¶ … communication during a disaster is essential to controlling and mitigating the damage of the disaster and reaching victims in a timely manner. Whether the disaster is a brush fire, mudslide, or earthquake, disaster authorities must have the ability to communicate at a moment's notice without any interruptions or difficulties. This module will further discuss the need to implement proper communications and offer suggestions as to communication setup.
At the onset of a disaster, there must an alternative communications program set up. While the program may not actually be utilized until a disaster, it should remain available and be tested regularly as part of emergency drills. There are two key components to a proper emergency alternative communication network. The first is information transfer. Often during an emergency, concerned citizens tie up the internet attempting to contact family. For this reason, a separate governmental internet server should be established to ensure the speedy transfer of information between field agents and central command. Additionally, telephonic communications must also be made available for communication. In an article published in Communications, a new system is proposed that overrides standard wireless frequencies allowing for emergency personnel to use alternative frequencies reserved only for that personnel (Fujiwara, 2004). This measure ensures that all field agents are able to easily communicate with the central command and that decisions can be made instantly.
The shorter the distance between the Emergency Operations Center and the Incident Command Post the better. While most communications can be handled electronically, there may be vital communications that can only be handled in person. If these two locations are too far apart, it eliminates the response team's flexibility, which will only delay responses and result in a longer lasting disaster. One useful tool for determining the best location to set up both the Emergency Operations Center and the Incident Command post is the Geographic Information System. This system show, based on satellite images and historical data, the safest and closest location for these two bases of operation. Furthermore, this tool allows for instant data delivery of how widespread a certain disaster, such as a brush fire, has become.
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