Sustainable Tourism
In an increasingly globalized world concerned with environmental destruction, there has been a recent rise in the practice of sustainable tourism, especially within the context of developing nations. Yet, because the context of sustainable tourism is such a new development within the larger industry, there are many controversies and questions revolving the practice of sustainable tourism. Still, sustainable tourism development can promote sustainable development through regional community involvement, as long as the people living in these areas continue to see benefits from their devotion to sustaining eco-friendly practices within their tourism models.
Sustainable tourism is a relatively new element within the larger tourism industry. Ecotourism is often defined as "travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and sustains the well-being of local people," (Kiss 2004 p 232). Sustainable tourism occurs in a situation where organizations make eco-friendly choices in order to maintain a higher degree of sustainability within the modern context. Here the research suggests that "tour them involves travel to enjoy and engage with attractive and interesting surrounding -- often identified as natural -- in a way that does not degrade those surroundings" (Carrier & McLeod 2005 p 316). Sustainable tourism development works on increasing the level of respect tourist facilities have for their environment and helping empower local communities to adopt sustainable practices that will allow their resources to live on for generations. Thus, "sustainable tourism development meets the needs of present tourists and post regions while protecting the enhancing opportunities for the future," (460).
The practice also focuses on reimagining tourism from the consumer perspective to adopt new conditions regarding sustainable practices and the ability for the consumer to help promote eco-friendly facilities and ideologies.
Sustainable tourism development is essentially a complex concept that incorporates a number of elements needed to work in synergy with one another.
Here the research explains that "successful sustainable development inevitably requires the application of an integrative approach, since by definition it demands that the development process not eliminate future options nor prevents the continued operations, especially of indigenous peoples," (Pearce & Butler 2004 p 77).
As it has been practiced today, sustainable tourism has often been limited to rural areas, and therefore has failed to take hold within more urban forest environments (Pearce & Butler 2004). This becomes a problem for urban tourism development, as there is no guarantee of a successful model for sustainable tourism development in such contexts. Essentially, future tourism development does need to focus on creating viable models for ecotourism within a more urban context. In such situations, "tourism planners and academics lack the expertise to translate the models and concepts into use because examples of good practice are rare," (Pearce & Butler 2004 p 103).
There are clear limitations to the heights that sustainable development as it is currently practiced can reach within the context of the tourism industry. The research suggests that there art gaps within the current discourse regarding the true nature of demand for sustainable tourism (Liu 2000). It is difficult for developing region to combine methods of sustainable tourism with the innate cultural elements that drive society in such regions. Here, "many argue that the social and cultural impacts of tourism are primarily negative and any tourism related sociocultural changes should be avoided," including those of implementing changes to tourism practices to incorporate greater eco-friendly elements (Liu 2000 p 461). Often times, the imposition of sustainable tourism practices fail to recognize the need to successfully integrate them within the cultural hegemony of the host regions (Liburd 2010). Carrier and McLeod (2005) suggest that many elements of ecotourism are not as beneficial as they may originally seen. In fact, the researchers provide two examples in the Caribbean, especially the Dominican Republic and Jamaica, and how these locations are often exploiting environmental and social resources almost as much as traditional tourism does. These two locations have seen a huge increase in tourism, with additional increases in more specified eco-tourism. Essentially, eco-tourism continues the process of exploitation of the environment and resources of the locations prime for tourism. The researchers believe that despite claims to have a lesser impact on the environment, "these two places, which developed the facilities that ecotourists use, affected both the natural environment and people's relationship with their surroundings," (Carrier & McLeod 2005 p 320). For example, conservation efforts meant to increase options for recreational activities for eco-tourists are essentially affecting the nature of the livelihood of Jamaicans who live there full-time. Conservation...
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