(World Bank, 2007) Modern approaches to plant cloning or tissue culture techniques have been utilized by various nurseries in Thailand and the U.S. To bring rare and new species of plants in the commercial market, sometimes even before the botanists can manage to give the species a name. (Ogden, 2007)
Tissue engineered products have a bright marketing potential since they provide better alternatives to other forms of treatments. Cartilage and skin products have already been clinically approved and are available commercially. The Department of Health and Human Services in the U.S. has estimated that the future worldwide market for products of tissue engineering will be around $500 billion by 2010. A report published by the National Security esearch Division of AND corporation in 2006 has emphasized that tissue engineering will have a positive effect on more than one-third of the issues concerning a country's development including social structure, individual health,…...
mlaReferences
Atala, Anthony. (2007) "Principles of Regenerative Medicine"
Academic Press.
Bullis, Kevin. (2008, Jan/Feb) "Tiny Living Machines" Technology Review, Retrieved 1 May, 2008 at http://www.technologyreview.com/Nanotech/19874/
Friedman, Yali. (2007) "The Business of Biotechnology: Profit from the Expanding Influence of..." Logos Press.
Heart Valve Tissue Engineering enefits
Tissue engineering came about as early as the 1960s with advances in tissue culture technologies to propagate skin cells (Vesley, 2005). It has advanced to other areas of cells through the years, including heart valve tissue engineering. One in eight people aged 75 years and older suffer from a form of valve disease showing an increasing trend with age (Mol, 2005). For adults, the need arises mostly from an aging population. For children, the need arises from birth defects and other illnesses, such as rheumatic fever. The number of patients that will require heart valve replacement is expected to triple over the next five decades.
The main causes of cardiac valve dysfunction are calcification of leaflets, endocarditis, rheumatic fever, myxomatous degeneration or congenital malformations, leading to stenosis or insufficiency in the valve. Rheumatic fever has been the main cause of heart disease in children and young adults,…...
mlaBibliography
Mendelson, K. & . (2006). Heart Valve Tissue Engineering: Concepts, Approaches, Progress, and Challenges. Ann Biomed Eng. 34(12).doi:10.1007/s10439-006-9163-z, 1799-1819 Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1705506/ .
Mol, A.S. (2005). Tuissue engineering of heart valves: Advances and current challenges. Expert Rev. Med. Devices, 63(3), 259-275 Retrieved from http://www.mate.tue.nl/mate/pdfs/10563.pdf .
Schmidt, D. & . (2005). Tissue engineered heart valves based on human cells. Swill Med Weekly, 135, 618-623 Retrieved from http://smw.ch/docs/pdf200x/2006/39/smw-11400.PDF .
Vesley, I. (2005). Heart Valve Tissue Engineering. Circulation Research, 97.doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000185326.04010.9f, 743-755 Retrieved from http://circres.ahajounals.org/content/97/8/743.full.
Response to FrancescaAs noted in your article, one of the ways to address the problem relating to the need for organs and tissues for transplant is biomaterials. In his TED talk, Atala (2010) states that the use of smart biomaterials is one of the ways for promoting human regeneration. The demand for smart biomaterials for bone tissue engineering is fueled by the growth in the aging population. The increased demand has resulted in recent advances in and use of smart biomaterials in the field of medicine (Montoya et al., 2021). Over the past few decades, a wide range of smart biomaterials have emerged and are classified into four categories i.e. inert, active, responsive, and autonomous. According to Montoya et al. (2021), inert refers to smart biomaterials with the ability to be simply biocompatible or cause no harm while active biomaterials are those that release at least one-way bioactive therapy. Responsive…...
mlaReferences
Atala, A. (2010). Anthony Atala: Growing new organs [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7SfRgg9botI&t=2s
Montoya, C., Du, Y., Gianforcaro, A.L., Orrego, S., Yang, M. & Lelkes, P.I. (2021). On the road to smart biomaterials for bone research: Definitions, concepts, advances, and outlook. Bone Research, 9(12), 1-16.
