Impairment entails something is not working as well as it should but there may still be some basic functioning. Hearing loss can go by many terms such as deaf, deafness, or hard of hearing. All could be one and the same situation but as pointed out, each individual is suffering from their own individual illness or situation and may or may not be comparable to any other hearing loss situation.
Although this report focuses on hearing loss as it is associated to military service, it is important to note that in the United States; approximately three of every thousand newborns are born with some type of hearing impairment thus making it one of the more common birth defects in our nation. This entails that there are many public and private organizations and foundations diligently working towards a cure. Until there is a solution however, the problem will continue to affect millions of individuals at birth. but, as we are now well aware, hearing problems can and do develop later in life and terms of service in the armed forces has a high incidence of hearing loss and tinnitus associated to it.
To understand how the ability to hear can be lost, it is important to first understand how hearing works. Although this is a simplified view, it is generally enough to clarify the situation. The human ear consists of three different subdivisions:
the outer ear the middle ear the inner ear
When functioning properly, these three unique parts work together and therefore a person has the ability to hear and process sounds. The visible outer ear or pinna functions as a cone that receives and slightly filters sound waves.
These sound waves travel through the outer ear canal and bounce off of or hit the eardrum in the middle ear. The middle ear's eardrum begins to vibrate and these vibrations move three very small bones within the middle ear. These bones are called the malleus or hammer, the incus or anvil and the stapes or stirrup.
The malleus, incus and stapes function is to help direct the sound waves in a certain direction into the inner ear. The vibrations that were triggered by the sound waves in the middle ear then travel to the cochlea which is filled with liquid and lined with cells that have thousands of tiny hairs on their surface.
The vibrations move the hairs and allow the hairs to change the original sound vibrations into nerve signals which are then forwarded to the brain for interpretation. This process is an extremely well meshed orchestra of events that gives is one's ability to hear.
It is also important to understand the various types of hearing loss and there are relatively few different types of hearing loss:
conductive sensory mixed (conductive and sensory combined) neural
Conductive hearing loss occurs if and when there are associated problems with any part of the outer or middle ear. Individuals with conductive hearing loss find that it is often only a mild hearing loss and it can be more than likely temporary if one receives medical treatment. Sensory hearing loss occurs when the cochlea is not functioning as it should. This type of damage could happen if the hair cells are damaged or destroyed or if the liquid that should be within the cochlea is leaked in some way.
Depending on the type of loss, the range of hearing loss could range anywhere between a person hearing only muffled sounds to not that individual not being able to hear any sounds. Sensory hearing impairments are in most cases permanent and may even affect a person's ability to speak normally and have linked to loss of overall balance.
Neural hearing loss is an internal issue with the connections between the cochlea and the brain and therefore implies that there is some sort of associated nerve damage or maybe even that the path of entry to the brain may be blocked or damaged in some way or manner.
Causes of hearing loss can very: besides birth defects, some specific causes of hearing loss can be attributed to:
middle ear fluid serious infections, such as meningitis head injury listening to very loud music, especially through headphones repeated exposure to loud sounds, such as machinery or explosions
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