Financial Risk Management Over the past decade, there have been tons of arguments over financial risk management especially if it is logically defensible in financial terms. Most risk managers have been able to observe both a better acceptance of their discipline along with a better enthusiasm on the part of businesses to employ the word "risk management." In the financing and banking business, nevertheless, these attitudinal changes have donated to

Commodity Investing Are there potential risk reduction and diversification opportunities in adding commodities to a Norwegian investor's asset portfolio? Recent global economic turmoil has inspired investors all over the globe to look for ways to protect their portfolios and to continue to make them grow despite a weak economy. Investments in commodities have been suggested as a solid hedge against future turmoil in the markets. The question is whether this is good

risk and return for an investment portfolio that includes five asset categories: stocks, bonds, mutual funds, options, and precious metals. The purpose of diversified portfolio investment is to maximize portfolio expected return for a given level of risk, or to minimize risk for a specific level of expected return. This paper reviews mathematical formulae for modeling risk and return which provide a rationale for investment strategies and portfolio management.

Modigliani and Miller famously argued that all other factors being equal, capital structure is irrelevant. In the real world, however, things are not equal. So the different assumptions that underlie the core of MM, as the theory is known, do not exist in real life. The implication of this for businesses, then, is that they need to examine the different factors that can affect their choice of capital structure and

29% 2.1 Man Group 12.56% 12.94% 2.34% 1.5 Marks & Spencer Group 4.60% 17.10% 8.33% 0.8 Meggitt 2.62% 65.59% 4.64% 1.0 Morrison (Wm) Supermarkets 3.66% 13.23% 7.00% 0.4 3.05% 69.65% 25.61% 0.6 Old Mutual 3.24% 26.38% 0.41% 1.5 Pearson 3.77% 50.96% 8.51% 0.8 Petrofac Ltd. 2.15% 62.80% 11.03% 1.5 Prudential 3.47% 14.73% 0.54% 1.6 Randgold Resources Ltd. 0.45% 20.71% 14.89% 0.4 Reckitt Benckiser Group 3.57% 0.00% 12.35% 0.6 Reed Elsevier 4.10% 54.47% 34.72% 0.8 Resolution Ltd. 8.21% 0.00% -0.05% 1.0 Rexam 3.43% 23.66% 6.14% 0.8 Rio Tinto 2.66% 15.32% 4.87% 1.7 Rolls-Royce Holdings 2.16% 33.86% 5.18% 2.1 RSA Insurance Group 8.88% 15.67% 1.89% 1.0 SABMiller 2.01% 23.13% 6.16% 1.0 Sage Group 3.39% 6.89% 0.9 Sainsbury (J) 5.00% 11.50% 5.61% 0.8 Schroders 2.68% 8.82% 2.27% 1.4 Schroders (Non-Voting) 3.45% 8.82% 2.27% 0.8 Severn Trent 4.18% 7.81% 3.56% 0.4 Smith & Nephew 1.81% 41.03% 12.26% 0.8 Smiths Group 3.52% 44.25% 10.58% 1.1 Standard Chartered 3.20% 13.15% 0.81% 1.3 Standard Life 6.25% 12.32% 0.19% 1.1 Tate & Lyle 3.44% 16.67% 5.34% 0.6 Tesco 4.49% 16.36% 5.62% 0.7 Tullow Oil 0.83% 30.01% 6.10% 1.3 United Utilities Group 5.05% 7.08% 4.91% 0.4 Vedanta Resources 2.79% 13.60% 2.67% 2.2 Vodafone Group 5.25% 13.41% 5.27% 0.4 Whitbread 2.44% 17.73% 8.01% 0.8 Wolseley 1.91% 14.80% 3.44% 1.3 WPP 2.93% 73.30% 3.34% 1.2 Optimal Portfolio After carefully analyzing the table 1 and calculating the financial measures of all stocks in Table 1, we select one high performing stock from every industry listed to have well diversified portfolio. Based on our

percentage of days in which the highway had traffic was 3/20, or 0.15, or 15%. Thus, the average time that can be expected for the I-20 is (.15)(45) + (.85)(25) = 6.75 + 21.25 = 28 minutes. The expected time on Shea Boulevard is 35 minutes, and this is consistent. Thus, during normal conditions it is faster on average to take the I-20. The total travel time for the month