Wei, H., Cui, J., Lin, K., Xie, J. & Wang, X. (2022). Recent advances in smart stimuli-responsive for bone therapeutics and regeneration. Bone Research, 10(17), 1-19.
TISSUE ENGINEEING TISSUE ENGINEEING 1Tissue Engineering and egeneration of the Holy Spirit in Christianityegenerative medicine is a clinical field focused on the replacement, repair, and renewal of organs, tissue or cells to restore damaged function (Damiano et al., 2021). Tissue or cell damage could occur due to multiple issues, including trauma, disease, and congenital defects (Damiano et al., 2021). The terms regenerative medicine and tissue engineering are often used interchangeably. However, tissue engineering is a branch of regenerative medicine that focuses on replacing the function of injured and damaged tissue (Kaoud, 2018).In the video provided, Dr. Anthony Atala explains the process of engineering tissue obtained from heart valves and blood vessels, as well as liver, muscle, skin, ear, and digit tissues. Basically the tissue regeneration process involves creating a scaffold and introducing cells with the right environment of growth factors to allow the tissue to self-assemble and grow. Scaffolds can…...
mlaReferences Damiano, G., Palumbo, V., Fazzotta, S., Curione, F., Monte, G., Brucato, V., & Monte, A. (2021). Current Strategies for Tracheal Replacement. Life, 11(7), 618-632, Doi: 10.3390/life11070618Kaoud, H. A. (Ed.). (2018). Tissue Regeneration. London UK: Books on Demand Publishers. Kojima, K., & Vacanti, C. A. (2013). Tissue Engineering in the Trachea. The Anatomical Record, 297(1), 44-50. Doi: 10.1002/ar.22799Level, P. C. (2011). The Regeneration of the Christian and the Holy Spirit. Fayetteville, GA: Xulon Press.
Enginees should focus on the impovement of the pefomance of the economy. This elates to the tansfomation of the theoies of contolling the wold and adopting new famewoks in the opeating in conjunction with the planet. New enginees need to adopt and implement new theoies of focusing on the economic, social, and political concepts in elation to both technical and nontechnical disciplines (Cameon 2010 p.40).
Leades in Bitish Engineeing
Accoding to Lewis (1998, p.88), the technology style of the 19th centuy stetches fom the peak of one long wave to the peak of the next. The concened style would have made its fist appeaance in 1870s and would have held geat influence in the late Victoian peiod. It was maked though the diffusion of cheap bulk steel that emeged in the mid-Victoian peiods, advances in science-based industies such as engineeing and chemicals, spead of electic powe and the adoption of novel…...
mlareferences of the current population without compromising the needs of the future population. This relates to the achievement of sustainable development thus improving living conditions of the citizens. Global warming is a problem affecting growth and development of the economy. This is through increasing the sea water level because of the high temperatures thus melting of ice caps. In order to minimize the effects of global warming, it is ideal to focus on the transformation of the engineering systems in the United Kingdom (Nuvolari et al. 2009 p.700).
Possible predictions about the future of British engineering
In order to address challenges affecting the current and future populations, it is essential to train engineers with the ability to make intelligent decisions in relation to maximum protection and quality life on the planet than endangering forms of life. Engineers will have to make decisions with reference to professional environment in relation to interactions between technical and nontechnical disciplines. The modern system should focus on the preparation of the engineers to become valuable facilitators of sustainable development and implementers of appropriate technology. This aims at addressing social and economic challenges facing the current engineers because of the modern systems and mindset of engineers in the context of the United Kingdom. This is essential in becoming an effective and efficient body of engineers with the aim of providing leadership to the world engineering body (Burgess 1972 p.10).
Future development in relation to the engineering systems and subsystems in the United Kingdom should focus on adequate implementation of technology in addressing essential needs of the future population. Technological developments should also focus on the improvement of conditions such as sufficient water, protection of the environment, and adequate infrastructure. This is vital in the achievement of the millennium development goals and objectives as outlined by the United Nations under the influence of its General Assembly. Future engineering should focus in the achievement of sustainable development thus addressing current and future needs of the world's population. It is vital to note future engineering should integrate numerous aspects in addressing social, economic, and political effects on the planet.
