¶ … Welfare State in Britain had its beginnings in 1598 when Elizabeth I's ninth parliament established by Elizabethan poor-law system (Bruce, 1966). According to Bruce, the "Acte for the Releife of the Poore" of 1598 consolidated and extended laws passed earlier in Elizabeth's reign. Essentially, these laws had originated in 1536, during the time of her father's reign, and were focused on raising local taxes as well as appointing overseers of the poor in every parish for the purpose of:
setting to work of the children of all such whose parents shall not be thought able to keep and maintain their children," together with "all such persons, married or unmarried, as, having no means to maintain them, use no ordinary and daily trade of life to get their living by";
providing a convenient stock of materials "to set the poor on work";
the necessary relief of the lame, impotent, old, blind and such other being poor and not able to work";
the putting out of children to be apprentices" (Bruce, 1966; p. 20).
As explained by Bruce (1966), while various amendments to these laws occurred over the years, the Elizabethan poor laws remained the law of England until 1948. A key element associated with the early welfare state was the "means test" which was established to insure that only those who absolutely could not care for themselves would...
welfare state' today in contemporary Britain? The British view of welfare has always been one of conducting government as a beneficent and paternalistic entity that was engaged in making sure citizens had what they needed for basic survival (Field, 2011). This view was first garnered by the liberals of the 1960's and it was furthered, as the years went along, until the present day. There were some hiccups in the
Thus the dependence of so many people on government handouts is very soon to reach a point of crisis and possible social unrest. Welfare Statism is not only a manifestly politically unjust system. It is also a wholly unsustainable one from the perspective of political economy. It is based upon expanding budgets and a continually young and growing population. In a society like America where the average age and life
S. can face in terms of bankruptcy and poverty if the overall gap in the knowledge of the masses regarding social security is not filled. The sudden rise shown in the chart from the analysis done in 2004 is not an estimate that the government or voluntary organizations want to counter especially with the global financial crises that is currently weakening economic structures in the U.S. As well as the
19 No. 2, pp 28-37, Available from http://www.cis.org.au/policy/winter03/polwin03-5.pdf[April7, 2008] Kirk, R, 2004, Ten Conservative Principles, the Russell Kirk Center for Cultural Renewal, Available from http://www.kirkcenter.org/kirk/ten-principles.html[April7,2008] Whiteley, P, Seyd, P & Richardson, J, 1994, True Blues: The Politics of Conservative Party Membership, Clarendon Press, Oxford. The word is derived from the Latin conservare which means to protect, preserve, save Burkean" doctrine refers to the writings and philosophy of Edmund Burke, an 18th century British
Conclusion The modern Labour Party (also known as New Labour) has come a long way from its Socialist roots in the last two decades particularly since Tony Blair became its leader in 1994 and repositioned the Party as a centrist rather than a leftist Party. There is no doubt that the move was a success as the Labour Party won the historic 1997 elections by a landslide and has not lost
Cannabis in the UK: De-Penalisation, Decriminalisation, or Legalisation? In October of 2015, the Parliament of the United Kingdom was forced to debate whether the current prohibition on cannabis should end in some way. "Forced" is the correct word here, because Parliament seems otherwise unwilling to address the issue, but in this case it was obliged by its own policy, whereby any petition signed by at least one hundred thousand people must
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