Integrative Approach to Psychotherapy
Social Anxiety Disorder
Case Example
The film Elling presents a story of Elling, the seventh in a family of nine musically-talented children, who is only six when his and his brothers' musical talents are discovered by a visiting tycoon who then offers to sponsor the family troupe on a merry-go-round of public performances. During one of his first performances, Elling runs off-stage, afraid of the flashing lights and the audience applause. In another instance, he is asked to perform an Ella Fitzgerald song, but is unable to, and cries the entire night after his younger brother beats him to the prize. The fear of performing grows strong, and Elling continues to be paralyzed by the same while onstage; at times recalling nothing about his performance, other than the curtains being drawn. This fear perforates into other areas of his life and he soon finds himself shunning social places for fear of what people may be thinking of him. With time, the family's 'good boy' finds himself too frustrated, and is tempted to try alcohol. The sponsor, however, who still believes in Elling's talent and openly favors him over the rest, obtains professional help for him; and only then does Elling get diagnosed with social anxiety disorder (SAD).
The Multidimensional Model to Abnormal Behavior
Whereas one-dimensional models attribute psychopathology to a single, specific cause; multidimensional models posit that various reciprocal influences interact to yield the etiological processes that give rise to abnormal behavior (Wakschlag et al., 2013). These influences can be categorized into four -- biological; behavioral and cognitive; emotional; and social, cultural, and interpersonal influences. The subsequent subsections...
Theories of Etiology (Causes) of the Social Anxiety Disorder Subordination Stress Model Primates depend on establishing social relationships, and like men, laboratory assessments can be conducted to study their behavior. Studies that focused on nonhuman primates in an informal setting concerning dominance and subordination targeted female cynomolgus monkeys. The study established that subordinates dedicated more time living alone where they scanned their social world with fear. This is unlike the dominants who
Cardsmax Abramson, R. (2010). Psychotherapy of psychoses: some principles for practice in the real world. The Journal Of The American Academy Of Psychoanalysis And Dynamic Psychiatry, 38(3), 483-502. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Abramson, R. (2010) explains that treatment of psychoses must include psychological treatments for the mind joined with the commonly employed biological treatments for the brain. There are various schools of psychotherapy, but psychoanalytic treatment is the only Western discipline devoted to
32) The overall diagnostic and symptomatic patterns described by these points indicate that BPD is a serious disorder and is "...classified as a major personality disorder involving dramatic, emotional, or erratic behavior; intense, unstable moods and relationships; chronic anger; and substance abuse." (Boucher, 1999, p. 33) There are a number of criteria which, in line with DSM-IV, are used to identify and characterize this disorder. The first of these criteria refers
Cluster B Personality Disorder In this article some of the latest research regarding the Cluster B personality disorders has been given along with their etiology, diagnosis and treatment. Further some research related to the causes, preventive measures and treatments of such disorders has been discussed here as well. The article also presents biblical and cultural points-of-views regarding the disorder. Lastly, various viewpoints associated with the counter transference related to the treatment
, 2010). This point is also made by Yehuda, Flory, Pratchett, Buxbaum, Ising and Holsboer (2010), who report that early life stress can also increase the risk of developing PTSD and there may even be a genetic component involved that predisposes some people to developing PTSD. Studies of Vietnam combat veterans have shown that the type of exposure variables that were encountered (i.e., severe personal injury, perceived life threat, longer duration,
In civilian life, such individuals will have gained a traditional ethical education whereas in a combat context, such individuals will have been instructed on the use of lethal force. According to Willis, "habit and practice help the willingness and capacity to kill on command. The new recruit or volunteer may, and likely has, the innate reservation against killing anyone. Yet day in and day out, the 'normal' person is
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