Racial disparities are another social determinant of health (SFDPH, 2003). While White households in the subject State of the report earned more than $75,000, African-American and Latino households earned less than a quarter of that level. According to the California Budget Project, a family with 2 children needs to earn more than $50,000 to live in modest comfort in San Francisco. Transportation is another social determinant to health. Traffic and commuting safety, pollution by air or noise, social isolation or interaction, a substitute for exercise, and time pressure are among the ways transportation affects health. Tabulations show that most people in San Francisco traveled by car, truck or van alone (SFDPH).
According to the California Health Interview Survey conducted in 2001, about 28.8% strove to provide regular food (SFDPH, 2003). Of this number, 9.4% experienced physical hunger. The lack of assured access to sufficient food through socially appropriate means constitutes food insecurity (SFDPH).
Physical environment as another determinant has to do almost exclusively with air quality (SFDPH, 2003). The federal Clean Air Act empowers the Environmental Protection Agency to set heath standards for air pollutants, such as ozone, nitrogen dioxide and particulates. Standards for ozone and nitrogen dioxide standards were kept above the minimum but larger particulates went over the State standard in the last 4 years. Particulates can induce asthma and other respiratory conditions or make them worse (SFDPH).
Behavioral determinants are psychological factors influence health (SFPDH, 2003). These are smoking, physical inactivity, diet and abuse of alcohol and drugs. The U.S. Surgeon General identified cigarette smoking as the leading preventable cause of both disease and death in the country. California has a lower smoking rate than the national average, but it is still the major contributing factor to the State's disease and death rates. Tobacco use differs between the sexes and among income and educational levels. Men smoke more than women, most of them Whites and African-Americans. Most smokers earn lower incomes than those who earn higher incomes. The second leading determinant of death in the country is physical inactivity. The Surgeon General encouraged those who are inactive to increase their activity level in order to improve health and reduce the risk of dying or developing serious diseases. These include heart disease, diabetes, high...
Suicide Marilyn Monroe, Ernest Hemingway, George Sanders, and Virginia Woolf- what do all these people have in common? Death by suicide. Hard as it may be to swallow, the fact remains that these very famous people who were viewed as successful and had the world at their feet, took their own lives in a fit of depression, anger, melancholia and out of sheer hopelessness. But this phenomenon is not exclusive to
Mental Disorder Suicide- Mental Disorder Beginning with a historical analysis of suicide, the psychopathology of suicide is analyzed. Empirical findings are also presented to address probable causes of suicide. This paper addresses the psychopathology of suicide starting with its historical backdrop. It additionally contemplates the probable reasons leading to this pathology founded on latest empirical results. Control of suicidal behaviors and ideation are addressed, along with prevention and treatment strategies. Finally, the
In this setting, it is perhaps difficult or even impossible for many Westerners to conceptualize the various factors that might contribute to the decision of an individual Muslim to pursue suicide as a terrorism tactic, but game theory provides a useful framework in which this can be accomplished, and these issues are discussed further below. Game Theory Overview. Game theory was invented in order to satisfy a mathematical curiosity; from the
Developmental Psychology Body Image, Body Health, and Pathology Eating disorders and anorexia are becoming more commonplace today, and this is true particularly of young women, although older people and men sometimes also suffer from them. It is important to look at this issue as it relates to body image and how one feels about one's body, but also important to see it in the light of the way that one trust's oneself
Western civilization has been developing according to a set of coordinates that are entirely separated from the ones of its Eastern counterpart. The focus of this paper is to propose subjective psychologically-minded interpretations to a series of Asian stories and poems extracted from the traditions of Hinduism, Buddhism and Taoism. The storyline of Searching for Buddha begins with the account of a monk's lengthy and arduous journey towards finding Buddha. When
2007). A teenager who uses drugs or alcohol as escape mechanisms might need to cease their addictive behaviors before symptoms are relieved, because some drugs and alcohol exacerbate pre-existing depression and increase the risk of suicide (Van Voorhees 2007). Van Voorhees (2007) also points out that some physical illnesses can create symptoms that mimic depression and so doctors should perform a litany of blood tests to make more accurate diagnoses
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