Alger Hiss and the Hollywood Blacklisting
The 1948 trial of a high level State Department official named Alger Hiss for perjury not only captivated the nation but began a witch hunt that eventually reached all the way from Washington D.C. To Hollywood California. When Alger Hiss was convicted of lying about former Communist associations, this not only proved that he had been involved with Communist groups in the past, but it forced the public to ask whether he was currently a Communist spy. This question of Communist associations would then be asked of many throughout the country eventually leading to an investigation of the film industry. A government inquiry into Communism in the film industry in turn led to the "Hollywood Blacklisting;" where hundreds involved in the industry were denied employment.

Alger Hiss was a Harvard educated lawyer who began working for the U.S. State Department in the 1930's. In August of…...

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References

Linder, Doug. (2003). "The Trials of Alger Hiss." Famous Trials: The Alger Hiss

Trials. Retrieved from [HIDDEN]

Lindop, Edmund. (2010). America in the 1950's. Minneapolis, MN: Twenty-First

Century Books. Print.

And the costs...! Our meager savings, which would keep us for a couple of years in Mexico, " (ouberol, Jean 2000)
So the influence of the McCarthy era and the black lists on literature was mixed. While we certainly lost the possible output of many talented writers who were young and unknown at the time, and who never recovered, so they just faded from the scene. Some people could not stand the pressure, so they testified and named names as required. Most were eventually forgiven by the community. Some, like Clifford Odets, never forgave themselves. The House Unamerican Activities Committee managed to restrain literature for a while, but more literature was created as a reaction to these purges, including Arthur Miller's The Crucible. There are those who claim that we have never fully recovered as a nation, but I believe the Internet has supplied the tools which have finally freed…...

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References www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001036891

Ferreira, James M. "Joseph McCarthy: Reexamining the Life and Legacy of America's Most Hated Senator." The Historian 63.4 (2001): 834. Questia. 12 Dec. 2006  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001036891 .

A www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=79027081

Fried, Richard M. Nightmare in Red: The McCarthy Era in Perspective. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990. Questia. 12 Dec. 2006  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=79027292 .

A www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=81177254

Discussion 1 1. Events of the 1950’s strongly influenced the lives of those living in the early 1960s. In fact, many of the events that took place in the 1950s reverberated throughout and beyond the 20th century and continue to impact American lives today. One of the events that occurred during the 1950s that impacts people in the 1960s is McCarthyism (Rosenberg, 2017). McCarthyism refers to the policies and practices of Senator Joseph McCarthy, who “began a witch hunt that would result in the blacklisting of many Americans as communists,” (Rosenberg, 2017). McCarthyism would affect my life because of the way I would be afraid to express my views for fear I would be blacklisted. The term “McCarthyism” is used synonymously for witch hunts, and this era proved that Americans have an unnatural fear of anything remotely resembling social service programs because of their gullibility of anti-communist propaganda.
2. The events of…...

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References

NASA (2017). July 20, 1969. Retrieved online:  

Rosenberg, J. (2017). A brief timeline of the 1950s. Retrieved online:  https://www.thoughtco.com/1950s-timeline-1779952 

“The Sixties: Moments in Time,” (2005). PBS. Retrieved online:  http://www.pbs.org/opb/thesixties/timeline/timeline_text.html 

United States Air Force (1960). Civil Defense & Nuclear Attacks: Let\\\\'s Face It. Retrieved online:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l0ra6pK1YCo 

UNESCO (2013). Education for disaster preparedness. Retrieved online:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=USLHmwvpjX8 

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/apollo11.html 

Forbes Magazine entitled, "In the Pill Box" discusses Walgreen's Drugstore and the challenge that it faces from Pharmacy Benefit Managers (PBM). The article begins by informing the reader of the astronomical growth of the Walgreen's company. The author explains that the company's stock has risen by 3,000% in the past 20 years and that the store plans to have over 7,000 stores by 2010. (Lambert) The article also asserts that the same-store sales increased by 9% in fiscal 2003. (Lambert)
The author contends that although the company is extremely success, there is a threat on the horizon. This threat comes in the form of Pharmacy Benefit Managers who show health organizations and employers how to make prescriptions drugs more cost effective. The article explains that PBM's often encourage these organizations to persuade patients to get long-term prescriptions through the mail instead of going to a pharmacy. Mail order pharmaceuticals are…...

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At the other end of the debate there are consumers who like to order their prescriptions through the mail. Some consumers do this even if it is not mandated by their insurance providers. In many cases consumers just find it more convenient to order prescriptions through the mail. In any case, the PBM's and the drugstores will continue to quarrel over which method is less expensive.

