Prosopagnosia
Agnosia is a clinical term that describes a condition where the individual fails to recognize certain types of objects in specific sensory domains (Farah, 2004). This failure of recognition cannot be due to some type of a sensory impairment or to an expressive language impairment. Visual agnosia is a specific agnosia for visually -- based stimuli. People who have the different types of visual agnosias can actually see the object, but they are not able to identify the object (Farah, 2004). A visual agnosia can be very specific and limited to an aspect of vision such as color, movement, or specific types of objects. The fact that a visual agnosia can be very specific supports the theory that various areas in the visual cortex are specialized for particular types of functions (Farah, 2004). One of the most interesting visual agnosias is called prosopagnosia, which is a difficulty in recognizing human faces (McNeil & Warrington, 2013).
A person with prosopagnosia will often be able to recognize a human face as being a human face, but they are unable to recognize who the face belongs to even if it belongs to someone very familiar to them like a relative, spouse, or best friend (Farah, 2004). There are two major types of prosopagnosia: acquired prosopagnosia and congenital...
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Prosopagnosia According to A.J. Larner's book, "A Dictionary of Neurological signs," prosopagnosia is a neurological condition, "a form of visual agnosia characterized by an inability to recognize previously known human faces or equivalent stimuli (hence a retrograde defect) and to learn new ones (anterograde defect)" (Larner, 2010). Larner further distinguishes between two forms of prosopagnosia: apperceptive and associative agnosia. This "category-specific recognition disorder," as G, Neil Martin calls it in his
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