Reference List
1. What are the leading causes of death in the United States?
Accidents are considered to be the fourth leading cause of death after heart disease, cancer and strokes.
2. When the overall cost of an accident is calculated, what elements make up the cost?
The elements making up the cost of an accident are lost wages, insurance administration, medical expenses, motor vehicle damage, fire-related losses, and indirect costs.
3. What are the five leading causes of accidental deaths in the United States?
Motor vehicle, poison, falls, drowning, and fire-related accidents.
4. What are the leading causes of death in the United States of people between the ages of 25 and 44?
Motor vehicle, poison, falls, drowning, fire-related accidents, heart, and cancer disease.
5. Explain how today’s rate of accidental work deaths compares with the rate in the early 1900s.
Per a population of 100,000, accidental work deaths have reduced by 81 percent from 21 to 4 between 1912…...
Prototyping is a great and exciting way to allow for faster manufacturing across numerous fields. Things like bioprinting allow for prototyping reaching new levels of science and technology. Prototyping has become an important aspect of things like tissue engineering. This means society can cross-new frontiers in the world of medicine and treatment thanks to prototyping. The one thing that surprised me the most about prototyping is the ability of organizations and people to use it in a variety of fields, especially in medicine like the aforementioned tissue engineering.
In article titled: "Printing and Prototyping of Tissues and Scaffolds" by Brian Derby, the author discusses the various ways in which prototyping opens new avenues for manufacturing. "New manufacturing technologies under the banner of rapid prototyping enable the fabrication of structures close in architecture to biological tissue. In their simplest form, these technologies allow the manufacture of scaffolds upon which cells can grow…...
mlaReferences
Derby, B. (2012). Printing and Prototyping of Tissues and Scaffolds. Science, 338(6109), 921-926. doi:10.1126/science.1226340
Advancement of nanotechnology has gained significant attention in the self -- assembling characteristic of a variety of molecules, which is a vital requirement for the growing bottom -- up design of nanoscale structures. hen these molecules go through molecular self -- congregation, the consequential structural elements, for instance nanotubes or vesicles, can be further transformed to give specific charactistics to the components. Like nanotubes can be covered with metals or partially -- conducting substances to fabricate nanowires.
Smart polymeric gels are classified on various structural properties. Superporous hydrogels (SPHs) are utilized to augment the responsiveness of hydrogels. In this case, the augmented responsiveness to stimuli is accomplished by manufacturing interconnected absorbent networks. Superporous hydrogels (SPHs) correspond to a rapid -- swelling group of hydrogels with pore dimensions much bigger than the usual network of a normal hydrogel. These were firstly created as modern gastric retention devices to augment the duration…...
mlaWorks Cited
Annaka, Masahiko and Tanaka, Toyoichi, Multiple phases of polymer gels, Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, 2005, pp. 430-432
Darmawan, Adi; Smart, Simon; Julbe, Anne; Diniz da Costa, Joao Carlos, Iron Oxide Silica Derived from Sol-Gel Synthesis, Materials, ISSN, Volume 4, Issue 2, 2011, pp. 448-456
Heitfeld, Kevin a, Smart membranes: Hydroxypropyl cellulose for flavor delivery, ISBN 9780549027560, 2007, 15.
Hu, Jinlian, Adaptive and Functional Polymers, Textiles and Their Applications, ISBN 1848164750, 2011, p. 416
Healthcare -- Administration and Legal
Many vectors -- science, research funding, social acceptance or rejection -- influence how and whether medical technology is eventually adopted into medical praxis (Hogle, et al., 2012). Undergirding the choices and changes is a shared body of ethical standards and law, the establishment of which is often not consensual or efficacious. Any emerging technology can encounter unanticipated social resistance and ethical concerns that can change the course of how medical science research progresses (Hogle, et al., 2012). Medical technology often poses questions about access to expensive innovations and considerations about race, gender, and social justice that are inseparable from the socio-economic levels of patients (Hogle, et al., 2012). In contemporary society, there are the inevitable considerations about patent issues, clinical practice, and the commercialization of medical innovations (Hogle, et al., 2012). The recent court decision finding in favor of Myriad Genetics, Inc. provides a good platform…...
