At 58).
Housing among the poor in the cities usually consisted of multiple families (as many as 8) living in homes designed for just one. The price of rent was disproportionately high because the numbers of immigrants in the teeming cities kept demand higher than supply (Ibid. At 132). As a result, slum housing developed and the risk of fire and disease became a daily risk for the urban lower class.
The middle class enjoyed much better conditions. While downward mobility was always possible, the middle class could typically expect rising wages and could afford moderate consumerism, that is, purchasing magazines, clothing, books and some of the new manufactured goods becoming more and more available. A basic middle class characteristic was the traditional nuclear home where the male earns a wage by working full time outside of the home and the female retained jurisdiction over domestic matters. More and more middle class households were presided over by the maternal values and a strong sense of Protestant spiritualism (Ibid. At 58).
For the very wealthy, not only would their lifestyle not resemble the poor working class, their lives would very often not come into contact with each other at all. The wealthy lived in neighborhoods far removed from the teeming inner cities, rode to the factories they owned in private carriages and employed servants to conduct their daily menial affairs (Ibid. At 57).. The food they ate, the clothes they wore and the diversions they partook of on a daily basis were all luxuries beyond the comprehension of the average worker, who struggled to buy an occasional ice cream cone for his children (Ibid. At 58).
3b)
The role of indentured servants and freed slaves in the class structure of the cities.
Indentured servants were much more popular and prevalent before the Revolutionary War; the practice did extend into the 19th century though with much less frequency.
Early indentured servants made a contractual commitment to labor for a specified period of time agreed with the shipper prior to sailing to America. The shipper recouped his
So who is an American and what an America can or cannot do are questions which are critical to the issue of legalizing immigrants. Does being an American mean you cannot show allegiance to any other country? The images of people raising and waving Mexican flag had enraged many but it need not have. It should be accepted that people who come from different countries would forever hold in their
In other words, World War II produced an important shift in both mentality and reality. Although many of the women who had been employed during the war returned to being homemakers, there was also a significant percentage which managed to reconcile being a mother and a wife with work. Also, despite the fact that their wages were far from being equal to those of men, their contribution to the
Without a public health system in place these elements were left in the street to be breathed in and walked through daily. In addition there engineering advances that built large high rise slums that were quickly filled to capacity even though they offered no fresh water or waste disposal areas. The 1870's became the decade for urban public health reform as Congress made the move to reorganize the Marine Hospital Service.
Abstract:Today, mental health in the U.S. has become the focus of a growing body of scholarship as researchers examine the antecedents to the nation�s current political polarization and increasingly violent responses to the multiple existential threats that confront humanity. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, for instance, has not only brought to the forefront the critical importance of public health but has also exposed the vulnerabilities in the nation's mental health infrastructure.
MYTH: Decriminalizing prostitution would save a lot of money because police wouldn't have to arrest prostitutes or johns or pimps. FACT: Decriminalization of prostitution has resulted in expensive legal challenges because no one wants prostitution zoned into their neighborhood or near their kids' schools. Mustang Brothel was shut down because of tax evasion. Pimps are simply not going to hand over the massive profits that they make from the business of
Many of the busts in the ghetto are drug-related, and Hilfiker notes that our society punishes petty drug offences far more severely than crimes committed by people who are wealthy. Meantime, the mandatory minimum sentence takes away the possibility of any plea bargaining; it takes away the judge's previous alternative of giving probation for a petty crime and hands the power to the prosecutor, who runs for office on
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