Terrorism refers to threats, violence, bombings, etc. Terrorism is known to have a long history, but even today, the reason behind this terror by the super powers and the government remains explicit. The acts of terror are very common these days and could be found in current political and social environment. A part of terror is still confused when it is applied in the actual present world (obb, 2007).
Where the word terrorism comes from and its definitions

According to the department of USA that deals with terrorism, defense, violence etc., terrorism could be defined as "something that creates illegal violence, fear, chaos among the population. Common basis of terror are politics, religion or even ideology. They threat the society to achieve their goals." The main features are fear, threats and aggression that lead to terror in the victims. Another similar definition by the FBI states that terrorism involves illegal forces that…...

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References

Allen, C, (2006), God's Terrorists: The Wahhabi Cult and the Hidden Roots of Modern Jihad, Cambridge, MA, Da Capo Press.

Bascio, P, (2007), Defeating Islamic Terrorism: An Alternative Strategy, Wellesley, MA, Branden Books.

Nacos, B.L, (2006), Terrorism and Counterterrorism: Understanding Threats and Responses in the Post-9/11 World, New York, Pearson/Longman.

Robb, J. (2007), Brave New War: The Next Stage of Terrorism and the End of Globalization, Hoboken, NJ, John Wiley & Sons.

Terrorism
The term "terrorism" is profoundly political, as can be seen by the numerous definitions of terrorism and the lack of a globally-agreed description. The myriad definitions show nations struggling to define "terrorism" in self-serving ways. Efforts to clarify and unify those definitions vary from legalistic to nearly bombastic. After listing many definitions from different nations and from within the United States, itself, this paper examines a legalistic attempt to lay the groundwork for a universal definition, then a more cutting attempt to dispel the self-serving political "fog" surrounding these definitions. The common thread in both approaches is the appeal to diplomatically weigh competing national interests in order to form a workable worldwide definition of "terrorism

Definitions of Terrorism

a. UN General Assembly Resolution 54/109 (1999)

"Criminal acts intended or calculated to provoke a state of terror in the general public, a group of persons or particular persons for political purposes are in any…...

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Works Cited

Arab Convention on Terrorism. (2009, June 18). Document: Arab Convention on Terrorism, 1998. Retrieved from Al-Bab Web site:  http://www.al-bab.com/arab/docs/league/terrorism98.htm 

Department of Justice Canada. (2008, April 1). The Anti-Terrorism Act. Retrieved from Department of Justice Canada Web site: http://www.justice.gc.ca/antiter/sheetfiche/terrordefp1-terreurdefp1-eng.asp#tfpotdota

Office of the Law Revision Counsel, U.S. House of Representatives. (2011, January 7). U.S. Code. Retrieved from U.S.Code.House.gov Web site:  http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe-getdoc+uscview+t17t20+1097+8++%28terrorism%29%20%20AND%20%28%2818%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20 

The Council of the European Union. (2002, June 13). Official Journal of the European Communities | (Acts adopted pursuant to Title VI of the Treaty on European Union) | Council Framework Decision of 13 June 2002 on Combating Terrorism | (2002/475/JHA). Retrieved from Eur-lex.europa.eu Web site:  http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2002:164:0003:0003:EN:PDF

Terrorism Influences
Terrorism has no specific definition and its definition largely depends upon the viewpoint of an individual for example Samuel Adams (a well-known revolutionary fireband) or Thomas Gefferson would have been terrorist from ritish perspective but they have been Great heroes from American perspective. Take the case of George Washington who was previously fighting with ritish army against French and was loyalist of ritish crown but later on he sought American independence from ritish rule and became terrorist in the eyes of ritish (Kreamer).

ut there is an accepted definition of terrorism as UN has reached on no consensus but generally crimes against humanity, war crimes, cleansing of ethnicity and genocide are included in definition of terrorism. Recent trial of osnian Serb army Chief Ratko Mladic on the charges of genocide has been included in the concept of terrorism by various circles. Similarly, act of genocide by Hitler has also been…...

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Bibliography

Fine, J. (2008). contrastin secular and religious terrorism. Retrieved from Middle east forun:  http://www.meforum.org/1826/contrasting-secular-and-religious-terrorism 

Kahn, P.F. (2004). Protection against weapons of mass destruction.