mlaReferences
Cho, M. (2010, November 1). Patently unpatentable: implications of the Myriad court decision on genetic diagnostics. Trends in Biotechnology, 28(11), 548-551. Retrieved / pii/S0167779910001411?_returnURL= http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0167779910001411?showall=true http://www.cell.com/trends/biotechnology//retrieve
Hogle, L., Tobin, S., Gaba, D. And Yock, P. (2012). Web-Based Research Integrity Training for Biomedical Engineers and Medical Device Researchers (Public Health Service). Stanford Center for Biomedical Ethics. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford School of Medicine. Retreived / programs/science_and_society.htmlhttp://bioethics.stanford.edu/research
Morrison, E. (2011). Ethics in health administration: A practical approach for decision makers. (2nd ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett.
Stempel, J., Steenhuysen, J., Wallace, J., Grebler, D. And Orr, B. (2012, August 16). Myriad wins gene patent ruling from U.S. appeals court. Thomson Reuters. Retrieved http://www.reuters.com/assets/
esponse to Leighanne2 Corinthians 5:17 is commonly used to support the issue of bone tissue regeneration as it compares to the regenerative power of the Holy Spirit in an individuals body. However, there are additional scriptures that talk about bone tissue regeneration and healing such as Ezekiel 37:1-10 and Proverbs 3:8. These verses provide the biblical basis for bone tissue regeneration, which has attracted attention in the field of medicine because of the growth of the aging population and increased demands for organs/tissues for transplant. While these verses do not specifically talk about bone tissue engineering, they compare to it as they show Gods transformative power. Exodus 15:26 states that God heals us of our diseases. He uses various methods of healing including modern medicine practices like bone tissue engineering.Despite attracting attention in the field of medicine in recent years, bone tissue engineering has been characterized by some complications even…...
mlaReferencesAmini, A.R., Laurencin, C.T. & Nukavarapu, S.P. (2013). Bone tissue engineering: Recent advances and challenges. Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering, 40(5), 363-408.Perez, J.R., Kouroupis, D., Li, D.J., Best, T.M., Kaplan, L. & Correa, D. (2018). Tissue engineering and cell-based therapies for fractures and bone defects. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 6(105), 1-23.
Stem Cell Differentiation
The need to restore the lives of the individuals calls for more of transplantation than that which is available. There are fewer organs, which can help in the transplantation process, which means that overdependence on the process makes it to be reliable. Further, the process may also end up endangering the life of the donator. Transplantation is the only available process that can for the individuals having kidney and lung problems. However, the numbers of individuals who are suffering from kidney and lung failure are always more than those who are ready to supply the needed organs. This calls for an alternative way, which can help in compensating the loss that the individuals face. One of the major alternatives for the process of translation is stem cell differentiation that may occur in any body cell. The stem cells differentiation offer the possibility of a renewable source of replacement…...
mlaReference
Wang, J., Collins, J. et al., (2012). Functional analysis of transcription factor binding sites in human promoters. Genome Biology, doi:10.1186/gb-2012-13-9-r50
Guillot PV, Cui W, Fisk NM, Polak DJ. (2007). Stem cell differentiation and expansion for clinical applications of tissue engineering. J Cell Mol Med. 11:935-944.
Gerrard L, Rodgers L, Cui W. (2005). Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells to Neural
Lineages in Adherent Culture by Blocking Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling. Stem Cells 23: 1234-1241.
