The policy has discussed the issue of contamination as a whole, it should be more specific about the threats posed by different types of chemicals, organic materials or other dangerous materials and in a broad perspective and compare these problems with one another in order to justify which is a bigger threat and which is considered a nominal threat, in this regard the policymakers should have given more info on the most common types of hazardous materials which pollute the land, and then compare them with one another to justify to the reader about which is the bigger threat comparable to other threats

The main emphasis of the policy is to remediate the land affected by contamination in a sense that only if there is something new being developed in the proposed land,

"Close co-ordination between planning authorities, transport authorities and pollution control regulators is essential to meet the common objective that…...

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References

Planning Policy Statement 23: Planning and Pollution Control

Office of deputy Prime Minister (2004)

Annex 2: Development on Land Affected by Contamination

Office of deputy Prime Minister (2004)

Reduction of air pollution (PM 2.5) in Beijing, China
The environmental challenge of pollution has been at the top of the agenda in any conferences where the environmental conservation is the theme. There are various categories of pollution that are experienced and one of the major one, and sadly the fasted growing and dangerous, is air pollution. There are various cities that are considered worse off in terms of air pollution and Beijing, China happens to be one of the leading cities in air pollution.

Over the years, there has been a serious problem of air pollution within Beijing, with some levels going so high that the reach the 151-200 air quality index (AQI) such that the residents of these areas have to use masks (U.S. Department of State, 2014 Mission China: Beijing). The main sources of pollution within this city have been noted over time to be exhaust from the more…...

While global warming is still hotly debated global pollution is already a fact. An environmentally sustainable development plan is the need of the hour.
ibliography

1) University of East Anglia (2009, November 17). 'Fossil fuel carbon dioxide emissions up by 29% since 2000.' ScienceDaily. Retrieved December 9, 2009, from http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/11/091117133504.htm

2) NGC, 'Acid Rain', retrieved Dec 9th 2009, from,, http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/acid-rain-overview.html

3) WHO, (2006), 'Indoor air pollution. 4000 deaths a day must no longer be ignored', retrieved Dec 9th 2009, from, http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/84/7/editorial30706html/en/index.html

4) lacksmith Institute, (2009) 'Pollution Facts, Retrieved December 9, 2009, from, 'http://www.worstpolluted.org/pollution-facts-2009.html

5) U.S. PIRG Education Fund, (Jan 2005), 'Pollution on the Rise: Local Trends in Power Plant Pollution', retrieved Dec 9th 2009, from http://cdn.publicinterestnetwork.org/assets/0kExFsxeEE6g_YLDhOxTAA/Pollution_On_The_Rise.pdf

6) NASA, 'NASA Satellite Measure Pollution from East Asia to North America', retrieved Dec 9th 2009, from, http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/pollution_measure.html

7) EEA Report, (2008) 'Greenhouse Gas Emission Trends and Production in Europe 2008', retrieved Dec 9th 2009, from, http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/eea_report_2008_5/Trends_and_projections_2008_executive_summary.pdf

8) Worldwatch Institute, (Dec 2005),…...

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Bibliography

1) University of East Anglia (2009, November 17). 'Fossil fuel carbon dioxide emissions up by 29% since 2000.' ScienceDaily. Retrieved December 9, 2009, from  http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/11/091117133504.htm 

2) NGC, 'Acid Rain', retrieved Dec 9th 2009, from,,  http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/acid-rain-overview.html 

3) WHO, (2006), 'Indoor air pollution. 4000 deaths a day must no longer be ignored', retrieved Dec 9th 2009, from,  http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/84/7/editorial30706html/en/index.html 

4) Blacksmith Institute, (2009) 'Pollution Facts, Retrieved December 9, 2009, from, ' http://www.worstpolluted.org/pollution-facts-2009.html

Multiple forms of pollution are quickly becoming a focal point of concern for many societies concerned with both human and natural environments. One of the primary difficulties with controlling pollution is that it frequently comes from many sources and possesses the power to contaminate numerous aspects of life. Additionally, companies and corporations are often very resistive to implementing pollution controls, as they can have substantial costs associated with them. Ordinary citizens, as well, tend to resist actions that potentially could help the environment simply because they are time consuming or conflict with other aims. Nevertheless, as the population of the earth grows and Americans continue to utilize an ever increasing amount of the world's resources and energy, pollution is reaching levels that threaten lives and the traditional functioning of society.
One form of pollution that has received increased attention in recent years has been noise pollution. Usually, the problem is associated…...

