¶ … unrest in china?
According to page 63 the New Culture Movement "…was the result of intellectual, political, social and economic ferment. It was the climax of a mental awakening that had begun in 1915" (Leung). Japan had gained a large sphere of interest in northern China and Manchuria through its victories in the First Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War, and had thus joined the European imperialist powers in their rush to establish political and economic domination over China. With the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty, and the establishment of the new Republic of China under General Yuan Shikai, Japan saw an opportunity to expand its position in China.
Sun Yat-sen repeatedly declared that the Twenty One Demands were invited and even written by Yuan Shikai himself. The price Yuan was willing to pay Japan for recognizing him as Emperor. Although China later joined on the side of the Allies in World War I, the Japanese demanded the German spheres of influence in China, and also wanted special economic rights for the Japanese nationals living in parts of China. Chinese diplomatic failure at the Paris Peace Conference became the incident that touched off the outbreak of the May Fourth Movement, and became known as the "Shandong Problem."
The May 4th event began in Beijing and quickly spread to other cities and universities. "On may 4, 1919, about 5,000 student in Beijing held a huge demonstration against the decision of the Versailles Peace Conference to accept Japanese control of the former German concessions in Shandong Province. It was at once an explosion of public anger an outburst of nationalism, an expression of deep disappointment in the West, and a violent indictment of the "traitorous" warlord government in Beijing" (Leung). The May 4th Movement served as an intellectual turning point in China because, it was an event that radicalized Chinese intellectual thought. According to Leung, "Some historians today hail the May fourth incident as the first serious mass movement in Chinese history."
The May Fourth Movement promoted the spreading of Marxism in China, and prepared the ideological foundation for the establishment of the Chinese Communist...
While on one hand, the Nile gets the highest discharge from rainfall on the highlands of Ethiopia and upland plateau of East Africa, located well outside the Middle East region; on the other hand, discharge points of the other two rivers, Euphrates and Tigris, are positioned well within the Middle East region, prevailing mostly in Turkey, Syria along with Iraq. In other areas, recurrent river systems are restricted to
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Under it, conversion to Islam was irreversible and only Malay and Islamic cultures were recognized and in disregard of the fact that about half of the total population in the peninsula was non-Malay and non-Muslim. Although the privileges and favors given to the Malays were to help bring them to the same economic productivity level as the Chinese, the government policy of discrimination did not appear likely even if the
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