Texting hile Driving Speech Outline
Description of the audience for your speech:

The audience for this speech would likely be comprised of members of the legislature, preferably members of Congress, who could enact a law in all 50 states because only this group can create laws on a national level.

The topic of this speech is the problem of texting while driving and how it negatively affects people of the U.S. In all 50 states.

Specific Purpose:

The specific purpose of this speech is to convince those in positions of power to create legislation which would make texting while driving illegal throughout the United States of America.

Texting while driving is a highly dangerous practice that far too many people take part in; an activity which has led to a high number of automobile collisions, many injuries, and far too many deaths.

Question Based on Thesis:

How does texting while driving negatively affect driving ability and how many…...

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Works Cited:

Austin, Michael. "Texting While Driving: How Dangerous is it?" Car and Driver. Hearst. June 2009, Print.

Bowens, Dan. "Texting While Driving Ban Results in Few Tickets." WRAL. Capital

Broadcasting, 2010. Print.

"Distracted Driving: The Pledge to Drive Distraction-Free." Distracted Driving: The Pledge to Drive Distraction-Free. AAA, 2012. Web. 29 Nov. 2012. .

That is because texting also involves the same brain regions and cognitive processes as communicating by telephone that are responsible for the dangers associated with cell phones and driving and combines that risk factor with another additional independent risk factor: visual distraction.
Unlike cell phones, which distract the driver visually for only a small percentage of the time when they are being used for verbal communication, texting while driving is a continuous visual distraction by its very nature that makes it much more dangerous by comparison. Whereas cell phone users only look at their devices to dial and identify in-coming calls drivers who text must continually shift their attention back and forth from watching the road to looking at their communications devices. Especially at typical highway speeds, the amount of time typically required to look at a mobile device for texting purposes is too much time to look away from…...

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References

AHAS. (2005). Fact Sheet: Speeding Accessed 26 Nov 2010 from:

 http://www.saferoads.org/issues/fs-speed.htm 

Chisholm, S.L., Caird, J.K., and Lockhart, J. "The effects of practice with MP3 players on driving performance." Accident Analysis & Prevention, Vol. 40, No. 2;

(2007): 704-713.

Mobile Phones
One of the most important concepts in public safety is the idea of "accidents." That is the wrong word for a collision that was avoidable either through attention or preventative measures. There are very few accidents on the roads. There are collisions, and they are caused by either mechanical error or human error. The word 'accident' lets people off the hook for their mistakes, mistakes that nobody should make if they are doing their job. The reality is that there are a lot of things that people do to cause collisions. One is that they take their attention away from the task at hand. When a person is operating a 2000-lb, traveling at a speed sufficient to induce deadly force, one may wish to pay attention, to prevent collisions. Mobile phones are just one of many sources of driver distraction, but there should be penalties associated with driving with…...

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References

Ruiz, R. (2014) A third of UAE drivers admit using phone at wheel. The National. Retrieved May 28, 2015 from  http://www.thenational.ae/uae/transport/a-third-of-uae-drivers-admit-using-phone-at-wheel 

Ruiz, R. (2015). Stowing mobile phones away while driving could save lives, experts say. The National. Retrieved May 28, 2015 from  http://www.thenational.ae/uae/transport/stowing-mobile-phones-away-while-driving-could-save-lives-experts-say 

Nagraj, A. (2014). UAE clamps down on drivers using mobile phones. Gulf Business. Retrieved May 28, 2015 from  http://gulfbusiness.com/2014/08/uae-clamps-drivers-using-mobile-phones/ 

Madden, M. & Lenhart, A. (2009). Teens and distracted driving: Texting, talking and other uses of the cell phone behind the wheel. Pew Research Center. 2009-11-16, 1-16.

messaging during simulated driving," Drews et al. (2009) study the effect that text messaging has on driver attention spans and response times. The authors studied drivers in a driving simulation to examine how the drivers responded to texting while driving. Their findings indicate that texting while driving results in poor driver performance with respect to attention span and response time. The authors note the their scores, which are some of the first in the field, indicate that texting while driving is more dangerous than other forms of driver distraction.
The authors first provide an extensive literature review discussing the issue of distracted driving. They present evidence of how different forms of distracted driving have been show to affect driver competence. The authors also discuss the issue of texting and driving specifically, noting that there has not been much research to this point on the subject, but that they believe texting…...