Kreamer, T.A. (n.d.). Archiving early America. Retrieved from Sons of Liberty:Patriots or Terrorist:  http://www.earlyamerica.com/review/fall96/sons.html 

Kurgel, L. (2011, August). e-International Relations. Retrieved from Terrorism and Global economy:  http://www.e-ir.info/2011/08/31/what-is-the-impact-of-terrorism-on-the-ipe/

Global Jihad, a Myth or Reality

The Jihad is often associated with a certain Muslim fight against the unfaithful, one that has been going on for decades now and which is unlikely to stop in coming years. However, despite this sustainable development of the notion and everything it entangles, it cannot be stated without a doubt that this is an obvious reality. This assumption is made based on the fact that the Jihad, as a means of war, is an artificial creation rather than one that is dictated by religion or supported by it.

This perspective largely depends on the point-of-view that is applied when looking at the global jihad. Therefore, from the point-of-view of the extremist Muslims the Jihad is an inevitable took with which pressure is applied on the "unfaithful." It represents a legitimate expression of the will of the Muslim and is justified in particular by the fact that…...

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Works cited

Kaplan, Eben. Targets for Terrorists: Post-9/11 Aviation Security. Council of Foreign Relations. 2006. Available at  http://www.cfr.org/publication/11397/targets_for_terrorists.html#3 

Townshend, Charles. "Terrorism: in search of the definite article." Open Democracy. 2007, available at  http://www.opendemocracy.net/conflicts/democracy_terror/what_is_terrorism 

Wilkinson, Paul. "The Strategic Implications of Terrorism." Terrorism & Political Violence. A Sourcebook. Indian Council of Social Science Research. Haranand Publications. India, 2000.

Terrorism is at this point one of the main threats that decision makers in the field of national security have to deal with especially in the United States. The issue has been raised mainly after the events from 9/11 2001, but have been a constant concern for the law enforcement agencies since the beginning of the 90s and even before. The United States have a particular way in which it deals with homeland security issues given the nature of its administrative and political organization. The national, regional, and local law enforcement agencies and subdivisions are the ones that provide the legal and operational framework and background for actions to be taken at all the levels that could be affected by a terrorist threat or by any time of threat posed at the homeland security.
The present paper researches the role national security agencies have, with due regard for the shared responsibility…...

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Bibliography

Department of Homeland Security. (2013) "About" Official website of the Department of Homeland Security. Available at http://www.dhs.gov/about-dhs

New York State Police. (2013)Specialized Services. Available at  http://www.troopers.ny.gov/Specialized_Services/ 

New York State Police. (2013)Vision, Values and Mission. Available at  http://www.troopers.ny.gov/Introduction/ 

Suffolk County Police Department. (2013) Specialized Units. Available at http://apps.suffolkcountyny.gov/police/specialunits.htm

TEOISM & NATIONAL POLICY
Terrorism and National Policy

The main concern of the U.S. National Security Council relates to the existing terrorist movements that pose risks to Americans citizens and its territory. The U.S. has historically been one of the main targets of the Islamist terrorist groups alongside other countries such as Israel. The U.S. has undertaken various national policies to combat terrorism within and beyond its borders. However, the September 11 attacks on U.S. led the U.S. through Bush Administration to take up critical measures to deal with terrorism and its threats. This saw the U.S. attacking the backyard of renowned terrorists Iraq and Afghanistan being key targets. This led to the top leaders being killed and ushered in the leaderless Jihad terrorist movements existent today. These new movements demand new approaches to combat them. New ideologies and measures must be designed to ensure that the leaderless Jihad terrorist movements diminish.

Sageman's…...

