(White House, 2003)
II. The NATIONAL STRATEGY for SECURE CYBERSPACE
The National Strategy for Secure Cyberspace strategic plan states that its strategic objectives are "consistent with the National Strategy for Homeland Security' and that those objectives include: (1) prevention of cyber attacks against America's critical infrastructure; (2) reduction of national vulnerability to cyber attacks and; (3) minimization of damage and recovery time from cyber attacks that do occur. (White House, 2003) This report additionally relates that the sector best equipped and structured in providing a response to cyber threats which are constantly evolving is the private sector. Specifically stated in the report is "Public-private engagement is a key component of our Strategy to secure cyberspace. Public-private partnerships can usefully confront coordination problems. They can significantly enhance information exchange and cooperation." (White House, 2003) Under this strategy to secure cyberspace it is stated that engagement between the pubic and private sectors will take various forms and additionally will "...address awareness, training, technological improvements, vulnerability remediation, and recovery operations." (White House, 2003) the Department of Homeland Security was signed into legislation on November 25, 2002. DHS is a "cabinet-level department" that serves to "unite 22 federal entities for the common purpose of improving" homeland security in the United States. Responsibilities of the Secretary of DHS include: (1) development of a comprehensive national plan for securing the key resources and critical infrastructure of the United States; (2) Providing crisis management in response to attacks on critical information systems; (3) Providing technical assistance to the private sector and other government entities with respect to emergency recovery plans for failures of critical information systems; (4) coordination with other agencies of the federal government to provide specific warning information and advice about appropriate protective measures and countermeasures to state, local, and nongovernmental organizations including the private sector, academia, and the public; and; (5) Performing and funding research and development along with other agencies that will lead to new scientific understanding and technologies in support of homeland security. (White House, 2003) Five national priorities stated by the National Strategy to Secure Cyberspace are the following: (1) a National Cyberspace Security Response System; (2) a National Cyberspace Security Threat and Vulnerability Reduction Program; (3) a National Cyberspace Security Awareness and Training Program; (4) Securing Governments' Cyberspace; and (5) National Security and International Cyberspace Security Cooperation. (White House, 2003) Stated as eight major actions and initiatives for cyberspace security response are the following: (1) establishment of a public-private architecture for responding to national-level cyber incidents; (2) Provide for the development of tactical and strategic analysis of cyber attacks and vulnerability assessments; (3) Encourage the development of a private sector capability to share a synoptic view of the health of cyberspace; (4) Expand the Cyber Warning and Information Network to support the role of DHS in coordinating crisis management for cyberspace security; (5) Improve national incident management;(6) Coordinate processes for voluntary participation in the development of national public-private continuity and contingency plans; (7) Exercise cybersecurity continuity plans for federal systems; and (8) Improve and enhance public-private information sharing involving cyber attacks, threats, and vulnerabilities.
Stated as the eight major actions and initiatives to reduce threats and related vulnerabilities are the following: (1) Enhance law enforcement's capabilities for preventing and prosecuting cyberspace attacks; (2) Create a process for national vulnerability assessments to better understand the potential consequences of threats and vulnerabilities; (3) Secure the mechanisms of the Internet by improving protocols and routing; (4) Foster the use of trusted digital control systems/supervisory control and data acquisition systems; (5) Reduce and remediate software vulnerabilities; (6) understand infrastructure interdependencies and improve the physical security of cyber systems and telecommunications; (7) Prioritize federal cybersecurity research and development agendas; and (8) Assess and secure emerging systems.
III. The DHS (DEPARTMENT of HOMELAND SECURITY) INTELLIGENCE ENTERPRISE STRATEGIC PLAN
Stated as goals that "encompass the breadth of activities of the Department of Homeland Security Intelligence Enterprise" and that illustrates where efforts will be concentrated in the improvement of capabilities are those as follows:
Goal 1: Requirements, Collection and Dissemination:...
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