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References:

Drews, F., Yazdani, H, Godfrey, C., Cooper, J. & Strayer, D. (2009). Text messaging during simulated driving. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Vol. 51 (2009) 762.

Problems to be addressed:

There are several problems associated with the issue of cell phone use while driving and the ineffective regulations to restrict the use of mobile phones on the road. First, the increased use of these devices while driving has significant impacts on driving performance. This is because mobile phone use during driving distracts the driver physically, cognitively, and visually. The distractions contribute to the inability of drivers to maintain required speed, lateral position, and throttle control on the road. Since the driving performance reduces, the risk of crashes and accidents on the roads increases. Studies have shown that drivers miss 13% targets when talking and 24% when dialing or texting (Brace, Young & egan, 2007).

Secondly, cell phone while driving contributes to a major social problem of increased crash risk since it endangers the lives of passengers, drivers, and passersby. In addition to the distractions it causes on drivers,…...

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References:

Bruce, C.L., Young, K.L. & Regan, M.A. (2007, April 17). Analysis of the Literature: The Use

of Mobile Phones while Driving. Retrieved May 12, 2013, from  http://www.nsc.org/news_resources/Resources/Documents/Analysis%20of%20the%20Literature,%20The%20Use%20of%20Mobile%20Phones%20While%20Driving.pdf 

Noder, S.L. (2009). Talking and Texting While Driving: A Look at Regulating Cell Phone Use

Behind the Wheel. Valparaiso University Law Review, 44(1), 237-282.

Cellphone Driving
The Dangers of Using a Cell Phone hile Driving

Statistics connecting cell phone usage with dangerous driving have becoming increasingly readily available. Evidence suggests that cell phones cause drivers to become distracted, to move their eyes off the road and, ultimately, to endanger their lives and the lives of other motorists. ith the advent of texting and emailing by smartphone, these risks are even greater. In spite of this, the United States remains resistant to impose federal legislation that would make it illegal, nationwide, to use a cell phone while driving. Given the evidence relating cell phone use and dangerous driving, there is a strong imperative for the development and passage of distracted driving laws on the national level.

The strongest argument in favor of such a law is the clear and irrefutable evidence denoting the danger of driving while using a cell phone. In fact, an article by Richtel (2009)…...

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Works Cited:

Hanson, D.J. (2012). Driving While Using Cell Phone as Dangerous as Driving While Drunk. Potsdam.edu.

Nationwide. (2013). Driving While Distracted: Statistics to Know. Nationwide.com.

Richtel, M. (2009). Drivers and Legislators Dismiss Cellphone Risks. New York Times.

Young Drivers
Perhaps it is unfair to label all younger drivers as reckless and dangerous. At the very least, they are most certainly less experienced and adept at driving, on average. Since a firm and enforced age is the best way to regulate who can drive for the first time, that is the method that should remain. On average, teen drivers are restricted or banned from driving for several reasons. Those reasons include insufficient brain development, lack of responsibility and a propensity to not pay proper attention. While typecasting people based on age is not always fair, there are reasons behind the age restriction.

Analysis

The first main point to consider when it comes to why children under sixteen should not be driving, at least in an unrestricted way, is insufficient brain development. The ideas and theories about the broader subject development do vary. However, there are some things that tend to be…...

Driving Drunk Dangerous
Mandatory license revocation and sentencing should be applied to all young adults who are convicted of drunk driving. In addition young adults who are found to drive drunk should be forbidden from riding in a vehicle with other young adult passengers for a period of up to one year.

Every year the number of fatalities and serious accidents that result from drunk drivers rises. There have been numerous laws enacted to combat the problem of drunk driving. None of these laws however have been directed specifically at young adults, and recent studies suggest that this population shows a growing trend toward drunk driving. Thus the aim of this paper is to argue for more severe penalties directed specifically at the young adult population, in the hopes that effective countermeasures may be established with regard to the drunk driving problem.