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Works Cited:

Asia Africa Intelligence Wire. (2005). "Pollution: Smells Like Money." Financial Times, Feb. 18.

Asia Africa Intelligence Wire. (2005). "Too Little, Too Late to Check Pollution." Financial Times, Feb. 17.

Dodson, Stanley I. And Anthony R. Ives. (1998). Ecology. New York: Oxford University Press.

Edwards, Rob. (2005). "Study Reveals Cancer Risk to Unborn Babies from City-Center Air Pollution." Sunday Herald, Feb. 20.

This method makes effective use of ability of metals to float on surfaces of leachates on their own. Due to the high proven efficiency of this method, it is widely used for removal of heavy metals such as iron and humic acid from leachates in many parts of the world.
emoval of Plastic from Municipal Waste

Plastic is a non-biodegradable waste that has low recycling margin. Unfortunately, plastic is widely used in everyday products is heavily present in the municipal waste. The environmental threat posed by the presence of plastic in municipal waste is another major issue. Major plastic types that are commonly found in UK municipal waste include PET, high density polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, low density polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and other plastics such as melamine. Major source of these types of plastic are fizzy drink bottles, bottles of detergents and washing liquids, plastic plates cups and spoons, bin bags, microwavable…...

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Reference List

Colls, J 2002, Air Pollution, Spon Press, London.

Friends of Earth 2009, Briefing Pyrolysis, Gasification and Plasma, Friends of Earth Limited Company, viewed 25 January 2011, <  http://www.foe.co.uk/resource/briefings/gasification_pyrolysis.pdf >.

Hill, T 2010, Pyrolysis and Gasification briefing, UK without incineration, viewed 25 January 2011, <

eferences

Blondeau, P., Tiffonnet, a.L., Damian, a., Amiri, O., and Molina, J.L. (2003). Assessment of contaminant diffusivities in building materials from porosimetry tests. Indoor Air, 13(3), 310-318.

Daisey, J.M., Angell, W.J., and Apte, M.G. (2003). Indoor air quality, ventilation and health symptoms in schools: an analysis of existing information. Indoor Air, 13(1), 53-64.

Fink a. (1998). Conducting research literature reviews: From paper to the Internet . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage

Overmeire, M.V., Verbrandt, F.J.. & Jonckheere, .E. (1999) Noise Pollution: Causes, effects and control. In Environmental Management in Practice: Compartments, Stressors, and Sectors. Volume: 2, eds. Nath, B. Hens, L. Compton, P. & Devuyst, D. London: outledge.

Palfrey, J. (1994) Community child health: An action plan for today. Westport, CT: Praeger

Pope, C.A., Thun, M.J., Namboodiri, M.M., Dockery, D.W., Evans, J.S., Speizer, F.E., and Heath, C.W. (1995). Particulate air pollution as a predictor of mortality in a prospective study of U.S. adults. American Journal of espiratory…...

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References

Blondeau, P., Tiffonnet, a.L., Damian, a., Amiri, O., and Molina, J.L. (2003). Assessment of contaminant diffusivities in building materials from porosimetry tests. Indoor Air, 13(3), 310-318.

Daisey, J.M., Angell, W.J., and Apte, M.G. (2003). Indoor air quality, ventilation and health symptoms in schools: an analysis of existing information. Indoor Air, 13(1), 53-64.

Fink a. (1998). Conducting research literature reviews: From paper to the Internet . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage

Overmeire, M.V., Verbrandt, F.J.R. & Jonckheere, R.E. (1999) Noise Pollution: Causes, effects and control. In Environmental Management in Practice: Compartments, Stressors, and Sectors. Volume: 2, eds. Nath, B. Hens, L. Compton, P. & Devuyst, D. London: Routledge.

urban area of Tampa, Florida, and serves as an instrumental case study of how an urban locale can address problems of environmental health and safety. Specifically, this study assesses the failures and successes of Tampa to regulate and reduce water, air and waste pollution through various programs. Through quantitative analysis of city managers' statistics and survey of the population (random sampling), findings indicate that positive steps have been taken through initiatives like S.W.E.E.P. and the attention given to Tampa's estuaries and water sources so as to maintain healthy ecosystems. However, air pollution has yet to be addressed, as the state has eliminated its vehicle emissions testing. Coal-burning power plants like Big Bend also contribute to air pollution and a discussion of the beneficial impact of wind power is provided as a recommendation for addressing this issue.
Environmental Health and Safety Case Study: Tampa, Florida

Introduction

Urban areas in the U.S. are impacted…...