In my own opinion, it seems that Walgreen's should not have the right or ability to blacklist customers because of the decisions that are made by their healthcare providers. In many cases people are in dire need of receiving their medication and may not have time to ride around to different pharmacies just to get a prescription fulfilled. It is apparent to me that all Walgreen's is concerned with is its bottom line and they are willing to sacrifice the health of customers just to prove a point to PBM's. The fact of the matter is that consumers have a right to purchase prescriptions in any way that they see fit. Some people prefer going to a traditional pharmacists, while other prefer for the prescriptions to be brought to their homes. Walgreen's has to be careful not to ignore the needs and desires of consumers in the quest for greater profits.

Lambert, Emily. 2004. "In The Pill Box." Forbes Magazine

Sociological Analysis: Salt of the Earth
Salt of the Earth

The 1954 film Salt of the Earth explores a wide variety of social issues that would come to the forefront of social conscience in the coming decades. The film examines the economic and social inequalities perpetrated by the economic system in the United States, racial prejudice, and gender equity. The script is based on a real-life labor strike and uses the actual miners involved in the labor dispute as actors. The movie was made outside the studio system by blacklisted writer Michael Wilson, director Paul Jarrico, and director Herbert Biberman.

Economic and Social Inequalities

The movie exposes the shabby working and living conditions of the Mexican-American community. It provides some historical background on how Hispanic rights were violated by white industrialists. The land was once owned by members of the local Mexican-American community, however the Zinc Company moved in, took over the property and…...

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References

Biberman, H.J. (Director). (1954). Salt of the Earth. [Motion Picture]. United States: Independent Productions Coorporation. YouTube. Retrieved September 21, 2012, from  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXTcDUxu22A 

Conlin, M. (2003, May 26).The new gender gap. Business week. Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved September 21, 2012, from  http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/03_21/b3834001_mz001.htm 

"Social and economic inequality in the United States." (2012). West coast poverty center, University of Washington. Retrieved September 19, 2012, from http://depts.washington.edu/wcpc/Inequality

However, cursory studies that have been conducted are either biased because they seem to present a biased review of certain products or are insufficient because of their limitations and shallowness. Those studies that have been considered to be useful are mentioned below.
Robert D. oerner, Joanne ourquard, Pam Greenberg (2000) comprehensively elaborates the legal aspect of spam. He provides an in-depth review of the present laws in actions and the future of legislation against spam. He concludes his study by revealing, "Most of the laws target spammers who misrepresent, falsify or forge the point of origin or the routing information of messages. Several states also prohibit the sale or distribution of software that is primarily designed for this type of falsification (Robert D. oerner, Joanne ourquard, Pam Greenberg, 2000)." Also, "Most states have specified that the laws apply only to spam that is sent to or generated from locations within…...

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Bibliography

Andy Dornan. Lesson 188: Bayesian Spam Filtering. Network Magazine; 3/1/2004.

Celia Wren. Spam Wars: Battling the Relentless Web Tide. Commonweal, Vol. 130, February 14, 2003

Eric Krapf. Do Not Spam. Business Communications Review, Vol. 33, October 2003

Fred S. Knight. Spam-Help Is on the Way. Business Communications Review, Vol. 34, May 2004

Redskin Trademark Facts

Many sports teams use Indian logos and names as their moniker. One such team is the Washington Redskins. There are many people, both Indians and non-Indians, that say that the use of such logos is wrong and that the word redskin is racist. However, not all people (even including many Indians) agree on this matter (Cox et al, 2017).

Issue

The issue to address is whether the trademark/patent and other offices have the right to impose a rule or guideline based on the presumption that redskin is racist. There is, of course, the question of whether there are violations of Title VII, hate speech laws, etc (Cox et al, 2017).

Rule of Law

Even if the trademark office has yanked Redskin as a usable name, there is not a clear violation of the law and there is rampant disagreement about whether redskin is a racist term. It would seem to come down to…...

The administration's disregard for international norms led to the excesses at Abu Ghraib Prison in Iraq, and attempts to circumvent congressional oversight over the activities of the Administration backfired. Faced with increasing criticism at home and the inability to stabilize Iraq, the Bush Administration began to temper its approach with realism. The Administration agreed to a bipartisan Iraq Study Group, led by former Secretary of State James Baker and Democratic Congressman Lee Hamilton (Baker & Hamilton, 2006). The report prepared by the group was quite critical of the Bush Administration's policies in Iraq, and though many of those criticisms were rejected, the Administrated still took the criticism seriously, and a year later began to pursue a new approach, which eventually helped to decrease the level of violence in Iraq.
The Obama Administration's approach to Iraq War reflects the liberal views of Obama who warned in 2002 that "a U.S. occupation…...

