Gang crime is deeply rooted in such neighborhoods, making it very easy for the residents, especially the young people to fall prey to gang related crimes. People living in such areas have a high tendency of recidivism than other areas, because once they are out of jail or any other corrective facility, they still come back to the same old way of life making them prone to committing the crimes again.
Unemployment rate is also a major factor leading to high rates of recidivism in America. Once released from prison, most ex-offenders find it very difficult to secure a good job. This is partly due to the unwillingness of the employer, to give an "ex-con," a job in his firm. Resultantly, this prompts the 'ex offender' to look for alternative means of survival and exposes him to the easier way of earning a living through crime. The criminal record of the ex-offenders blocks their chance of getting a job that is to their expectations. This scenario causes a lot of frustration towards the society and it may increase the chances of the person to result to crime as a way of getting back at the society, which he sees as if it is against him in many aspects.
"Prisonization"
This refers to frequent brushes with law, often leading to imprisonment, albeit because of a misdemeanor. It is deeply rooted in lack of a personality that stems from n endemic distrust and hostility towards official authority. It is further catalyzed by a constant relationship between guards and inmates and generally, and the harsh prison life. Individuals with such a characteristic are more predisposed to be re-incarcerated. Subconsciously, they are more comfortable with a restricted prison life because they find it hard to exercise control on their own and they find it hard to live in a sane society. This effect has mostly been felt by the African-American and Hispanic community who have a big percentage perceive the law of the land to be against them. For most of the people in this category, they are mostly society delinquents who lack proper housing or a proper job.
The major internal factor affecting the rate of recidivism is based on the individual and the true character and personality of a person (Mbuba, 2005). Psychopathic prisoners have a 2.4 higher chance of being released from prison than normal prisoners, even though their chances of recidivating area higher. According to Mbuba (2005), through research, it has been shown that incarceration or other behavior modification techniques, do not improve the behavior of a person. Psychopathic people have been known to hide their true personality very effectively and they are good at manipulating other people to get what they want (Kristen, 2007). A person with psychopathic tendencies might pretend to be very remorseful of his crimes, only to go back again to his former ways once released. He may be able to hide his ulterior motives through his own creation of a veil of honesty and goodwill as portrayed by him. They possess a distorted sense of potential consequences of their actions and do not deeply recognize the risk of being caught as a result their actions. They are generally considered untreatable and incurable and are predisposed to going back to their social vices (Kristen, 2007).
Shorter jail term
Research has shown that those people incarcerated for a shorter period of time have a low chance of going back to crime, than those that are put in jail for longer periods of time (Marna et al., 2009)..A prison can have a negative effect on an inmate, by making him or her to be hardened and repulsive to the expected societal virtues, being incarcerated for a long time, especially for a minor offence, can create a monster out of a person, partly due to the harsh prison realities and the stigma associated with having a criminal record. The Government should look for alternative ways like supervised probation for corrective purposes, as opposed to longer jail terms. According to Marna et al. (2009), Research has shown that prisoners who are under the rehabilitation of probation have a lower chance of going back to crime than their counterparts who are incarcerated for long periods of time (Sutherland 2010).This method however, is restricted to minor crimes which constitutionally do not elicit very tough sentences. Petty and first time offenders can be cut some slack in their sentencing so as to avoid the problem of recidivism (Sutherland 2010)
Post incarceration education and counseling should effectively be used as a forum for preparing the' ex-offenders' to join the mainstream society. The 'ex offenders' should be incorporated in the daily societal endeavors, devoid of the prejudice attached to them for being ex-cons. (Willy, 1975). It should be the role of the government to make sure that the ex-offenders...
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