Social Order: Institutions, Socializations, And the Performance of Social Roles
Erving Goffman dramaturgical theory is a seminal theory in the field of sociology. An example of "micro-sociological analysis," it forced sociological analysis back into the examination of things which actually exist, individual behavior, instead of mere concepts. Goffman demonstrated that the examination of real things can not only clarify existing lines of thought, but open up new avenues for the study of social behavior. Thesis: Through his emphasis on the individual's performance of social roles, Goffman demonstrates that, although social organization and dynamics do influence individual behavior, it is the individual herself who determines the final shape of this behavior.
Summary of the Theory
Erving Goffman's work, often classified as "symbolic interactionism," is highly valuable for the study of socialization and the performance of social roles. Erving studied how individuals used symbols in the performance of their social roles and how their performances appear to others. (31). Erving was interested in the many techniques individuals develop in order to "manage their social identities" for the purpose of gaining acceptance, approval, and support from their society. (31). Goffman called this the "dramaturgical analysis" because of the element of performance inherent in the individual's presentation of self in society. (31).
It is exemplary of the school of micro-sociological analysis micro-sociological analysis distinguished by three key characteristics. Micro-sociologists emphasize face-to-face social interaction between individuals instead of the workings of the social system as an abstract entity. (29). They also emphasize the meaning individual actions over the social function of those actions. Finally, they emphasize lived experience rather than abstract concepts. (29).
For Goffman, the self is merely a peg upon which "something of a collaborative manufacture will be hung for a time.'"Goffman calls this the "social" self that operates in the service of society. The "social" self consists of an array of different masks or "fronts" that the individual constructs according to each...
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