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IBM is one of the most studied corporations in business and technology education, making it a natural subject for students across disciplines such as management, information systems, computer science, and business ethics. Its decades-long presence at the center of computing innovation gives it historical depth that few companies can match, while its scale and complexity make it a rich case for examining how large organizations adapt to shifting markets. Courses in management information systems, organizational behavior, and strategic management frequently use IBM as a reference point for understanding how technology companies build and sustain competitive advantage.

The papers archived on this topic reflect a broad range of academic approaches. Some focus on organizational and ethical dimensions, examining IBM's corporate culture and ethics programs. Others take an analytical or strategic angle, applying frameworks like value chain analysis to evaluate the company's business operations. Additional papers treat IBM through comparative lenses, placing it alongside competitors in discussions of database management systems, outsourcing decisions, and ordering processes drawn from Harvard Business School case studies. Topics like Hofstede's cultural theories and integrated marketing communication also surface, showing how IBM serves as a real-world anchor for theoretical frameworks taught across business curricula.

A strong essay on IBM should establish a clear, focused thesis rather than attempting to cover the company's entire history or product portfolio. Evidence drawn from specific business decisions, market outcomes, or organizational practices tends to carry more weight than broad generalizations. The most common pitfall is treating IBM as a static institution — effective analysis acknowledges how the company has evolved across different eras of the technology industry and grounds observations in that context.

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Research Paper Undergraduate
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Economic globalization is regarded as an economic reform activity in reaction to the deterioration of the Fordist method of bulk production as well as consumption that was initiated during the latter part of the 1960s…
Paper Undergraduate
Quantum Corporation Case Analysis Current
Current Situation a. Past Corporate Performance
Paper Undergraduate
Carly Fiorina and Carleton University
The world is evolving at a rapid pace and this is probably due to the rapid advancements developed by the it industry. Since Information Technology sets the pace at which the society evolves, it is only natural for it…
Paper Doctorate
Banyan Tree: developing a powerful service brand
Banyan Tree Hotels and Resorts evolved into a leading player in the luxury resort niche in Asia. As part of its strategic growth strategy, Banyan Tree launched new brands that included resorts, spas, retail facilities, and even culturally relevant museum shops. The company is desirous of continued growth, and believes with the new propensity towards globalism that it must manage its brand portfolio and expand its business organization while, at the same time, preserving the strong brand image and distinctive identity of the flagship brand, Banyan Tree.
Research Paper Undergraduate
Opportunities for independent hotels competing with chain hotels
The Augustin Hotel located in Bergen Norway is the oldest family-run hotel in Bergen. The Augustin "...combine[s] old world charm with modern sophistication." (Hotelgenie.com) Hotel Augustin was built in 1909 in what is…
Paper Undergraduate
Comparative analysis of 3M, Procter & Gamble, and General Electric
As the leading provider of consumer, commercial and institutional soap, cleansers, and packaged goods, Procter & Gamble (P&G) (NYSE:PG) has chosen to take a global leadership position in the areas of sustainability and environmental effectiveness. The cornerstone of the strategic initiatives is the development of a thorough methodology for assessing, analyzing, measuring, and reporting corporate-wide performance to sustainability goals and guidelines. P&G has isolated the greatest potential risks to their sustainability objectives as being in their globally-based supply chain (Warner, 2008). To gain greater insights into how they can alleviate the significant risk associated with suppliers, who if not well managed could jeopardize the entire series of strategic initiatives surrounding sustainability, P&G created the Supplier Environmental Sustainability Scorecard (P&G, 2010a). The methodology behind this scorecard form the basis of measurement, assessment and reporting systems within P&G today and have since been emulated by other suppliers as well, as their results are quantifiable (Richardson, 2005). Previous to the scorecard being defined, P&G often relied on a wide range of metrics, scorecards and analytics platforms that were never in sync with one another, often causing less-than-optimal levels of quality to be attained (P&G, 2010). There was also a significant level of siloed operations going on, as P&G operates across more than 130 counties and dominates the top-of-mind awareness levels in each national and global market those choose to compete in. While P&G is best known for its marketing prowess, its supply chain and quality management operations, and now its sustainability initiatives, have gained it significant traction in global markets (Joseph, 2010). According to the latest annual reports from P&G, the global soap and cleaning compound manufacturing industry is valued at $54.7B in 2011, growing at a relative flat 3.7% compound annual growth rate through 2012. P&G holds a commanding share in this industry globally, challenged by well-known brands including Colgate-Palmolive, Ecolab and S.C. Johnson, in addition to a few more dozen smaller competitors scattered across geographic regions. P&G competes across many sub-segments of the consumer and commercial cleaning markets, personal care, personal and commercial soap in addition to consumer packaged goods. Of their many lines of business however, P&G faces the toughest challenges in the areas of government regulation and continued government monitoring of environmental performance in the chemically-based production processes it has. Of the several agencies that routinely monitor and at times even fine P&G if they do not comply with government requirements, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is often the most rigorous and thorough in their assessments (Joseph, 2010). The costs of non-compliance for P&G can be in the tens of millions of dollars and can also significantly slow down a new product introduction process as well (Warner, 2008). A lack of quality management is such a significant risk for the company that they have chosen to attack it as an opportunity to gain greater lean manufacturing and process workflows into their company. This more aggressive stance on quality management has helped to save the company literally millions of dollars in fines while also setting the foundation for greater performance gains through its green and sustainability-based initiatives globally (P&G, 2010). P&G has also appointed a Vice President of SustainAbility who has the primary role of ensuring all sustainability initiatives and programs are coordinated and work towards the strategic objectives the company has (Joseph, 2010). Not satisfied with the role being within a functional area, P&G has elevated this position to report directly to the CEO, creating a position that has oversight of nearly 75,000 suppliers globally. P&G has also given this person direct accountability for the performance of each product division and brand to the Supplier Environmental Sustainability Scorecards mentioned in this analysis. The integration of metrics, key performance indicators (KPIs) and the use of corporate-wide and by-division Supplier Environmental Sustainability Scorecards has helped P&G surpass even its own expectations and led to sustainability objectives being achieved (Warner, 2008). The remainder of this analysis includes an assessment of the progress P&G is making on their sustainable business objectives, an analysis of the measurement methods they are using and reporting including the Supplier Environmental Sustainability Scorecard, in addition to a series of recommendations and a conclusion.
Research Paper Undergraduate
Leadership in an American Company.
¶ … leadership in an American company. Specifically it will research former IBM CEO Lou Gerstner and his leadership style. Lou Gerstner served as CEO of International Business Machines (IBM) from 1993 through 2002.
Paper Undergraduate
Ecommerce Revenue Models. The Revenue
The revenue models exemplified in the following lines are: web catalog, digital content, advertising supported, advertising subscription mixed, fee for transaction, fee for service.
Essay Doctorate
Socially Responsible Efforts Social Responsibility Is Quite
The paper looks at the idea of socially responsible behaviors that can be adopted within the society. In particular here is the use of energy saving bulbs within the American society and how such efforts are ignored and the consequences as well as how adherence to such measures can help change our environment.
Paper Undergraduate
Characteristics and development of level six leadership
Are you a level-six leader.? Based on the works of Paiget, Kohlberg, and Kegan there are six levels of leaders. These levels are sociopath, opportunits, achiever, builder, and transcendent. Most leaders fill the ranks of a level four or five. Level six leaders are very rare. This paper delves into each level of a leader and asks the question "Whom do you serve?"