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Statistics For Social Sciences Correlation Term Paper

Statistics for Social Sciences

Correlation

This assignment was designed to help students 1) develop a deeper understanding of the purposes of correlational techniques and 2) become more familiar with hand-computed and computer-based correlational analyses.

Use the smoking data provided to complete the following steps. NOTE: you can copy and paste the data into SPSS if you use the electronic word file of this assignment I have sent. Show all your computational work.

Hand compute the correlation between the number of years smoking (YR.SMOKE) and the number of cigarettes smoked per day (CIG.DAY).

Hand calculate the correlation between the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the level of carbon monoxide expired (CO.LEVEL).

Report both correlation coefficients and describe the strength and direction of each in words (based on Tables 5.1 and 5.2 in text).

d. Calculate the coefficients of determination and alienation for both correlations and explain what the numbers mean.

e. Draw two Venn-like diagrams similar to those in Figure 5.5 (p. 90) to demonstrate the coefficient of determination for both correlations. Be sure to label them using the variable names provided (ie, CIG.DAY, YR.SMOKE, and CO.LEVEL).

f. Draw a scatterplot to illustrate the relationship between CIG.DAY and CO.LEVEL. Describe the slope of the scatterplot.

g. Is it correct to say that higher intake of cigarettes (CIG.DAY) causes higher levels of carbon monoxide (CO.LEVEL)? Based solely on your correlation coefficient, explain why or why not.

2. Use the same data and compute the following using SPSS. Be sure to enter the data accurately into the program and to print off copies of your data and output files.

a. Determine the two Pearson correlation coefficients for the data provided below.

b. If you haven't already, analyze (using correlation ( bivariate) all three variables at once so that you see a correlation matrix in your printout.

c. Have SPSS generate three scatterplots: CIG.DAY and YR.SMOKE, CIG.DAY and CO.LEVEL, and YR.SMOKE and CO.LEVEL.

SEX

YR.SMOKE

CIG.DAY

CO.LEVEL

Female

20

15

17

Male

27

40

28

Female

14

28

40

Female

20

12

15

Female

10

40

33

Male

30

25

29

Female

35

33

29

Female

50

10

13

Female

15

20

30

Female

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