"Given the rising prevalence of obesity with age in both childhood and adult life, the prevalence of adult obesity cannot be predicted from childhood data, but increasing childhood obesity heralds a greater health burden in adult life"(James & al 2001, p. 232S). Thus, the future focus is on child obesity and how it can be treated to bring well-being for the adult.
esearch for adipose cells is not at the beginning, but has become increasingly intensive in the last years. Obesity is rapidly spreading across the globe but all the scientific breakthroughs won't do magic in the presence of disinterest and neglect towards the human body, so the first step should come from each individual.
eferences:
Albright, AL & Stern, JS 1998, "Adipose Tissue," Encyclopedia of Sports Medicine and Science, vol. 15
Bosello, O & al. 1980,"Adipose tissue cellularity and weight reduction forecasting," American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 33, no. 4, pp.…...
mlaReferences:
Albright, AL & Stern, JS 1998, "Adipose Tissue," Encyclopedia of Sports Medicine and Science, vol. 15
Bosello, O & al. 1980,"Adipose tissue cellularity and weight reduction forecasting," American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 776-782
Gomillion, CT & Burg, KJL 2006, "Stem cells and adipose tissue engineering," Biomaterials, no. 27, pp. 6052 -- 606
Greenberg, AS & Obin, MS 2006, "Obesity and the role of adipose tissue in inflammation and metabolism," American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 83, no. 2, pp. 461-465
How long this process takes and whether it will prevent the loss of seeded cells probably depends to a significant extent on the surrounding tissue and therefore represents another unknown.
HIF-1? And VEGF are also involved in osteogenesis, so the influence of these growth factors on the differentiation choices being made by the seeded stem cells is unknown (Polzer 7). The impact of prolonged hypoxic conditions on the seeded cells is another. Although Polzer and colleagues examined the timing of cell seeding relative to prevascularization, they discovered that the artificial scaffold rapidly filled with connective tissue. This process effectively clogged the matrix and prevented efficient seeding.
By comparison, researchers conducting spinal cord injury research into the efficacy of regenerative medicine techniques have been producing promising results (Sykova et al. 1113-1114). Hydrogels seeded with mesenchymal stem cells or bone marrow stem cells have produced positive results in both animal models and in…...
mlaWorks Cited
Park, Alice. "Cancer Patient Received a Man-Made Windpipe." Time.com, 12 Jan. 2012, Online. Internet. 1 Jul. 2013. Available http://healthland.time.com/2012/01/13/cancer-patient-receives-a-man-made-windpipe/ .
Polzer, Hans et al. "Comparison of Different Strategies for in Vivo Seeding of Prevascularized Scaffolds." Tissue Engineering: Part C, published online May 21 ahead of print. Online.
Sifferlin, Alexandra. "Toddler gets New Windpipe from Her Own Stem Cells." Time.com, 1 May 2013, Online. CNN.com. Internet. 1 Jul. 2013. Available http://www.cnn.com/2013/05/01/health/toddler-stem-cells-windpipe .
Sykova, Eva et al. "Bone Marrow Stem Cells and Polymer Hydrogels -- Two Strategies for Spinal Cord Injury Repair." Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology 26.7-8 (2006): 1113-1129.
To elaborate, he used his 'transistor' to build logic circuits that program each cell's behavior. For instance, he was able to tell a cell to change color in the presence of both a specified two enzymes. Remarked Kleem (online): "Endy envisions plant-based environmental monitors, programmed tissues and even medical devices that "make Fantastic Voyage come true," (Kleem, 04.02.13).
In the first (grainy) image below, Endy's DNA "buffer gates" flash different colors according to their situation. In the image below that, we have a string of DNA -- we see the code of the a's, C's, T's and G's -- that has been programmed by synthetic biologist Eric Winfree of the California Institute of Technology --.
