The original design did not take into account such a collapse, and so people in the streets were not sheltered from falling debris and ash. Pedestrian safety was not fully considered in this large of a disaster. The several pedestrian bridges which connected Battery Park were completely destroyed, which made it difficult for rescue personnel to evacuate, as well as causing "residents of Battery Park City to have no easy means to reach their homes," (WINDS 2). Yet, the collapse internally rather than sideways did save many more lives from being taken that day. The design did fare well with the protection of the subways underneath the twin towers. The subway system below remained structurally intact, but was severely damaged by flooding, leading to its need to be completely replaced, "The two tunnels to New jersey were flooded from broken sewer and water main, as well as from firefighters' months-long effort to put out fires in the rubble," (Moore 1). Flood damage is much easier to deal with than a complete structural collapse. In the aftermath of this tragedy, many architects and engineers are learning valuable lessons from the collapse of the twin towers. Modern designs feature "Safety features such as fire retarding materials and sprinkler systems help to contain fires, help extinguish flames, or prevent steel from being exposed to excessively high temperatures," (Wilkinson 1). Designers are now also taking into consideration Egress Systems within the structure of their designs. Egress Systems are the "redundancy of systems and robustness in the face of impact by a foreign object," (Mellon 1). Improved communication systems between fire and...
Additionally, redundant evacuation systems such as an "emergency tunnel could be built vertically into the next generation of skyscrapers with appropriately designed redundant elevation systems," (Buyukozturk & Ulm 1). All of these lessons learned will help improve the integrity of future structures, so that a revision of the tragedy of 9/11 will be less likely and more lives will be saved by the design of a building itself.
As the debris falls around them, McLoughlin and Jimeno are both trapped under rubble. Pezzulo attempts to rescue them, and is injured in the process. At the end of the movie, a United States Marine comes to the rescue. Names David Karnes (Michael J. Shannon), he eventually brings McLoughlin and Jimeno out but Pezzulo has already died. Stone portrays the family members as well, showing how the disaster affected those
Emergency management is also a vital part to the planning for a disaster. Training will have to be conducted at periodic intervals to maintain the preparedness of the emergency response team and to evaluate the condition and the operational difficulties if any that may arise due to the equipment being used. The procedures will have to be critiqued and constantly evaluated to determine if a better, safer or more efficient
Significance of the Study This study is significant because it sheds light on a very important contributor to local and international trade. Trade fairs have a long history in providing a meeting place for buyers and sellers. They are an important channel of communication for B2B buyers and sellers. This is a significant area for study because there are limited channels of communication between B2B buyers and sellers. The previous sections
Building Design Construction Methods and Collapse General building design and construction methods Contemporary building regulations are effective in ensuring the safety of occupants throughout the life cycle of the structure. Government agencies have the responsibility of inspection to ensure safety and enforcing compliance to regulations and codes during constructions. Building design and construction methods evolve in response to emerging trends and demands in the industry. Advancements within the design and construction industries
structural engineers were stunned when the twin towers of the World Trade Center crashed to the ground on Sept. 11. How could these buildings have collapsed? Numerous causes have been looked at including fireproofing, height, impact of the planes, heat from the fire from spilled fuel, and the shell and core of the building itself. The twin towers were part of a seven-building complex designed by architect Minoru Yamasaki that
Earlier studies based on Bretton Woods data were only refuted because the data sets of the later studies were insufficiently long. It may be, therefore, that Himarios is one of many that will now be able to demonstrate that long-term equilibrium is possible. It may that it requires nearly at least three decades' worth of data and a multi-country study in order to see the equilibrium emerge, meaning that
Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.
Get Started Now