Resource Center. 02 June 2004.  http://www.ethics.org/nr0318enron.html 

Wee, Heesun. COMMENTARY: Corporate Ethics: Right Makes Might. Business Week Online, APRIL 11, 2002. 02 June 2004.  http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/apr2002/nf20020411_6350.htm

This is important, because it will serve as basic guideline, outlining what activities are most acceptable in the workplace. (Izraeli, 2010)
Oversight is when the corporation is ensuring effective supervision of employees and executives through: the different managers as well as the board of directors. This is important, because it is establishing a system of checks and balances inside the organization. (Izraeli, 2010) ("The Principals of Federal Prosecution of usiness Organizations," n.d.)

The delegation of authority is when managers and the board are watchful of the actions of those individuals (who have increased amounts of influence). This is important, because it places special emphasis on monitoring those people, who are given extraordinary powers within the company.

Effective communication standards / procedures are when the corporation maintains and is building communication at all levels. This is accomplished by having various procedures in place, to ensure that the company is maintaining these high levels.…...

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Bibliography

The Principals of Federal Prosecution of Business Organizations. (n.d.)

Izraeli, D. (2010). What we can Learn from Federal Sentencing Guidelines. European Institute for Business Ethics. Retrieved from: http://actrav.itcilo.org/actrav-english/telearn/global/ilo/code/whatcan.htm

Walker, R. (n.d.). Board Oversight of Compliance Program.

corporation will use is an effective marketing strategy. This is because the way they are able to promote themselves to customers will have an impact on their ability to increase sales and earnings. To achieve these objectives, a number of firms will use a wide variety of strategies. In the case of the firm that was studied in previous modules, this is vital part of ensuring that the company is able to remain competitive. To fully understand how this is achieved requires looking at: the distribution, location, timing, variations and target markets. Together, these different elements will provide specific insights as to how the firm can increase its overall bottom line results.
The Distribution

The basic distribution strategy is to use traditional and online resources. This will be accomplished through print advertising in select newspapers and magazines. At the same time, social networking, pay per click advertising and search engine optimization…...

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References

Silk, A. (2006). What is Marketing? Boston, MA: Harvard University Press.

Trout, J. (2006). Marketing Warfare. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.

Sunbeam Corporation and Chainsaw Al
For Business Ethics Class. Need a Case Study Ethics Case, "Sunbeam Corporation Chainsaw Al." The story Arthur Andersen failed stop "Chainsaw Al" Dunlap hoodwinked BOD intimidated accounting staff, turn manipulated financial reports.

Sunbeam Corporation and Chainsaw Al

Sunbeam Corporation while on the verge of bankruptcy, appointed Albert "Chainsaw Al" Dunlap to steer them to success. Chainsaw Al had been successful in turning around other financially troubled companies which was why he was given the job as the CEO and Chair of Sunbeam's board. However, Chainsaw Al engaged in illegal and unethical accounting practice which gave a false representation of the company's turnaround. Investors sued the company for this and when other board members discovered that Dunlap was actively involved in these unethical practices, he was let go. This paper looks at the problems that arose as a result of Dunlap's behavior and an evaluation of alternative solutions. It…...

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References

Byrne, J.A. (1998). How Al Dunlap Self-Destructed. BusinessWeek, July 6, 58-65.

Daniels Fund Ethics Initiative. (2010). Sunbeam Corporation: "Chainsaw Al," Greed, and Recovery. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico.

Dunlap, A.J., & Aldeman, B. (1997). Mean Business. New York: Simon & Schuster.

Roland, N., Matthewson, J., & Schmidt, R. (2002). Sunbeam Ex-CEO 'Chainsaw Al' Dunlap Settles SEC Case. Bloomberg News, September 4.

EMC Corporation Analysis
How would you describe the core competency of EMC Corp? What is the significance of understanding core competencies? Do core competencies provide competitive advantages or value to organizations?

The core competency of EMC Corporation is the research and development, selling, implementing and supporting of their virtualization technologies incouding IT infrastructure systems and platforms. EMC's depth of expertise in virtualization and infrastructure technologies has made the company one of the leading providers of cloud computing platforms, one of the fastest-growing segments of the enterprise computing industry today (Horsburgh, 2003). EMC has structured their business into two major categories incouding EMC information infrastructure and VMWare virtual infrastructure, which provides the company the ability to better serve its global base of customers (McCarthy, Capuanuo, Picotte, 2002). The information infrastructure business is comprised of three different segments including information storage, information intelligence group and the SA information security group. The VMWare virtual infrastructure…...

