Verified Document

Forensic Pathology Research Paper

Forensic Pathology: Forensics and DNA DNA is part of the building blocks of human life and individuality: "DNA is present in nearly every cell of our bodies, and we leave cells behind everywhere we go without even realizing it. Flakes of skin, drops of blood, hair, and saliva all contain DNA that can be used to identify us" (Norrgard, 2008). DNA has long been a major part of forensics testing used in criminal cases for over forty years. "At its inception, DNA testing could only be performed by laboratories with molecular diagnostic capabilities" (Calaluce, 2010, p.2). The controversy surrounding DNA testing that made it more heavily scrutinized when it first debuted largely revolved around the fact that it was considered a "soft science" and that DNA evidence was viewed as simply not as reliable as other types. However, this controversy has since been eliminated: and there is absolutely no valid scientific reason to doubt the accuracy of forensic DNA testing. However, it is important to acknowledge that when doing something like testing a DNA fingerprint and assessing the likelihood of a particular match between a suspect and a crime scene is indeed an intricate process that revolves around probability as well.

DNA fingerprinting is a term which has come up in the last decade or so, due to its power and the weight that it carries, but many people are still unsure of what it means and signifies. "In short, it is a technique for determining the likelihood that genetic material came from a particular individual or group. 99% of human DNA is identical between individuals, but the 1% that differs enables scientists to distinguish identity. In the case of the grapes, scientists compared the similarities between different species and were able to piece together parent subspecies that could have contributed to the present prize-winning varieties"...

The DNA alphabet consists of four major building blocks or base pairs which are connected to one another in long chains to assemble genetic words or genes; however, it's still important to acknowledge that not all DNA is made up of useful information: there is still non-coding DNA that doesn't transform into useful proteins and this is where changes can often crop up in the overall structure of DNA (Rosner, 2004). Changes can often occur in these regions because they make no contribution to the health or survival of the organism: "But compare the situation if a change occurs within an essential gene, preventing it from working properly; the organism will be strongly disadvantaged and probably not survive, effectively removing that altered gene from the population" (Rosner, 2004). It's also crucial to acknowledge that the abilities of forensic evidence are vast and that they are not simply relegated to merely fingerprinting or the standard methods of forensic pathology that are so commonly viewed on television crime dramas.
For example, one recent development in the world of forensic pathology has been the analysis of maggots. In Mexico, police investigator found an uncovered body that was so tremendously burned and unrecognizable, that the DNA could not be extracted for analysis: "Desperate to identify the body, a team of pathologists took a chance by analyzing the stomach contents of the maggots who were feasting on the corpse. Much to their surprise, they were able to extract the victim's DNA from the fly larvae -- and successfully identify the body" (Dvorsky, 2012). This was one of the first times when an actual legal investigation has attempted to use the gastrointestinal tract of a parasite and its contents as a means of extracting data. The investigators strongly suspected that the body of the woman was that of a woman…

Sources used in this document:
References

Calaluci, J. (2010). Guide to Forensic Pathology. New York: CRC Press.

Dvorsky, G. (2012, October 1). How forensic pathologists used maggots to identify an "unrecognizable" body. Retrieved from io9.com: http://io9.com/5947925/how-forensic-pathologists-used-maggots-to-identify-a-badly-burned-body

Norrgard, K. (2008). How ethical is it to keep a database of convicted felons' DNA profiles? Can we rely on DNA fingerprints for conviction? Many ethical issues surround the use of DNA in forensic technology. Retrieved from Nature.com: http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/forensics-dna-fingerprinting-and-codis-736

Rosner, D. (2004, May 20). How does DNA Fingerprinting Work. Retrieved from thenakedscientist.com: http://www.thenakedscientists.com/HTML/articles/article/dalyacolumn8.htm/
Utah.edu. (2013). Can DNA Demand a Verdict? Retrieved from Utah.edu: http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/labs/gel/forensics/
Cite this Document:
Copy Bibliography Citation

Related Documents

Forensic Pathology
Words: 907 Length: 3 Document Type: Essay

Forensic Pathology as Scientific Evidence Forensic Pathology is generally understood as having to do with the investigation of causation of injuries or death as a legal requirement. In the pursuit of this, pathologists usually investigate injury or death scenes and other relevant records to ascertain the cause of death. Practically, forensic pathology incorporates the performance of post-mortem examination, which is an examination of body tissues and organs as well as investigations such

The History of Forensic Pathology
Words: 2269 Length: 8 Document Type: Research Paper

Forensic Pathology Introduction Forensic pathology is a field in criminology and medical jurisprudence that focuses on the study of a corpse to determine evidence that can be used in criminal justice or to determine the cause of death. The post mortem conducted by a forensic pathologist serves as the source of information for the autopsy report that is generated at the conclusion of the investigation. Having trained previously in anatomical pathology, the

Forensic Science
Words: 1913 Length: 7 Document Type: Essay

Essay Topic Examples 1. The Evolution and Impact of DNA Analysis in Forensic Science This essay will explore the revolutionary introduction of DNA analysis in forensic investigations. It will trace the origins of DNA fingerprinting, delve into the technical advancements that have made DNA evidence a linchpin in legal outcomes, and discuss the societal and ethical implications of such powerful technology. This topic will also highlight the role of DNA analysis in

Computer Forensics Digital Evidence
Words: 1511 Length: 4 Document Type: Research Paper

Forensics and Digital Evidence Forensics is a discipline which uses standardized techniques to pull apart an event, analyze what happened, and find a more accurate conclusion to the data analysis than just witness testimony. For centuries, lacking even rudimentary techniques like fingerprinting or blood type analysis, the legal system relied on confessions and witness testimony. We may turn to Ancient Greece for one of the first recorded examples of a type

Forensic Case Study Enrique Camarena the Abduction
Words: 1293 Length: 4 Document Type: Essay

Forensic Case Study Enrique Camarena The abduction of Enrique Camarena The abduction of Enrique Camarena presents numerous interesting and unusual features regarding the gathering of forensic evidence. Many of obstacles that arose over the course of the investigation can be traced to the fact that the DEA Special Agent was apprehended in Mexico, where U.S. laws about preserving evidence did not apply. The Mexican police force (at least at the time of the

Forensic Psychology Fulero, S. And
Words: 1273 Length: 4 Document Type: Essay

Profiling or Guessing- the role of criminal profiling is certainly one in the popular press and media. Television shows such as CSI or Bones bring the task of forensics into the mainstream living room, but these shows tend to focus more on the sexier forms of criminology as opposed to the gray area of forensic psychology. A professional forensic psychologist, though, understands that a typical profile is not meant to

Sign Up for Unlimited Study Help

Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.

Get Started Now