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References

Ackermannn, T., Soder, L. (2000). Wind energy technology and current status: a review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 4(4): 315-374.

Boyle, G. (2012). Renewable Energy: Power for a Sustainable Future. UK: Oxford.

City of Tampa. (2013). Solid Waste Recycling. Tampagov.net. Retrieved from  http://www.tampagov.net/solid-waste/programs/automated-recycling 

Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing among

AI POLLUTIONAir PollutionIn BriefAir Pollution happens to be one of the major health issues the world faces today. This is more so the case given that this particular issue has been associated with poor health outcomes. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2021), a total of 6 pollutants have been identified by the EPA for criteria and regulatory purposes. The said pollutants are; carbon monoxide, lead, nitrogen oxides, ground-level ozone, particle pollution (often referred to as particulate matter), and sulfur oxides (CDC).Facts about Air Pollution1. Air pollution is considered to be one of the most critical environmental health hazards today (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences - NIEHS, 2022).2. Exposure to pollutants has been linked to oxidative stress as well as inflammation with both affecting body cells (NIEHS, 2022).3. A wide range of health conditions have been linked to exposure to pollutants. These are…...

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ReferencesCenters for Disease Control and Prevention – CDC (2021). Air Pollutants.   Institute of Environmental Health Sciences – NIEHS (2022). Air Pollution and Your Health.  https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/air-pollution/index.cfm World Health Organization - WHO (2019). Health Consequences of Air Pollution on Populations.  https://www.who.int/news/item/15-11-2019-what-are-health-consequences-of-air-pollution-on-populationshttps://www.cdc.gov/air/pollutants.htm National

How Pollution Negatively Affects Our HealthPollution is an important issue today because it impacts both the health of the planet and the health of human beings around the planet. In fact, whenever the planet is harmed by pollution, humans are harmed as well because people depend upon the environment for sustenance. Pollution is therefore a major social and environmental issue that has negative effects on both the environment and human health. There are many different types of pollution, such as air pollution, water pollution, and noise pollution. All of these types of pollution can have negative consequences for the people, and include consequences such as damage to ecosystems, climate change, and poisoning. Pollution can cause respiratory problems, cancer, and other health issues for people, depending on the type of pollution (Turner et al., 2020). Even noise pollution can harm peoples mental health and have both short and long-term effects on…...

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ReferencesMa, J., Li, C., Kwan, M. P., & Chai, Y. (2018). A multilevel analysis of perceived noise pollution, geographic contexts and mental health in Beijing. International journal of environmental research and public health, 15(7), 1479.Turner, M. C., Andersen, Z. J., Baccarelli, A., Diver, W. R., Gapstur, S. M., Pope III, C. A., ... & Cohen, A. (2020). Outdoor air pollution and cancer: An overview of the current evidence and public health recommendations. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, 70(6), 460-479.WHO. (2018). Nine out of ten breathe polluted air. Retrieved from   (2022). How air pollution is destroying our health. Retrieved from  https://www.who.int/news-room/spotlight/how-air-pollution-is-destroying-our-healthhttps://www.who.int/news-room/detail/02-05-2018-9-out-of-10-people-worldwide-breathe-polluted-air-but-more-countries-are-taking-action WHO.

China's Health Indicators
China has gone through impressive economic development over the past few years, and has experienced a big reduction in poverty along with other positive achievements. Due to improvement in living conditions, nutrition, and healthcare, there have been " ... declines in infant mortality and deaths from infectious diseases," according to The New England Journal of Medicine (He, 2005). But there have also been negatives associated with urbanization and industrialization -- in particular China's stubborn air pollution and its negative impacts on health -- that have increased the risk of " ... chronic disease, including vascular disease and cancer" (He, 1125). This paper reviews the health indicators for China along with other pertinent data and information relating to the well-being of the Chinese people.

China's Demographics and Data on Health Issues

The population of China (based on 2013 data from the orld Health Organization -- HO) is approximately 1.363 billion. The…...