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References

EMC Investor Relations (2012). Investor Relations. Retrieved December 13, 2012, from EMC Investor Relations and Filings with the SEC Web site:

 http://www.emc.com/corporate/investor-relations/index.htm 

Kwaku Atuahene-Gima, & Yinghong (Susan) Wei. (2011). The vital role of problem-solving competence in new product success. The Journal of Product Innovation Management, 28(1), 81.

Horsburgh, S.D. (2003, EMC Corporation. Better Investing, 52, 60-60.

Loops
Deckers Outdoor Corporation describes its business as being "a premier lifestyle marketer that builds niche brands into global market leaders by designing and marketing innovative, functional and fashion footwear" (Deckers 2011 Annual Report). Feedback loops were outlined as being an important component of the Burke-Litwin Causal Model (Falletta, 2008). A feedback loops is a set of elements that is self-reinforcing. There are basically two types of feedback loops, balancing and reinforcing (MindTools.com, 2012). This paper will analyze the feedback loops present in Deckers to identify the opportunities for organizational learning.

Balancing Feedback Loop

A balancing feedback loop is one where the elements in the loop exist in a state of equilibrium. hen an element falls out of equilibrium, the other elements change to rebalance the organization. This restoration of balance happens no matter which element falls out of equilibrium or oven if the organization is moving to a new equilibrium point.…...

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Works Cited:

Deckers Outdoor Annual Report 2011. Retrieved May 9, 2012 from http://phx.corporate-ir.net/External.File?item=UGFyZW50SUQ9MTM0NDY2fENoaWxkSUQ9LTF8VHlwZT0z&t=1

Falletta, S. (2008). Organizational diagnostic models. LeadershipSphere. Retrieved May 9, 2012 from http://leadersphere.com/img/OrgmodelsR2009.pdf

MindTools. (2012). Systems diagrams. MindTools.com. Retrieved May 9, 2012 from  http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMC_04.htm

CSR, or corporate social responsibility, refers to the idea that companies should hold themselves accountable for how their policies and procedures impact the greater world at large.  CSR does not have a single definition, because it is tailored to each individual company and that company’s view of how they act in a responsible position.  CSR is self-regulating, insofar as it is not imposed by outside forces, at least in terms of being regulated; outside forces, such as client decisions to purchase products or services, competitor responses to corporate policies, or business partner....

There are a number of topics you could research if you need to discuss how diversity or inclusion impacts corporate culture. It is one of the most relevant topics for the modern workplace and it impacts corporations in a number of ways. There is no doubt that corporations have been trying to become more inclusive and increase their diversity.  We have compiled a list of 10 potential topics and titles you could use for an essay on those broad topics.

1. The Role of Empathy in Diversity and Inclusion: How Empathy Can Make People....

1. Analyzing the use of figurative language in WIDA language assessments
2. Exploring the role of syntax and sentence structure in WIDA writing prompts
3. Investigating the inclusion of literary devices in WIDA reading passages
4. Discussing the importance of vocabulary acquisition in WIDA language development
5. Examining the integration of cultural elements in WIDA language arts tasks
6. Evaluating the effectiveness of incorporating multimedia resources in WIDA language assessments
7. Comparing the language skills developed through WIDA assessments with traditional language arts instruction
8. Exploring the connection between WIDA language proficiency levels and academic achievement in language arts
9. Investigating the impact of language arts instruction on....

1. The Role of Emotions in Political Decision Making: Exploring how emotions influence political beliefs and actions, and whether they should be considered in political theory.

2. The Impact of Technology on Political Communication: Analyzing how social media and other digital platforms have changed political discourse and debate in the modern age.

3. Intersectionality in Political Theory: Examining how issues of race, gender, and class intersect in political theory and shape debates on social justice and equality.

4. The Ethics of Political Violence: Discussing the moral implications of using violence as a political tool and when it may be justified.

5. Post-Colonial Perspectives in....