¶ … Social development
Barack Obama: Erikson's Model of Development
According to Erik Erikson's theory of developmental stages, every human being goes through a series of conflicted stages which must be resolved before he or she can successfully progress to the next stage. Barack Obama's movement through Erickson's life stages can be seen most acutely in his adolescence and young adulthood, based upon what he has revealed about his development in his autobiography Dreams From My Father. However, it may also be presumed that during the infancy stage he went through the familiar crisis of 'trust vs. mistrust.' During this phase, Obama's father left his mother and young son, which could have created a sense of insecurity, despite his mother's evident love for her child. However, Obama's mother remarried an Indonesian man, who was by all accounts a loving stepfather (Barak Obama, 2012, Biography).
From ages 2-4, Erikson says the central crisis of the toddler is one of 'learning autonomy vs. shame' in which the child learns to cooperate with others....
Obama would have had to have learned quickly how to cooperate to adjust to his newly 'blended' family. Obama's challenges did not end with this second stage. Obama's mother moved with his stepfather to Indonesia, where Obama attended school from ages 6 to 10 (Barak Obama, 2012, Biography). This stage of 'industry vs. inferiority' is said to teach the child how to master the 'rules' of social interacting -- which for the young Obama, were likely always shifting and changing, given the different cultures he was exposed to at home by his mother and in a native Indonesian school. Obama's mother instilled in him tremendous self-discipline at this time, drilling him to ensure he learned his homework, and Obama also had the challenges of the bilingualism demanded of his environment.
"During the fifth psychosocial crisis [of identity vs. identity diffusion] (adolescence, from about 13 or 14 to about 20) the child, now an adolescent, learns how to answer satisfactorily and happily the question of 'Who am I?'" (Stages of social-emotional development, 2012, Child Development Info).…
