¶ … Low, Stanton, Bower & Gyllenhammer (2010)
Strengths:
All women at Stave IV breast cancer, allows to moderate for stage level differences in psychological processing
Random assignment to experimental group
Control group also writes, just not expressively and about emotions
Based on social constraint theory
Used standardized scales for measuring depression and somatic symptoms
Took into account time since diagnosis
Weaknesses:
Short and infrequent writing (4 x 20 minute intervals over a period of 3 weeks)
Moderating variables (perceived emotional support; time since diagnosis) do not seem related to the writing
Perceived emotional support treated as an ancillary variable in the design, and yet was a defining feature of the hypothesis (weak internal validity)
Women received $80 for participating, which would have influenced the decision to participate
The participants had already been proactive in their psychological recovery
Homogenous experimental group.
Narrative:
The researchers hypothesized that especially among women who receive low emotional support and who were more recently diagnosed, the writing would reveal distinct improvements. However, the researchers did not control for these variables at the onset. Instead, they retroactively examined whether there was an effect based on perceived emotional support and time since diagnosis. This...
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