Kant, Hanslick and Music
Kant and Hanslick on Music and the Beauty Thereof
Several theories have been formulated regarding how art should be evaluated aesthetically and how this aesthetic evaluation can be applied to music. While some contend that aesthetics and music should be evaluated from a Marxist perspective in which socio-historic factors are taken into consideration, others contend that a work of art should be judged based upon its form or structure. In order to better understand what can and is considered beautiful, one can look to Immanuel Kant's The Critique of Judgment; likewise, Eduard Hanslick in Vom Musikalisch-Schonen: Ein Betrag Zur Revision der Asthetik der Tonkunst (On the Musically Beautiful: A Contribution Towards the Revision of the Aesthetics of Music) is able to build upon Kant's arguments regarding beauty and attempt to define what makes music aesthetically pleasing.
Music is a special kind of art because it is considered to be a uniquely human process. Due to music's uniqueness, it is believed that certain values can be expressed through the medium and that music has the potential to be a vehicle for the expression of values. Furthermore, music is a subdivision of sound with the other category being comprised of noise. While noise does not have a formal structure of any sort, "music is the sole source of organized sound" (Graham, 95). Moreover, music has the capacity of being used to convey ideas that "relate to audible changes in strength, motion, and proportion…consequently [including]…ideas of increasing and diminishing, acceleration and deceleration, clever interweavings simple progressions [of ideas] and the like" (Robinson, 296).
Music is also unlike all other forms of art since it requires an audience to be willing to partake or participate in the art. Since no one forces an individual to listen to music then it is the listener that makes the determination as to what he or she will listen to. Eduard Hanslick contends that,
The servile dependence of the various special aesthetics upon a supreme metaphysical principle of general aesthetics...
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psychoanalytic as portrayed by H. Segal. It has sources. Psychoanalytic approach to aesthetics can best be understood by understanding the theory/ies that guide us on the study of this particularly complex discipline. The theory and guidelines of psychoanalytic approach enable us to offer some insight into the worlds of literature, art and music, and on the other hand, it also allows us to better understand artists' perception and inner approaches
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