Pre-accident plan is a plan which contains the necessary information for all personnel that would be required in the event of a mishap, investigation of the mishap including the details needed in the process of recovering an aircraft that is involved in an accident. It includes all the duties, the responsibilities and the training programs necessary to successful manage an accident involving an airplane. The pre-accident pan is structures so as to contain all the latest notifications and the necessary contact procedures to be used to initiate a response to all the aircraft incidents. A copy of the pre-accident plan is then copied to the Chief of Fire and Aviation, The area Chief ranger and the notification set to a relevant body such as FAA (Castro,1988). The pre-accident plan is to be coordinated with the relevant disaster control departments using a set of standard procedures that are to be exercised, reheased monthly and then review annually so as to accommodate the necessary modifications. In case of an aircraft accident, the necessary Emergency Response Plan is initialized by the Search and Rescue Coordinator who is on duty. This is then followed by the prompt notification of the FAA and NTSB according to the laid down response procedure.

Apart from the investigation that is conducted by other relevant external authorities, there is mean to be an internal investigation to be carried out by the airport's appropriate investigating authority. The investigation that is carried out by the internal investigating Division of the airport involves a thorough review of all the aircraft incidents. There is however two major reasons that are to be fulfilled by the investigation. The first purpose of the investigation is to establish beyond any reasonable doubt the actual facts of the matter as to why the accident under investigation occurred. Thus is done with the aim of drawing appropriate reasons on the most likely cause of a particular accident so as to be able formulate recommendations to be implemented so as to avert future catastrophes and incidents. The internal investigation is to be headed and coordinated by the Aviation safety Manager. In the absence of the manager, the investigation is to be headed by an appointed representative who is qualified carry out an accurate and professional investigation.

A report is then drafted and then forwarded to the airport management. This report must contain a concise summary of all the facts and figures involved. The investigating team's in-depth analysis of the accident is also included together with their conclusions and the necessary recommendations. This report may then be seconded by another report from dissenting members who may come up with a minority report that states their sources of disagreement.

Safety Analysis

After the investigation is completed, it then becomes necessary to analyze into details the data that is gathered in order to come up with appropriate conclusions and recommendations. The Manager will be tasked with the duty of maintaining an analysis system that utilizes the data that has been sourced from the accident/incident division's reports. This is with the aim of identifying certain trends and particular areas that require the immediate attention and action of the airport management. The analyzed information is then availed upon official request within a period of time that is not less than four months (Alaska Interagency Coordination Center Aircraft, 2009).

Review and subsequent revision

The documents containing the aviation safety program details is held and maintained by the Airport Safety Manager who maintains its control until the time when it is reviewed. The review period or regime is annual and is done after suggestions and request for revision are successfully sent and received by the Airport Aviation Safety Manager. The review is then followed with the appropriate implementation of the suggested policy and procedure changes.

Safety techniques of the pre-accident plan

There are numerous requirements that are supposed to be met in order for the pre-accident plan to be successful executed. The requirements consist of a set of procedures and persons to coordinate their successful execution.

The pre-accident plan should be include an alarm system that is initiated in case of an impending accident or after the accident has occurred. The crash alarm system is incorporated into the pre-accident plan by way of a well drafted checklist. The checklist consists of two categories of agencies. The first category is the primary group of agencies who are notified about the accident before the second category of agencies is informed. The methods of notification that is used include telephones. Along with the telephone numbers is the call for "immediate action" steps that must be initiated so as to execute the operation successfully....

The other requirements are the primary Emergency rescue Response units and the Secondary Internal Unit controls.( National Transportation Safety Board, 2007).
The secondary Internal Unit Actions is another requirement of the pre-accident planning system. These actions are designed so as to incorporate the necessary procedures and advance preparation techniques that are meant to reduce the level of confusion that is usually present in any emergency situations. These emergency procedures ate to contain a very detailed set of important instructions ranging from the necessary equipment to the specific duties and responsibilities of the rescue team members.

It is worth mentioning that a given pre-accident plan is a necessary part of all organizations and firms that operate aircrafts. The regulations that are stipulated by the plan are applicable to all organizations without any form of discrimination between the various rank and offices that are in existence in a given organization. The Pre-Accident plan is supposed to exude a high level of expertise in its dispensation procedures. The procedures and actions that it requires are to be rehearsed frequently at rate not more than quarterly.

The Pre-Accident Plan gives a certain level of mandate and responsibility to certain individual in the process of facilitating the plan's execution. The Airport Safety Officer is mandated to rehearse and review the plan itself with the aid of other airport operation officers at least on a quarterly basis. The Airport Safety Officer is also given the task of ensuring that all the necessary agencies are involved in the process of testing, consolidation of training and participation in all the relevant portions of the pre-accident plan. The Airport Safety Officer's role further gives him the task of working in conjunction with the various relevant accident investigation boards through the provision of all the requisite information and logistical support. The officer further has the fundamental role of preparing the accident report and then making the preliminary deductions and conclusions about the mishap or accident.

The Pre-accident plan requires the Airport Safety Manager to review all the relevant reports regarding the accident before submitting them to the relevant authorities and the management. Examples of the duties that are required of the officer are to ensure that all the medical elements of the pre-accident plan are perfect. He is charged with the duty of supervising the medical personnel while at the same time facilitating appropriate training of the crash rescue taskforce. The officer has another role of establishing the fundamental policies, the accompanying procedures and the standards that are to be utilized in the process of executing the rescue operation and the fire fighting task. It is important to note that the per-accident plan requires that all the airport personnel both permanent and temporary are well trained on the basic principles of pre-accident evacuation.( National Transportation Safety Board, 2007).

The other requirement of the pre-accident plan is that the Ambulance personnel to be appropriately trained in the execution of all the emergency medical procedures that are involved in the treatment and the evaluation of the injured persons. The medical procedure that is involved is conducted by personnel whose services are pooled into three distinct groups. The first group of services which is also referred to as the primary group of emergency procedures includes the crew members whose primary role is to do fire fighting and rescue operations. This group also includes the personnel who are mandated to handle all the Ambulance and medical procedures.

The second group of services includes the supporting personnel who are mandated to provide maintenance services. The other role played by this group is the provision of adequate security to the personnel and the securing of the accident site. Photography services are also performed by this group. The Aviation Safety manager belongs to this category.

The third group of personnel is mainly involved with the performing of official duties. It includes the Installation Fire Marshall, the Public Relations Officer, the Chaplains, the accident Investigation Board among others.

The other very important requirement of the pre-accident plan is the provision of the safety procedures for evacuating, investigating and generally dealing with hazardous and poisonous incidents. This is the environmental importance of the pre-accident plan and the procedures involved should be executed in an order that conforms to the set down contingency plans. The details of the contingency plan are readily available from the various local environmental offices.

The next requirement deals with the off airfield emergency procedures. The procedures in this category include…