No one would argue that drunk driving is dangerous. Drivers who…...

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References:

Grube, J.W. & Voas, R.B. Predicting underage drinking and driving behaviors. Addiction 91:1843-1857, 1996

National Highway Safety Traffic Administration. Traffic Safety Facts 1995, Report No.

DOT HS 808-471, Washington: Department of Transportation, 1996; In Shacket, R.W. & Yu, J.

Robin, G.D. "Waging the battle against drunk driving: Countermeasures, and Effectiveness." New York: Praeger Publishers, 1991.

Hazards of Using Mobile Phone While Driving
Traffic accidents have become major public health risks in the recent past because of their increase in the recent past. The United Arab Emirates has experienced a significant increase in the number of traffic accidents in the recent past to an extent that it has the eighth highest national rate of accidents across the globe. The increase in traffic accidents is attributed to various factors including the behaviors of drivers when driving. Drivers' behaviors have been affected by various factors including the use of mobile phones while driving. The use of mobile phones while driving is linked to several hazards including the likelihood of traffic accidents since a mobile phone is a distraction that can result in accidents. Drivers should be required to stop using mobile phones while driving, in order to eliminate accidents caused by the use of mobile phone which is…...

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References

Dubai Media Incorporated (2011, October 5). Dh1,200 Fine for Mobile Phone Use While Driving. Emirates 24/7 News. Retrieved May 8, 2015, from  http://www.emirates247.com/news/emirates/dh1-200-fine-for-mobile-phone-use-while-driving-2011-10-05-1.422006 

Nagraj, A. (2014, August 26). UAE Clamps Down on Drivers Using Mobile Phones. Gulf Business. Retrieved May 8, 2015, from  http://gulfbusiness.com/2014/08/uae-clamps-drivers-using-mobile-phones/ #.VUzrM5MgqSo

Ruiz, R. (2014, September 3). A Third of UAE Drivers Admit Using Phone at Wheel. The National UAE. Retrieved May 8, 2015, from  http://www.thenational.ae/uae/transport/a-third-of-uae-drivers-admit-using-phone-at-wheel 

Ruiz, R. (2014, December 6). Risk of Using Hands-free Devices Should Be Addressed by Law Study Shows. The National UAE. Retrieved May 8, 2015, from  http://www.thenational.ae/uae/transport/risk-of-using-hands-free-devices-should-be-addressed-by-law-study-shows

One recent study examined victim impact statements and their ability to reduce repeat offenses of drunk driving (ojek, 1999).
The study looked at those who had been arrested and convicted of drunk driving in which an accident occurred. It examined those who had been rearrested after being in attendance for a victim impact statement program and compared them to those who had been rearrested but had never been exposed to a victim impact statement program.

The study concluded that those who had been exposed to a victim impact statement with regard to their offense had a lower rearrest rate than those who had not heard victim impact statements.

The study examined the results of those who did not receive victim impact statements and found that legal punishment was often the only consequence of driving while under the influence (ojek, 1999).

By contrast, VIPs address the emotional component of the DUI offender's cognitive perspective…...

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References

BADOVINAC, K. (1994)The effects of victim impact panels on attitudes and intentions regarding impaired driving. J. Alcohol Drug Educ. 39 (3): 113-118, 1994.

BRAITHWAITE,(1989) J. Crime, Shame and Reintegration, New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1989.

FORS, S. AND ROJEK, D. (1997) DUI offenders' reactions to a required victim impact panel intervention, Athens, GA: University of Georgia, 1997, unpublished report.

Mejeur, Jeanne (2003) Still driving drunk: strict drunk driving laws don't do much good unless they are vigorously enforced. From: State Legislatures

Complaint Box
ecently, I was riding behind a car in a 40 mph zone. The Toyota Corolla in front of me was going 25 mph. A line of angry motorists were following behind us. The slow car was bobbing and swaying, not keeping a clear, linear path forward. When the road finally opened up into two lanes, I was able to pass the car. Instead of a frail and elderly person in the driver's seat, which my slightly prejudiced mind's eye had envisioned, there was a young man -- yakking away on his cellphone, oblivious to the world around him.

