Turkey, clearly has a proud and longstanding history with sports and sports enthusiasm. Sports, as a cultural access point in fact is written into the Turkish constitution, as an aspect of cultural and personal growth goals for the entire nation. Turkey is one of the rare countries in the world which has an article related to sports in her Constitution. Article 59 of the Constitution says, "The State takes measures

business world, many strategies have been devised to gain and retain customers. Phenomena such as globalization, market saturation, and better information technology have driven strategies such as customer awareness and long-term customer relationships to be favored above relatively short-term strategies to gain new customers, such as product price and quality (Kinuthai et al., 2012, p. 223). Indeed, creating brand loyalty in order to retain customers in the long-term has

Aspara, J. (2009). Stock ownership as a motivation of brand-loyal and brand-supportive behaviors. Journal of Consumer Marketing. 26(6). Pp. 427-436. Retrieved from: http://www.yconomie.com/aspara/articles/aspara-2009_stock_ownership_brand_loyal_behaviors.pdf In this work, Aspara investigates the psychological motivations underlying stock ownership and its influence on brand loyalty as well as finding empirical evidence to support the explication of these motivations. The author points out that, although consumption and investment psychologies, respectively, have been seen as separate realms, the

Italy and USA Analysis COUNTRY A: Italy Introduce country PEST-C Political Environment Legal Environment Economic Environment Business Environment and Activities Analysis of Exports and Imports Balance of Payments and Exchange Rates Social Environment and Demographics Technological Environment Cultural Environment Hofstede's Country Characteristics Power Distance Index Individualism/Collectivism Masculine/Feminine Uncertainty Avoidance Index Long-Term Orientation Realistic Idea Rationale and Support COUNTRY B: United States Introduce Country PEST-C Political Environment Legal Environment Economic environment Business environment and activities Analysis of exports and imports Balance of payments and exchange rates Social environment and demographics Technological Environment Cultural Environment Hofstede's Country Characteristics Power Distance Index Individualism/Collectivism score91 13 Masculine/Feminine 13 Uncertainty Avoidance Index

THEORY One of the most difficult paradigms in research is defining what exactly constitutes the idea of "theory." There are many different authors with many different views on this. Harlow (2009) articulates the problem associated with defining "theory" is that there is no fixed, universal meaning for this concept. One of the guides towards identifying the components that constitute a theory could be the specific research direction at issue. In the natural

Athletics Supreme Marketing Plan Company Overview and Market Research Overview of Company Athletics Supreme is a company that has been in the sporting product industry for 10 years now. The main offices and largest retail store of the company is located in New York City. In particular, the company has become a household name in providing sports equipment, such as tennis rackets and balls, rugby balls and footballs. In addition, the company offers