This in turn drew more workers (Hassan 2004). The result is that Kuala Lumpur has added millions to its population and enjoys a far greater average annual income than does rural Malaysia. Indeed, Harris-Todaro also helps to explain urban-urban migration in Malaysia. As Kuala Lumpur has grown to be the country's primate city, it has captured migration from smaller urban areas, including the region's former primate cities such as Melaka and Georgetown.
Compact development for a sustainable city is generally possible when a long-term strategy is put into place. Typically, this will also involve a slower pace of rural-urban migration, so that the city will have the resources to handle the new migrants. Curitiba, Brazil is a city that has long had a sustainable development plan. By designing a city that encourages compact development, including dense and integrated transit networks, urban sprawl is contained. Compact development typically emerges as a deliberate policy, in Curitiba's case this policy has been a work in progress for several decades.
Compact development refers to a city plan that emphasizes a smaller city with a high density core and limited suburban sprawl. In the case of Curitiba, this plan was implemented in the 1960s and has continued to this day. The city has envisioned trip patterns that are shorter than most other cities, such that residents can live and work in the same spaces without the need for long commutes. This reduces greenhouse gas emissions and allows for a more livable urban environment (Magalhaes & Ortiz, 2009). This type of planning integrates both economic growth and population growth, rather than emphasizing...
Urbanization and Foreign Aid Africa has long been the site of urbanization and foreign aid since the so-called Scramble for Africa (Hopkins, 1993, p. 489). Other sources, however, indicate that if one were to look at the formal influence of colonization, the many different countries in Africa have been receiving a sort of 'forced' foreign aid even prior to the Scramble of Africa. As such, there has been a substantial amount
In developed nations this is easier because technologies and materials, often expensive and hard to come by, can help to mitigate pollution. In less developed nations, pollution is often somewhat of an afterthought as a product of production or prosperity (Termorshuizen, Opdam, and van den Brink, 380). By creating cheaper, more fuel efficient technologies and by making them available to all nations, pollution in the third world and developing
Tillburg planners use a problem-solution strategy that will be familiar to many CEOs and corporate executives. The basic process is as follows: 1. problem recognition - to identify all problems in the neighborhood; 2.agreement - to discuss the results together; 3.the solution - how the recognized problems can be solved; 4.the responsibilities - who is responsible for carrying out the solution; 5.the agreement - are individuals and organizations in agreement with the solutions. (Unesco, 2008d). Every
1995, 359-365). However, Chicago is well placed due its geographical location to weather many of these ills. Being centrally located in the Midwest, it enjoys good lines of communication and trade with the rest of the country, mitigating many of the more extreme problems. Unfortunately, what is happening in Chicago is the result of years of developments in the deindustrialization of the city. Recently, studies have shown that this
Urbanization, Slum Formation and Land Reform: A Case Study of Papua New Guinea Urbanization, Slum Formation and Land Reform: Papua New Guinea Global Urbanization, Slum Formation, and the Persistence of Slums Urbanization is a phenomenon affecting each and every country of the world. In this text, I hypothesize that Papua New Guinea ought to fix its land policies so as to properly manage urbanization. One of the country's cities, Port Moresby, has been
Urbanization in Turkey When it comes to concerns about rural areas versus that of urban areas, there are most certainly pros and cons involved. Turkey is certainly a country that could and should be included in this debate. While many people tout the improvements and advancements seen when an area becomes urbanized and more developed, it is seen by many that there are tradeoffs. One such tradeoff is the effect on
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