But Swiss authorities maintained that transactions conducted in good faith with the Swiss National Bank should be respected. The direct opposition of the sides reached political levels (Castelmur). As a repository of Nazi gold, Switzerland was forced to choose between giving up billions of its money or face international disapproval and sanctions (Sobran 2001). The billions deposited in Swiss banks are believed to belong to victims of the Jewish Holocaust (Sobran). Many believed that the Nazis stole gold, jewelry and other valuables from these murdered victims (Sobran 2001, Castelmur 1992). The Germans needed to keep the items in the international market for their use and in exchange for their war efforts. The Swiss not only kept their accounts but also helped them make the exchange. Many of the murdered Jews also opened Swiss bank accounts. Survivors and dependents remember that their deceased parents opened those accounts, but did not know the account numbers or have the necessary documents to make the claim. Swiss banks require death certificates, which cannot be produced because there are no such official records of Holocaust murders. For many decades, survivors have been making claims to no success. There is no certainty as to how much money Jewish victims deposited into the banks. On July 23, 1997, the Swiss...
Those with any claim must ask an accounting firm to help out and an international panel will determine if there is strong evidence to warrant the grant of a claim (Sobran, Castelmur).
The Army XXI program for major military transformations has been in progress since 2004 (U.S. Department of State 2009). Last year's goals were consolidation and improvement of quality. The parliament approved Development Stage 08/11 for military reforms for 2008-2011 in 2007. The overall aim was to reduce military size while maintaining high quality of knowledge and equipment standards. At the same time, Development Stage 08/11 aimed at increasing military personnel
In the event that the analysis of records of telephone, e-mail and internet use was considered to amount to an interference with respect for private life or correspondence, the Government contended that the interference was justified. First, it pursued the legitimate aim of protecting the rights and freedoms of others by ensuring that the facilities provided by a publicly funded employer were not abused. Secondly, the interference had a
In most of Switzerland's cantons, the main religion is represented by Christianity. It is estimated that 41.8% of the population belong to the Catholic Church, while 35.3% belong to Protestant denominations. Other religions, which were brought by immigrants include Islam accounting for 4.3%, and Eastern Orthodoxy accounting for 1.8% of the population. Demographics in Switzerland The country's population in 2009 reached 7,604,467. The age structure is the following: 0 -- 14 years:
Although there have been times in the country's history when this neutral stance has made it vulnerable to accept and participate in actions that were deplorable (most notably cooperating with Nazi Germany to steal/hide the money of Jews sent to concentration camps), in many instances Switzerland has served as a place of refuge from political, social and religious conflict. It is a place that dignitaries go when they want
Brexit and British Trade: Advantages and Difficulties In June 2016, the UK voted to leave the European Union (EU). Commonly called "Brexit," the decision has raised a number of questions regarding Britain's current trading arrangements as well as possibilities and obstacles that await the UK post-EU (Hatzigeorgiou, Lodefalk, 2016). From a trade theory and policy perspective, this paper will assess the UK's current trading arrangements along with the potential advantages and
European countries include two categories of actors: the countries joined in an economic and, hopefully, political union referred to as the European Union (28 members so far, with Croatia joining in July 2013) and the countries that are not part of this block. The latter include countries such as Norway and Switzerland, part of another economic association, and countries that have expressed their intention to join the EU in the
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