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Reference List

Cameron, Fraser. U.S. Foreign Policy after The Cold War. (London: Routledge, 2005), 64-98

Johnston, Douglas. Religion, Terror, and Error. (New York: ABC-CLIO, 2011), 55-94

Lebovic, James. Deterring International Terrorism And Rogue States: U.S. National Security

Policy After 9/11, (New York: Taylor & Francis, 2007), 99-154

Terrorism
The efforts to outdo terrorists are seemingly falling off, leaving with it underprivileged notion of the prospective for a proper psychological involvement to terrorist perception only. However, the bulk research within this circumference have brought about hopeful as well as exhilarating beginning for an intangible progress in coming to terms to psychological procedure transversely to all ranks of terrorist activities. An argument has come up for much considerable detachment with a clearer task for psychological study to inform as well as improve realistic counterterrorism activities. This paper demonstrates knowledge and assimilation of terrorism perspectives, counter- and anti-terrorism, and aspects relating to prediction, prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response and post-response (recovery) activities and analyze it in terms of how it would be dealt with it in terms of a counterterrorism plan that includes orientation (diplomatic, military, law enforcement, etc.) and specific strategies and tactics you would develop relating to prediction, prevention, mitigation,…...

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Work Cited

Whittaker, D.J. (2012). The terrorism reader (4th ed.). New York: Routledge. (ISBN: 978-0-415-68732-4)

Terrorism Annotated Bibliography
Gardner, K.L. (2007). Fighting terrorism the FATF way. Global Governance: a Review of Multilateralism and nternational Organizations. (13:3). 325-45. FATF, or Financial Task Force, is considered a successful organization in terms of investigating how global terrorism is funded. Without financial backing, the complexities required that go into terrorism attacks would not be possible. Kathryn Gardner argues that other aspects of investigation into potential terrorist organization could benefit from duplicating the FATF model. The three factors Gardner identifies that are most pertinent to these investigations are: coordination, flexibility, and commitment by the government.

dentification of terrorist threats and fighting global terror must be a joint effort. Only through coordinated efforts on the part of law enforcement agencies can terrorism be properly tracked and the threats evaluated. Although differing scholars have not decided upon a universal protocol for conduct, what they do all concur with is the idea that terrorist cells…...

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In order to find ways to combat terrorism in the future, there should be increased focus on research into currently functioning organizations, how they communicate, and how they can access dangerous technologies. In this day and age, the world is changing rapidly and while we can learn about our own country's mistakes from past terrorist attacks, there is little else that can be gained in terms of combating terrorism or in predicting future attacks. By taking Ranstorp's suggestions seriously, emphasis can be placed on identification and proper research methodologies, thereby performing efficient work into prevention.

Sinclair, S.J. & LoCicero, A. (2007). Fearing future terrorism: development, validation, and psychometric testing of the terrorism catastrophizing scale (TCS). Traumatology. Sage. (13: 4). 75-90. Samuel Sinclair and Alice LoCicero, in this study, have devised a scale by which potential psychological damage to terrorism can be measured. This is an important aspect of terror management theory (TMT). Terrorism, by the very definition of the word, are acts which are designed to inflict terror and therefore their psychological results are important components of their success. The scale measures these threats based upon three criteria, rumination, magnification, and helplessness.

Although the test is designed to test the individual and how they respond to terrorism, it can be applied to a national scale. The more likely that a group is to psychologically break down in the threat of terrorist action, the more important it is to prevent action because the group will be more likely to be attacked. If a terrorist organization knows one country's population will be psychologically decimated, then it makes sense that they will devote their resources to harming that group instead of going after a more resilient population.

Terrorism in Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland has been traditionally associated with pleasant concepts standing as a reference to its beautiful landscape, its benevolent people, and the general atmosphere in the country. However, things have changed significantly in recent decades as terrorism has pervaded the nation and as terrorists there have become more determined and more powerful. hile the Irish Republican Army's choice to employ non-violent strategies in dealing with the government influenced many in thinking that Northern Ireland should no longer be considered a terrorism hotspot, the Real IRA's recent actions prove otherwise, taking into account that the group's members are resolute about having the whole world accept their thinking regardless of the fact that they have to kill innocent individuals in order to get what they want.

Body

Ireland has had a long history of political and social problems as a result of English intervention on the island. The fact that the…...

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Works cited:

Whittaker, David J., "TERRORISM READER," (Routledge, 12.12.2012)

Terrorism in Western Europe
That terrorism, be it transnational or domestic, impacts negatively on the overall well-being of economies is a well-known fact. With that in mind, governments have overtime embraced numerous counterterrorism measures in an attempt to mitigate the adverse effects of terrorist activities. In this text, I concern myself with terrorism in Western Europe. In so doing, I will limit my discussion to two countries in Western Europe where I will explore the history of terrorism and the various counterterrorism efforts being undertaken by law enforcement.