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Works Cited

He, J, Gu, D., Wu, X, Reynolds, K., Duan, X., Yao, C., Wang, J., Chen, C-S, Chen, J.,

Wildman, R.P., Klag, M.J., and Whelton, P.K. (2005). Major Causes of Death among

Men and Women in China. The New England Journal of Medicine, 353(11), 1124-34.

Ooi, E. W-L. (2005). The World Bank's Assistance to China's Health Sector. The World

The Unseen Fallout: Investigating Air Quality Deterioration in Oakridge Town Construction SiteIntroductionOakridge Town, an idyllic community known for its peaceful atmosphere and clean air, is currently grappling with an unexpected adversary: severe air pollution caused by a large-scale construction project situated in the heart of the community. A new mall and high-rise apartment complex, touted as the spearhead of urban development in the town, are ironically turning into sources of increasing public health concern. The construction activities, employing a multitude of heavy equipment, have led to an alarming surge in dust and exhaust emissions, inundating the surrounding homes and businesses with a virtually invisible, yet profoundly harmful, shroud of air pollution.The Unique ScenarioThe uniqueness of this situation stems from the confluence of several factors: the location of the construction site, the scale of the project, and the number and nature of the pollutants involved. Typically, construction activities are confined to…...

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ReferencesLanzi, E., Dellink, R., & Chateau, J. (2018). The sectoral and regional economic consequences of outdoor air pollution to 2060. Energy Economics, 71, 89-113.Newby, D. E., Mannucci, P. M., Tell, G. S., Baccarelli, A. A., Brook, R. D., Donaldson, K., ... & Storey, R. F. (2015). Expert position paper on air pollution and cardiovascular disease. European heart journal, 36(2), 83-93.Smith, R. A., Cokkinides, V., von Eschenbach, A. C., Levin, B., Cohen, C., Runowicz, C. D., ... & Eyre, H. J. (2002). American Cancer Society guidelines for the early detection of cancer. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, 52(1), 8-22.Sutcliffe, K. M., Lewton, E., & Rosenthal, M. M. (2004). Communication failures: an insidious contributor to medical mishaps. Academic medicine, 79(2), 186-194.World Health Organization. (2021). WHO global air quality guidelines: particulate matter (PM2. 5 and PM10), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. World Health Organization.

Water PollutionWater pollution is contamination of a body of water, whether a stream, a lake, a river, an ocean, or groundwater supply. This type of contamination is the result of human activity, such as toxic chemicals released by a factory into the water body, or agricultural run-off. The contamination can be harmful to both plant and animal life. It can have numerous knock-on effects as well that do damage to the ecology and to human life.Point source pollution is a type of pollution that originates from a single, identifiable source or place. An example would be discharge from a sewage treatment plant that finds its way into groundwater or into a river; or an oil spill in an ocean would be another example.Non-point source pollution is a type of pollution that comes from a lot of different places rather just one single point. It is caused by rainfall or snowmelt…...

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ReferencesWithgott, J. & Laposata, M. (2018).  Essential Environment: The Science Behind the Stories. Pearson.

9% of the turtles" -- and "plastics" dominated the debris found (Katsanevakis, p. 75). The list of plastic trash found in those turtles is too long to include in this research.
Seabirds (especially pelicans, gannets and gulls) often fall prey to "monofilament line"; albatrosses, petrels, penguins and grebes are not found entangled in plastic fishing line or other plastic debris as often as pelicans and gulls (Katsanevakis, 2008, p. 69). hat is particularly insidious about plastic is when it is ingested by marine animals is releases "toxic chemicals" due to the chemical additives that are added to the plastic during the manufacturing process. Once in the abdomen of the animal the toxic materials can block the digestive tract and block "gastric enzyme ingestion, diminished feeding stimulus, nutrient dilution, reduced growth rates, lowered steroid hormone levels, delayed ovulation and reproductive failure," Katsanevakis asserts (p. 71).

There is lethal danger for small marine organisms…...

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Works Cited

Hill, Marquita K., 2010, Understanding Environmental Pollution, Cambridge University

Press, New York City, 585

Katsanevakis, Stelios, 2008, Marine Debris, A Growing Problem: Sources, Distribution, Composition, and Impacts, in Hofer, T.N., ed., Marine Pollution: New Research, Nova Publishers, Hauppauge, New York, p. 54-75.

