U.S. Constitution: Discussion Questions
A) The Fourteenth Amendment: the Case of Whitney V. California
274 U.S. 357
Whitney V. California (No. 3)
Argued: October 6, 1925
Decided: May 16, 1927
453 Affirmed
Location: Socialist Convention at Loring Hall
Factual Analysis: Anita Charlotte Whitney, who subscribed to the CLPC (Communist Labor Party of California), found herself was arraigned for breaching the state's 'Criminal Syndicalism Act', which forbade any actions aiding or advocating crime commission, including "terrorism as a means of accomplishing a change in industrial ownership or control, or effecting any political change" (LII, n.d.).
was the 'Criminal Syndicalism Act' repugnant to the Fourteenth Amendment? By penalizing those who advocate unlawful and violent methods of altering political and industrial situations and not penalizing individuals who advocate the same methods with the aim of maintaining such conditions, the statute, in the view of the defendant, contravened the 'Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment' (LII, n.d.).
Majority Opinion: No. The Criminal Syndicalism Act does not violate the Fourteenth Amendment because the distinction cannot be regarded arbitrary; rather it is "within the discretionary power of the state to direct its legislation against what it deems an evil, without covering the whole field of possible abuses" (LII, n.d.). Moreover, the statute is not class-legislation;...
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