Terrorism in Western Europe: An Overview

To a keen analyst, Western Europe remains one of the most developed regions in the world today in terms of democracy and freedom. Further, most of the countries in this region are relatively wealthy and provide their citizens with significant rights and privileges (Engene, 2004). However, though Western European countries have relatively responsible governments in comparison to other countries…...

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References

Antonello, P. & O'Leary, A. (2009). Imagining Terrorism: The Rhetoric and Representation of Political Violence in Italy 1969-2009. MHRA.

Engene, J.O. (2004). Terrorism in Western Europe: Explaining the Trends since 1950. Edward Elgar Publishing.

Kearns, T.C. & Weber, J.L. (2010). Terrorism. Infobase Publishing.

Terrorism
Memo to the Department of Homeland Security: There are federal statutes on the books that can help address the way that terrorists finance their draconian operations. This document delves into the specifics of how financing can be cut off or at least addressed to some extent, enough to bottle up terrorist movements which of course require money.

hat is terrorist financing?

Jeff Breinholt coordinated the Department of Justice Terrorist Financing Task Force in 2003, and he published an article explaining what the law is in the United States vis-a-vis terrorist financing. "Terrorist financing enforcement has emerged as a powerful means of disrupting…" those terrorist supporters in the U.S., and also "…those who use our financial system and generosity against us" (Breinholt, 2003, p. 1).

Breinholt explains that terrorist financing entails "…the act of knowingly providing something of value to persons and groups engaged in terrorist activity," this crime has actually been in the…...

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Works Cited

Breinholt, Jeff. (2003). Terrorist Financing. United States Attorney's Bulletin. 51(4).

Retrieved November 13, 2012, from U.S. Department of Justice.

Elsea, Jennifer K. And Murphy, Maureen M. (2006). Treasury's Terrorist Finance Program's

Access to Information Held by the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial

Terrorism is an act that requires will, determination, conviction, and intelligence to number merely a few attributes. Whereas the first three regard purely motivational attitudes, the latter implies the skillfulness to act according to what drives the act. Today, technology facilitates terrorist activities and thus national security is more so endangered and with it, people's lives and the well being of societies are put at risk. Modern technological means of communication and information technology allow for prospective terrorist individuals to connect with each other at unlimited level, whereas no previous time boundaries and distances restrict them. Director of National Intelligence ames Clapper admitted to the ever-growing concern for an increase in number of advanced cyber attacks within the following years. If, in 2011, the issue was among the last addressed, cyber threats moved ahead of the list a year later when it was acknowledged that ?we currently face a cyber…...

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James R. Clapper, op. cit., p. 6.

James R. Clapper, ibid., p. 18.

Idem,, "Statement for the Record on the Worldwide Threat Assessment on the U.S. Intelligence Community for the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence" (Assessment of threats presented to the House Permanent Select Committee, February 10, 2011), p. 32.

Rational choices are limited in this setting, and may merely consist of making the best of the worst available alternatives. The American public is becoming increasingly frustrated with national policymakers who seem to be firing global broadsides but are not able to hit anything. In fact, utler even questions whether the war on terrorism is a struggle against Osama bin Laden, his Al Qaeda network, and a few similarly minded groups, or, "is it also an effort to undermine the paradigm that anything goes in the name of a cause and the idea that even the slaughter of civilians is an acceptable political act?

3. Predict the most important trends in terrorism.

Clearly, things are going to get worse before they get better. Today militant Islam is gaining power and influence around the world. The relentless increase in the destructive capacity of small groups and individuals has been fueled in large party…...

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Bibliography

Butler, Paul. (2002). Foreword: Terrorism and Utilitarianism Lessons from, and for, Criminal Law. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Vol. 93, Issue 1, p. 1.

Cetron, Marvin J. & Owen Davies. (March/April 2003). Trends Shaping the Future. Futurist, Vol. 37, Issue 2, p. 30.

Chalk, Peter. (1998). The Response to Terrorism as a Threat to Liberal Democracy. The Australian Journal of Politics and History. Vol. 44, Issue 3, p. 373.