Moore, Charles, 2003, Trashed: Across the Pacific Ocean, Plastics, Plastics, Everywhere,

Noise Controls
Engineering controls should be the first choice for dealing with noise pollution issues in the workplace, and this is NIOSH policy - they have three categories that all involve engineering and all three are ranked higher than administrative controls and PPE (NIOSH, 2015). Engineering solutions would include designing noise buffers around particular pieces of equipment, whereas administrative controls would reflect things like supplying protective equipment or scheduling people to reduce their exposure to unsafe noise levels. There are two reasons for this. First, an engineering solution is a one-time fix that hopefully will solve the problem, so that it no longer needs to be dealt with. Second, an engineering solution deals with the problem by reducing the amount of noise, where an administrative solution merely works around the problem, but the problem still persists.

There are some instances where it is onerous to use engineering controls first. In some situations,…...

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References

NIOSH (2015). Controls for noise exposure. Centers for Disease Control. Retrieved December 4, 2015 from  http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noisecontrol/

clarion call for the people and leaders of El Paso to better focus (or at least start focusing) on the subject of soil erosion, water runoff and sedimentary issues relating the land and material around the roads and bridges of our town. While some may treat this subject as relatively or completely unimportant, this could not be further from the truth. As shown by what can happen with things like flash floods, landslides and so forth, the proper management of waste and rain water runoff is very important and should be handled in an evidence-based way rather than a cobbling together of a budget line item here and there. While a lot of the calls for more infrastructure funding and better infrastructure management are over the top, this is not one of those messages and not one of those subjects that should be easily dismissed or set aside.
Analysis

The potentially…...

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References

Haiyan, L., Liang, L., Mingyi, L., & Xiaoran, Z. (2013). Effects of pH, Temperature,

Dissolved Oxygen, and Flow Rate on Phosphorus Release Processes at the Sediment and Water Interface in Storm Sewer. Journal of Analytical Methods In

Chemistry, 1-7. doi:10.1155/2013/104316

Karlsson, K., & Viklander, M. (2008). Trace Metal Composition in Water and Sediment

1. The causes and effects of air pollution in urban areas
2. The impact of plastic pollution on marine ecosystems
3. The role of industrial activities in water pollution
4. How deforestation contributes to environmental pollution
5. The health effects of pollution on human populations
6. The effectiveness of government policies in combating pollution
7. The role of technology in reducing pollution levels
8. The ethical implications of pollution on future generations
9. The connection between climate change and pollution
10. The importance of public awareness and education in addressing pollution issues
11. The link between pollution and wildlife extinction
12. Case studies of successful....

Essay Topics on Pollution

Air Pollution:

The Impact of Air Pollution on Human Health and the Environment
The Role of Vehicle Emissions in Air Quality Degradation
The Economic and Social Costs of Air Pollution on Cities
The Effectiveness of Air Quality Regulations and Standards
The Future of Air Pollution Mitigation and Control

Water Pollution:

The Causes and Consequences of Water Pollution in Developing Countries
The Impact of Agricultural Practices on Water Quality
The Role of Wastewater Treatment Plants in Reducing Water Pollution
The Legal and Policy Framework for Water Pollution Control
The Challenges and Solutions to Marine Pollution

Land Pollution:

The Sources and....

Policy Analysis and Evaluation

The effectiveness of different policy interventions in addressing social issues (e.g., poverty, healthcare, education)
The impact of policy changes on specific populations or industries
The role of evidence-based policymaking in improving policy outcomes
The challenges and opportunities of implementing and enforcing policy
The ethical implications of policy decisions

Policy Design and Development

Innovative approaches to policy design (e.g., behavioral economics, collaborative governance)
The factors that influence policy adoption and implementation
The role of stakeholders in policy development and evaluation
The impact of technology on policy design and implementation
The challenges of balancing competing interests in policymaking

Policy Implementation....

Air pollution is a major environmental issue that poses significant health risks to populations worldwide. In response to this threat, governments have implemented various policies aimed at reducing air pollution and improving air quality. This literature review examines the effectiveness of these policies and their impact on public health.

One of the most common air pollution control measures is the implementation of emissions standards for industries and vehicles. Studies have shown that enforcing strict emission standards can lead to significant reductions in key pollutants such as particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur dioxide (WHO, 2019). For example, a study by Zhang....