(Excerpted from Keim, B Computers Made Out of DNA, lime and Other trange tuff
Wired. http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2013/04/strange-computers/?pid=6598&viewall=true)
Timothy Lu, a researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, is taking this idea further by building cellular computers that can, for…...
mlaSources
Brumfiel, G (March 29, 2013) Tiny DNA Switches Aim to Revolutionize 'Cellular' Computing. NPR. http://www.npr.org/2013/03/29/175604770/tiny-dna-switches-aim-to-revolutionize-cellular-computing
Lovgren, Stefan (2003-02-24). Computer Made from DNA and Enzymes. National Geographic. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/02/0224_030224_DNAcomputer.html
Heaven D (02 April 2013) DNA transistors pave way for living computers Newscientishttp://www.newscientist.com/article/dn23337-dna-transistors-pave-way-for-living-computers.html
Strain D (June 2, 2011 ) Flexible DNA computer finds square roots Science News http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/330621/description/Flexible_DNA_computer_finds_square_roots_
165) and he argued for a change in consciousness to go along with the economic globalization. Arias argued that the current climate is not interdependent, but actually fiercely independent and insular and moreover dedicated to self-aggrandizement, not cooperation to spread economic justice around the globe. Other voices are also arguing this, again presupposing that globalization is no longer an issue, but a fact, but that the globalization that exists is one of independence, not interdependence. Two of those voices specifically argue the twin issues of social justice in global interdependence, and ethics.
Social justice as a measure of global interdependence
Polack proposes that currently, "social work is confronted with a global system in which the world's people are bound together in a complex web of economic relationships. People's lives are now linked to lives of distant others through the clothes that they wear, the energy that warms them, and even the…...
mlaReferences
Bartholomew, S. (1997). National systems of biotechnology innovation: Complex interdependence in the global system. Journal of International Business Studies, 28(2), 241+. Retrieved March 14, 2005, from Questia database, http://www.questia.com .
Breitenfellner, a. (1997). Global unionism: A potential player. International Labour Review, 136(4), 531+. Retrieved March 14, 2005, from Questia database,
Title: Unveiling the Secrets of Bone Marrow: A Journey Through Its Biology, Therapeutic Applications, and Ethical Considerations
Introduction:
Bone marrow, the soft tissue occupying the cavities of bones, harbors an intricate world of cells and processes that play pivotal roles in life. This essay delves into the fascinating aspects of bone marrow, exploring its biology, therapeutic applications, and ethical considerations surrounding its use.
1. Biology of Bone Marrow:
a) Hematopoiesis: Unraveling the intricate process by which bone marrow produces various types of blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
b) Microenvironment: Delving into the niche of specialized cells and....
I. Introduction
A. Definition of gene editing and its potential applications in medicine
B. Ethical considerations and potential risks
II. Techniques for Gene Editing
A. CRISPR-Cas9 system
B. Other gene editing technologies (e.g., TALENs, ZFNs)
C. Comparison of different techniques
III. Applications of Gene Editing in Medicine
A. Treatment of genetic diseases (e.g., sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis)
B. Cancer therapy (e.g., CAR T-cell therapy)
C. Regenerative medicine (e.g., tissue engineering, organ transplantation)
IV. Ethical and Societal Implications of Gene Editing
A. Off-target effects and unintended consequences
B. Long-term health risks and the need for monitoring
C. Concerns about genetic enhancement and the....
Thesis Statement Suggestions:
Organ donation is an ethical and compassionate act that can save and improve the lives of countless individuals.
While there are ethical, logistical, and social challenges associated with organ donation, the potential benefits far outweigh the risks and make it a valuable and necessary practice.
Expanding organ donation through increased public awareness, improved healthcare policies, and ethical decision-making is crucial to meeting the growing need for organs and saving more lives.
The principle of informed consent is paramount in organ donation, ensuring that potential donors fully understand the implications and make voluntary decisions based on their values....
Animal Testing: Ethical Dilemma and a Call for Ban
Introduction
Animal testing has been a subject of ethical debate for decades. While it has contributed to medical advancements, its moral implications and scientific shortcomings demand a critical reevaluation. This research paper argues that animal testing should be banned due to ethical concerns, limited scientific validity, the availability of alternative methods, and the existence of viable substitutes.
Ethical Considerations
Animals, like humans, are sentient beings capable of experiencing pain, distress, and suffering. Subjecting them to experimental procedures raises serious ethical concerns about their well-being and dignity. Animals in laboratories are often confined to small cages,....
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