Theoretical Approaches:
There are several theoretical approaches that have been developed by different personality theorists that focus on explaining the uniqueness of individuals. These theories have particularly been developed in the field of personality psychology that includes some popular thinkers or theorists like Sigmund Freud. Since these theories provide different approaches to understanding personality, they have been classified into different categories based on their focus and the psychologists who developed them. Some of the most common categories of personality theories include biological, behavioral, psychodynamic, trait, and humanistic and existential theories. In addition, some of the most common theoretical approaches in the personality psychology field include dispositional, learning, psychodynamic, and humanistic and existential theories or approaches.
Dispositional Theories:
The development of dispositional theories can be attributed to the work of Gordon Allport who stressed on the distinctiveness of the individual unlike any other personality theorist. Allport focused on an individual's uniqueness because of his belief that describing people based on their general traits denies them of their unique individuality (Feist & Feist, 2009, p.375). During this period, Allport refuted the trait and factor theories that seemingly lessened individual behaviors to common traits. The emphasis on an individual's uniqueness was referred to as morphogenic science, which was considerably different from nomothetic techniques used by many psychologists of theorists.
Dispositional theories are based on several assumptions including the fact that every individual has steady and long-lasting dispositions to exhibit some emotions, behaviors, and attitudes. The individual dispositions usually appear in different situations, which is the reason for people's predictable action in different settings. In addition, every individual has varying set of dispositions that contribute to a unique pattern. Generally, there are two main kinds of dispositional theories i.e. type theories and trait theories. Type theories classify people to different categories of personality based on their temperament. In contrast, trait theories are based on the assumption that people have different traits that can be regarded as ongoing characteristics that these people possess in varying amounts. These theories have contributed to development of objective personality tests that have become central to personality assessment.
Humanistic and Existential Theories:
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