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References

Ahmad, I. (2010). The U.S. Af-Pak Strategy: Challenges and Opportunities for Pakistan. Asian Affairs: An American Review, 37(4), 191-209.

Bacevich, a. (2010) Washington Rules: America's Path to Permanent War. New York: Metropolitan Books.

Bacevich, a., (November 6, 2005) the Realist Persuasion. The Boston Globe, retrieved on March 13, 2011, from  http://rempost.blogspot.com/2006/04/realist-persuasion.html 

Baker, J.A., & Hamilton, L.H. (2006) the Iraq Study Group Report: The Way Forward -- a New Approach. New York: Vintage Books.

movie industry in America has been controlled by some of the monolithic companies which not only provided a place for making the movies, but also made the movies themselves and then distributed it throughout the entire country. These are movie companies and their entire image revolved around the number of participants of their films. People who wanted to see the movies being made had to go to the studios in order to see them. They made movies in a profitable manner for the sake of the studios, but placed the entire industry under their control and dominated over it. The discussion here is about some of those famous studios inclusive of that of names like Metro Goldwyn Mayer, Culver, RKO, Paramount Studios, Warner Bros, 20th Century Fox, Walt Disney Studios, Universal Studios, Raleigh Studio, Hollywood Center Studio, Sunset Gower Studio, Ren-Mar Studios, Charlie Chaplin Studios and now, Manhattan Beach…...

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"What better way to annoy the Hollywood liberals than to remind them every single day that

George W. Bush is STILL the President?" Retrieved from Accessed 15 September, 2005https://www.donationreport.com/init/controller/ProcessEntryCmd?key=O8S0T5C8U2

"What's interesting about the business is that it's no longer the movie business" Retrieved from   Accessed 14 September, 2005http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/hollywood/picture/corptown.html 

To wit, in Socrates' day, there were no official government prosecutors (commonly referred to in modern America as "District Attorneys"); in effect, any citizen could bring an indictment against any other citizen, and call for a trial. And that's basically what happened to Socrates.
Here in America, in 2006, notwithstanding what Vice President Cheney said, President George . Bush stated, "I will never question the patriotism of somebody who disagrees with me." Bush was responding to a reporter's question on August 21; Bush was asked if he believed, according to http://mediamatters.org, that the "Democrats advocating for U.S. withdrawal from Iraq 'embolden Al Qaeda types' as...Cheney similarly stated. Bush's answer was, "I will never question the patriotism of somebody who disagrees with me... [although] leaving [Iraq] before the job would be done would be to send a signal to our troops that the sacrifices they made were not worth it...this has…...

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Works Cited

Allen, R.E. (1980). Socrates and Legal Obligation. Minneapolis: University of Minneapolis

Press.

American Sociological Association. (2006). "Statement...on Creationism and Related Religious

Doctrines in U.S. Science Education." Retrieved 18 Oct. 2006 at  http://www.asanet.org .

Social Credit Score in the US?IntroductionThe concept of a social credit score system has garnered significant attention due to its implementation in countries like China. This system evaluates citizens based on their behavior, trustworthiness, and societal contributions. The research topic at hand delves into the potential implications of introducing such a system in the US, specifically asking: What are the potential impacts for society and for public administration of introducing a social credit score system in the US? The findings of researchers suggests that trust in public administration plays a pivotal role in the acceptance of a social credit score system (Liu, 2019; 2022). Those with trust in the government are more likely to support such policies, while skeptics view it as a manifestation of governmental overreach and a step towards totalitarianism. These perceptions could have profound political and administrative repercussions. The significance of this research is evident. Understanding the…...

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ReferencesLiu, C. (2019). Multiple social credit systems in China. Economic Sociology: The European Electronic Newsletter, 21(1), 22-32.Liu, C. (2022). Who supports expanding surveillance? Exploring public opinion of Chinese social credit systems. International Sociology, 37(3), 391-412.Mac Síthigh, D., & Siems, M. (2019). The Chinese social credit system: A model for other countries?. The Modern Law Review, 82(6), 1034-1071.Von Blomberg, M. (2020). The social credit system and China’s rule of law. Social Credit Rating: Reputation und Vertrauen beurteilen, 111-137.

