As a result of the Glorious Revolution of 1688, James II was deposed, and William of Orange was invited to become king on condition that he agreed to a new Bill of Rights and a Constitutional Agreement with Parliament. By contrast, France's political absolutism was centered on strengthening the power of the French kings, and weakening that of the nobles. It was established and consolidated during the reign of Louis XIV who weakened the General Assembly of France and proclaimed himself head of the government. 10. Between the 15th and the 18th century, witchcraft was treated as heresy, and the ones found guilty of it were sentenced to death by the Inquisition. Pope John XXII formalized the persecution of witchcraft in 1320 when he authorized the Inquisition to prosecute sorcery. There were no trials, and the Church was not concerned whether the accusations were alleged or real. King James I of England who reigned between 1566 and 1625 estimated that the ratio of women to men who "succumbed" to witchcraft was twenty to one. Of those formally persecuted for witchcraft, between 80 to 90% were women (Ellerbe: (http://www.positiveatheism.org/hist/ellerbe1.htm).Womenwere seen as weak hence easily influenced by the forces of...
The fact that women were regarded as inferior, and were not allowed to speak or defend themselves from accusations also contributed to the percentage of women who were killed for allegedly performing witchcraft. Moreover, there was no knowledge of mental illnesses which made mental patients vulnerable to accusations of being possessed or performing witchcraft. The last legal execution of a witch occurred in 1782 in Glarus, Switzerland.
history western civilization a book called THE MAKING OF THE WEST. Joan of Arc Prior to becoming made into a saint in the early part of the 20th century, Joan of Arc was one of the primary causes of France's many victories in the Hundred Years War. The woman, who only lived to be 19 before she was eventually burned to death after being captured by the British, helped liberate many
Similarly the Ayurvedic tradition of India emphasized rest and relaxation and nutritional well-being, along with various mentally stimulating exercises. Ayurvedic resorts are still popular in the East. Buddhism is also viewed as an avenue out of depression -- a mode to enlightenment. Nonetheless, as James C.-Y. Chou (2005) states, "The concept of psychological depression in Eastern cultures is not as well accepted as it is in Western cultures. In fact,
Many inquiries were made into the universe, from how it worked to its creation, as well as the construction of a workable calendar and an understanding of numerous illnesses. These collective areas of discussion fall under the term of natural philosophy, or philosophy of nature. Before modern science was developed and widely used, natural philosophy was the prominent method of gaining knowledge. So dominant and involved was natural philosophy
Finally, it is noteworthy to mention that all poetry was attributed to Apollo -- as such the classic literature conceived of and which defines western culture is a testament to Apollo's greatness. Apollo was also worshipped in ancient Greece as the god of the sun. In ancient Greece and even in contemporary times (albeit to a lesser extent), the sun is considered a harbinger of light and learning and the
The Role of the Church in Medieval EuropeThe High Middle Ages were a time of significant cultural, economic, and political growth and changes in Europe, especially with respect to relations between the Church and secular society. The purpose of this paper is to provide a discussion concerning the role of the Church in Medieval Europe and the Church\\\'s impetus for reform during the High Middle Ages. To this end, an
History Of Theory Behind Curriculum Development The evolution of curriculum theory by and large reflects the current of thought found in the academic-political landscape. The essence of the ancient maxim cuius regio, eius religio applies here: who reigns, his religion. In this case, who reigns, his curriculum. This has been true throughout all the centuries where education was deemed important by a group of individuals or a State. For example, in
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