People who drive while talking on a cellphone insist they are great drivers. Other people might have problems with distractions, but they do not, they say. However, all of the anecdotal evidence to which I have been exposed indicates the contrary. I have seen people run red lights -- or sit in…...

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Reference

Calandra, Lion. (2009). Public grooming. The New York Times. Retrieved:

 http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/11/06/complaint-box-public-grooming/

ethical issues that need to be taken into consideration when using human subjects in research. The biggest thing is informed consent. The subjects need to fully understand what the nature of the research is. Where there are risk to the subject -- unlikely in an interview setting -- these need to be fully explained. In observation research, there is much more risk because the subjects are actually doing things, and this risk should be identified to the subject. It is the job of the researcher to anticipate the risks to the subject.
The biggest thing with respect to minimizing risks is to understand ahead of time what those risks are. For me, I do not foresee too much risk. This means that aside from providing some opportunity for informed consent there are no real issues. If there are situations where risk is involved with human subjects, then there is often…...

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References

Mannix, E. & Neale (2005). What differences make a difference? Psychological Science in the Public Interest. Retrieved November 27, 2013 from http://isites.harvard.edu/fs/docs/icb.topic143730.files/MannixNeale_2005.pdf

Ritchie, J. & Lewis, J. (2003) Qualitative Research Practice: A Guide for Social Science Students. London: Sage Publications.

Spending ClauseFrom the onset, it would be prudent to note that Congress has been granted the power, under the Spending Clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 1), to lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts, and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defense and the general Welfare of the United States (Sedler 2019, 137). The Spending Clause further gives Congress the authority to require that, in exchange for federal funding, federal funds recipients implement certain policies or embrace various proposed actions. Thus, through this Clause, Congress can regulate the conduct of federal funds recipients by demanding that they adhere to certain requirements prior to their access of the said funds. It should however be noted that there are a number of constitutional limitations in as far as Congress deployment of funding conditions is concerned. It therefore follows that whether or not the Act is constitutional under this…...

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ReferencesSedler, Robert. 2019. Constitutional Law in the United States. Philadelphia: Kluwer Law International.

Society Bring Law
Law Alteration

There is a fair amount of veracity in the assumption that major changes in society frequently account for changes in laws. The relationship between these two occurrences appears fairly direct and even logical. Major changes in society ultimately result in different types of behavior in people. When people begin acting differently, their actions tend to produce different consequences than before whatever change was made in society. Not all of these consequences are favorable. Some are dangerous, and many times, they are unforeseen and can have a significant impact on society in a way that was not intended due to whatever sort of change was initiated. Therefore, there are frequent occurrences of alterations in the law to accommodate for these unforeseen occurrences, and to attempt to preserve the original spirit and safety of the law.

Numerous examples can substantiate this thesis. Virtually any aspect of technology can readily…...

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References

Brown, D. (2012). "Cell phones and driving in California." Nolo. Web. Retrieved from  http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/cell-phones-driving-california-law-29709.html 

Kay, M., Vance, Andrea. (2011). "Controversial internet file-sharing law passed." Stuff.co.nz. Web. Retrieved from  http://www.stuff.co.nz/technology/digital-living/4885041/Controversial-internet-file-sharing-law-passed 

Miller, N. (2010). "Georgia's new texting while driving law." HG.org. Web. Retrieved from  http://www.hg.org/article.asp?id=19555

Drive 55" isn't just a song; it's the truth. Drivers in Oregon need a higher speed limit on major freeways to encourage a more natural flow of traffic. Raising the speed limit to 75 miles per hour is not going to create more hazardous roads. In fact, raising the speed limit to 75 mph would encourage a more natural and therefore safer flow of traffic in the left-hand lanes of major state freeways. Real road hazards include distractions like texting while driving, or impairment like sleepiness or intoxication. These are the issues law enforcement should concern itself with, leaving alone those who drive 75 mph. For a long time, speed limits have been associated with highway safety with the assumption that slower is safer. While it is certain that reckless driving is a public safety hazard, speed itself is not. Raising the Oregon freeway speed limit to 75 mph…...