Internet has grown exponentially since its first introduction to the public. The precursor to the Internet was the ARPANET. The Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the Department of Defense (Carlitz and Zinga, 1997) and the National Science Foundation (NSF) were the primary creators of the ARPANET. Subsequently however, efforts from private entities and universities have helped develop the network infrastructure, as it exists today. "The goals of ARPA's 'Resource Sharing Computer Network' project were to develop the technology for and demonstrate the feasibility of a computer network while improving communication and collaboration between research centers with grants from ARPA's Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO)." (Press, 1996) J.C.R. Licklider of MIT undertook groundbreaking work in developing computer interactivity. Later, he implemented his vision though time-sharing systems-affordable interactive computing. The effort of the NSF also helped to distribute the features of this new networking capability to all major universities and…...

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Bibliography

Ansari, Asim, Skander Essegaier, and Rajeev Kohli. "Internet Recommendation Systems." Journal of Marketing Research 37.3 (2000).

Bannan, Karen J. "Clean It Up." PC Magazine 20.16 (2001).

Beguette, Glenda, et al. Internet Content Filtering and Cipa Legislation. 2002. Available: June 26, 2005.http://lrs.ed.uiuc.edu/students/tsullivl/469Sp02/filtering.html.

Bell, Bernard W. "Filth, Filtering, and the First Amendment: Ruminations on Public Libraries' Use of Internet Filtering Software." Federal Communications Law Journal 53.2 (2001): 191-238.

Since the 30s people have been politically inclined towards left in Hollywood. Kazan was also known for his left-wing views that eventually led him to the appearance before HUAC. However, with the inquiries of the House Un-American Affairs Committee problems for the supporters of left came up. Demand for anticommunist films required more writers with right-wing inclinations. The demand for anti-fascist films in late 30s through mid-40s could not match the demand for anticommunist films. Even though many blacklisted liberals fled to other countries to support their careers. Many people expressed different views regarding people who supported HUAC. For example Lillian Hellman's view of Elia Kazan's friendly testimony is that he simply couldn't do otherwise because he valued his own
American success story too much. Arthur Miller also mentioned in his autobiography that if he did not come out clean he would not be able to make another movie in…...

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Bibliography

Mccain, R. (1999). New Book Defends Kazan in Saga of 'Hollywood 10'. The Washington Times. Publication Date: March 17.

ideals of pornography and how many writers are discussing the new bill about to be passed by the Senate to allow for civil prosecution of those who publish said material, and from those who have been abused through what they believe is a result of pornography. Discussing the views of rving as he places his ideals to the front and argues against such bills in the name of freedom.
Bibliography cites sources

Pornography and censorship: how to blame the third person from a man's crimes

Pornography has been around for centuries, ever since man and woman has been able to fully enjoy the opposite and indeed in many ways the same sex, yet this form of pornography has through out the centuries been given different names, for instance art and literature (Stevenson 2001 and Bailey 2000).

Pornography enters man's most intimate regions and fantasies, as they bring forth a plethora of repressed and…...

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Irving and refs as provided by student re

Stevenson J.H (2001) the history of Pornography [online] accessed at  http://www.tranquileye.com/historyofporn/ 

Strossen, N (1995) Defending Pornography: Free Speech, Sex and the Fight for Women's Rights [online] accessed at http://forms.aclu.org/Store/Store.cfm?ID=78&c=3

Front
As Paddy Chayefsky writes in Network, "the world is a business." (Andrew Dominik echoes the sentiment in Killing Them Softly: "America's not a country, it's just a business. Now fucking pay me."). The blacklisting of writers classified as "Communists" was purely a business move on the part of the Hollywood industry -- just as the creation of the Hays Code following the scandalous trial of Fatty Arbuckle and other incidents was a move by the same industry to essentially ward off any unwelcome or hostile takeovers by foreign bodies (i.e., the federal government). In policing itself and throwing a few individuals under the bus, Hollywood could ensure that the movies would keep getting made and the money would keep rolling in. Ideologies, principles and noble ideals were not the underlying motives in any of this. They were simply the barking dogs that the industry had to respond to: and it…...

Labor Unions: Uniting Workers for Collective Empowerment

Labor unions have played a pivotal role in shaping the modern workforce, empowering workers to collectively bargain for better working conditions, wages, and benefits. Through their advocacy efforts, unions have been instrumental in establishing crucial labor laws and safeguarding workers' rights. However, their impact extends beyond the economic sphere, fostering a sense of solidarity and community among members and contributing to broader social and political change.

The Historical Role of Labor Unions

The origins of labor unions can be traced back to the early days of industrialization, when workers faced rampant exploitation and unsafe working conditions.....