Elnur, Ibrahim. (2003). 11 September and the Widening North-South Gap: Root Causes of Terrorism in the Global Order. Arab Studies Quarterly, Vol. 25, Issue 1-2, p. 57.

As any crime, an act of terrorism can happen at any time and anywhere without anyone suspecting it. In spite of being unable to stop all terrorist acts from happening, the fight against terrorism has surely contributed to diminishing it.
After the 9/11 attack in the U.S., terrorism has been taken to a whole new level, as, the whole world has been traumatized. Most people regard terrorism as one of the greatest problems that humanity has to face in the present. However, as it has been proved, terrorism, when compared to other threats that the world has to face, causes very little damage. Furthermore, the chances of one becoming involved in a terrorist act are more than insignificant. As years passed, consequent to the events from 2001, the fear of an impending terrorist act did not pass, and Americans feel just as scared as they were right after the events.…...

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Works cited:

1. Crenshaw, Martha. (1981). The Causes of Terrorism. Comparative Politics, Vol. 13, No. 4 (Jul., 1981), pp. 379-399.

2. Mueller, John. (2007). REACTING TO TERRORISM: PROBABILITIES, CONSEQUENCES, AND THE PERSISTENCE OF FEAR. Retrieved April 29, 2009, from The Ohio State University Web site:  http://polisci.osu.edu/faculty/jmueller/ISA2007T.PDF 

3. Victoroff, Jeff. (2005). The Mind of the Terrorist: A Review and Critique of Psychological Approaches. The Journal of Conflict Resolution. Vol. 49, No. 1 (Feb., 2005), pp. 3-42.

4. Whittaker David J. Terrorists and Terrorism in the Contemporary World. Routledge, 2004.

Although they created considerable turmoil in Germany for over a decade, it is questionable what they actually accomplished. The Gang gradually disappeared from the scene and has not been heard from for a number of years. Their activities, however, did cause a major change in how Germany, as a nation, addressed terrorism within its borders. Because of the Gang's activities, Germany enacted some of the broadest enforcement laws available for combating terrorism.
The activities of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam are much broader-based than those of the Baader-Meinhof Gang. The LTTE membership numbered in the thousands and had clearly defined mission: the establishment of homeland for the Tamils. This terrorist group has maintained itself for an extended period of time and, despite being no closer to accomplishing its goals now than it was thirty years ago still maintains its activities. The LTTE marked a new era in terrorism by…...

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References

Alex, P.S. (2010). Frameworks for Conceptualizing Terrorism. Terrorism and Political Violence, 197-221.

Aust, S. (1987). The Baader-Meinhoff Group: The inside story of a phenomenon. London: Bodley Head.

Combs, C. (1997). Terrorism in the Twenty-First Century. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Manoj, J. (1996). On the Razor's Edge: The liberation tigers of Tamil Eelam. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 19-42.

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Operation Anaconda was, at the time, the largest combat operation in Afghanistan as part of the War on Terrorism that was declared after the 9-11 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon.  It was launched on March 2, 2002.  Major General F.L. Hagenback, the commander of the U.S. Army 10^th Mountain Division, was responsible for leading an offensive attack on al-Qaeda and Taliban forces that were located in the Shahi-Kot Valley/ Arma Mountain region near Zormat in Afghanistan.  It was the first major battle after the Battle of Tora Bora and was the first battle to feature American....

We would start this essay by looking at the Department of State’s list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations.  Looking at that list is a great way to identify transnational terrorist groups.  Working from those groups, you could the identify a transnational group that is linked to a domestic terrorist group.  The County Reports on Terrorism also reveal how international terrorist groups work and can provide some insight into their ties to domestic organizations.  Working this way may be important for the integrity of your research because the designation of groups as domestic terrorist groups changed....

The term global perspective actually has a few different meanings, depending on the discipline.  It can refer to an individual’s personal lens and how they view the globe; to various perspectives about an issue from around the globe; and to views linked to globalization and the impact of individual or nation-wide actions on the world and its inhabitants.   We are going to provide a range of topic suggestions that incorporate all of these different definitions of global perspectives, with the most suggestions coming from the last topic, as it is the most commonly used across academic disciplines.

A-levels....