As well as several reports relating diseases and mood, mental status has also been reported to affect immuno-regulatory systems. Chronic depression or chronic stress conditions lead to immuno-suppressive status and imbalance in corticotrophin-releasing hormone, which induces cancer and hyperthyroidism. It has been reported that depressive states induce suppression of mitogenic reaction in lymphocytes, decreases the number and activity of natural killer cells and decreases the production of interferon." Sadamoto, Ogawa, Ogura and Saito, 2006) the work of Gray (nd) entitled: "What Feature of Rheumatoid Arthritis are Hard to Cope with Psychologically and What Strategies Might be Helpful in Coping?" identifies the features of RA which are hard to psychologically cope with and explores the relationships between those features and negative psychological outcomes. The following figure shows the percentages of the disease symptoms and how the ability of those with RA are affected in coping.
Figure 1
How Severely Individuals with RA are Affected
Source: Gray (nd)
Gray states that: "...regardless of the degree of severity, different patients will be more or less disabled by their disease depending on their expectations and tasks they wish to partake in. Any small change in the hand or wrist could be catastrophic for a pianist for example, but may not bother someone else who does not require the same levels of precision in hand movements." (nd) Therefore, it is critical when considering the psychological coping of the different variations of the severity of RA that one be "clear about difference between restriction, resulting disability and consequent handicap." (Gray, nd) Dickens et al. (2002) conducted a meta-analysis, which shows that in 13%-19%Q of RA depression is existent, which is approximately three times the normal population range. ADL in RA is affected by joint pain (Heiburg and Kvein, 2002) the study of Minnock et al. (2003) conducted a survey of a group of women with RA using the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales 2 (AIMS2) and state findings that the primary factor associated with a reduction in ADL was pain. Functional impairment is also a result of RA and Heiburg and Kvein state findings that 45% of the participants state that hand and finger functioning was most affected in their ADL while 33% state that walking and bending was...
Rheumatoid arthritis is a widespread autoimmune disease that is linked to progressive disability, socioeconomic costs, systemic complications, and even early death. In addition to having an unknown cause, the disease also has a guarded prognosis. In the past few years, there have been several attempts to understand the pathogenesis of the disease, which have resulted in the creation of new therapeutics with enhanced outcomes (McInnes & Schett, 2011, p.2205). As
Rheumatoid Arthritis: Risks/Benefits of Latest Treatments Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a form of arthritis characterized by swelling and tenderness which recent studies have revealed that approximately 1% of grownups suffer from. A common symptom of this disease is symmetric polyarticular inflammation of the synovium, typically of the small joints of the hands (MCP and PIP), wrists and feet. This swelling causes discomfort and difficulty of movement and could result into gradual
Therapies/Treatments That Can Be Done to Help the Immune System of a Patient 18-55 Diagnosed With Rheumatoid Arthritis THERAPIES/TREATMENTS TO HELP THE IMMUNE SYSTEM OF An 18-55 PATIENT DIAGNOSED WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS Therapies/treatments that can be done to help the immune system of a patient 18-55 diagnosed with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Annotated Bibliography Cem Gabay, A, et al. (2013). Tocilizumab Monotherapy vs. Adalimumab Monotherapy for the Treatment Of Rheumatoid Arthritis (ADACTA): A Randomized, Double-Blind,
h2 { color: blue; } Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and progressive destruction of the joints. Understanding its pathophysiology is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies. Immune Dysregulation: RA is mediated by an aberrant immune response involving the activation of T cells and B cells. Dysregulated T cells secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?)
Overview of a Recently Approved Drug by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration The exhaustive and lengthy approval process used by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) means that when new drugs are released, they are considered sufficiently safe for use by humans as directed by physicians. This approval process, though, also means that just a relatively few new drugs are approved each year, including Kevzara used to treat adult
p { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 10px; } Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disorder that primarily affects joints, but it can also present with extra-articular manifestations. The struggle to fully understand its pathophysiology is ongoing, although significant progress has been made in identifying the intricate interplay of genetic, environmental, immunologic, and hormonal factors that contribute to disease development and progression
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