Validity of Accountability Systems
Susan Fuhrman's policy brief entitled "Redesigning Accountability Systems for Education" investigates the effectiveness of existing educational accountability systems, and proposes changes to them for greater effectiveness. Educational accountability systems for American public schools need to be reworked in light of the growing numbers of minority students and awareness that the current system may be discriminatory. Accountability is, however, totally relevant and necessary given the low performance of most schools. The author states that accountability systems work on the principle that student performance is the top priority of all schools and that assessment instruments are one of the most effective means to measure student performance. Moreover, placing accountability systems in public schools promotes better performance because they work on a reward-consequence basis.
Fuhrman's article is balanced and objective, as the author analyses the validity and fairness of existing accountability systems and questions whether or not they are beneficial for students. For example, she states, "Accountability systems need not be set in stone," (7). Her approach encourages flexibility when designing and implementing educational accountability systems. Furthermore, while Fuhrman acknowledges the need for some kind of accountability system to ensure school performance and to demand that American public schools adequately educate all of their students, she also realizes the limitations of standardized testing and other means of making schools accountable. This policy brief brings to light the weaknesses inherent in the current accountability systems, which address superficial, rather than meaningful results that can foster genuine learning in students.
Fuhrman proposes a more realistic and comprehensive approach to accountability systems. They should, according to the author, taken into account differences in curriculum and student bodies, which vary from district to district, state to state. She also encourages constant reassessment of the accountability systems themselves, so that they do not become irrelevant or antiquated. Fuhrman promotes what she calls "political stamina," to eliminate complacency and laziness in regard to educational public policy. Her article is brief, to-the-point, and politically and socially relevant; it is also backed up with sufficient research and data that support her points.
As a result, they found that the faculty at various colleges / universities around the country responded most favorably to post tenure review when it improved academic standards at the institution. Yet, beyond this issue the overall areas of divisiveness remained. The consistency of the results shows that the quality of the sample taken is accurate in identifying what factors affect perceptions. (Wood & Johnson, 2004, pp. 395 --
More importantly, because the system needs to be perceived as fair, employee's opinions must be taken into account. We are not putting this system into place to be punitive, but rather to protect the interests of all of the employees. It is believed that the system of inquiry will have a strongly positive effect on the organization. Verizon has long had some form of ethical code, but with the new
Experimental Literature by Celia Brown and Clive Belfield. The authors attempt to focus on the cost-effectiveness of educational lectures, and discuss the dearth of literature on the subject. Reflective Review The authors have tackled an interesting subject that is not normally considered when discussing finance and accounting issues. They discuss their purpose early in the paper. "Specifically, in this paper we undertake a cost-effectiveness review of the lecture mode of (higher)
The printing press is a subject of the evolution of technology and has existed for over five hundred years (Eisenstein, 2007, p 87). Looking back into the way the printing press functioned at the inception is an environment characterized by intensive labor and collaboration of efforts to bring to birth probably one of the most significant sources of information existing in the present age (Eisenstein, 2007, p 102). The
Organizational Accountability Review of Taiwan's Disaster Management Activities In Response To Typhoon Morakot Taiwanese System of Government 174 Responsibility of Emergency Management in Taiwan 175 Disasters in Taiwan 175 Citizen Participation 189 Shafritz defines citizen participation as follows: 192 Public Managers, Citizen Participation, and Decision Making 192 The Importance of Citizen Participation 197 Models of Citizen Participation 199 Citizen Participation Dilemmas 205 Accountability 207 Definitions of Accountability 207 The Meaning of Accountability 208 The Functions of Accountability 213 Citizen Participation and Accountability 216 Accountability Overloads
Monitoring System of Starbucks Monitoring and Evaluation Systems Monitoring consists of everyday assessment of activities and projects, while evaluation entails the routine assessment of attained undertakings. Monitoring oversees the amount of work done while evaluation oversees the impact of the work done yet. There are number of audiences to be tapped upon for information regarding monitoring and evaluating post disaster projects such as: Agencies Funders Government Public Afflicted community In case of post disaster projects, monitoring and evaluation
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