On the African continent itself, Egypt was also involved; and later Abyssinia, expanding and consolidating her realm in this period. By 1897 the partition of Somaliland was virtually complete; and though subsequent adjustments occurred, the frontiers of the new Somali territories had been defined, at least theoretically. Such gaps as remained in the division were later adjusted in subsequent colonial consolidation. Only the frontiers remained to be demarcated, a practical step which turned out to be infinitely more difficult than could have been envisaged in 1897 (Lewis, 1988, p. 40)."
Britain's interest in Somalia was because of Aden, and its link as a route to India (p. 40). Britain took the area by force for that reason in 1839. The second phase occurred between 1900 and 1920, when Somali attempted to free itself from Imperial French and British control (Lewis, 1988, p. 63). The next phase was 1940-1950, when the British and Italians restored colonialism, and subsequently came entirely under the British flag until 1950-1960, when it was under "trust" to Italy, until its independence in 1969(Lewis, 1988, p. 139-226).
Summing up, in brief, the pros and cons of colonialism, Anna Simmons (1995) writes:
Key to the vicious cycle was this: Nationalism was unable to keep state resources from being abused so long as state institutions were incapable of delivering...
Africa's Political Crisis Most African colonies became independent in the 1950s and 1960s amid hopes that this would be the prelude to an era of democracy and development (Cooper, 2002). By the end of the 1980s, Africa was plagued by instability, authoritarianism, poverty, war and famine. In some countries, the state itself had begun to disintegrate. There are many reasons for Africa's current state of political instability. For one, continuous rivalry between
In 1998 for instance the U.S. embassy in Nairobi was blown by a car comb killing at least 200 people mostly Kenyan, it also happened in 2002 where suicide bombers killed 15 people in an Israel owned paradise hotel in Kikambala Mombasa where terrorists reportedly shot a missile at an Israel airline at the airport in Mombasa. These were the most serious attacks on the foreign interests in Kenya
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