Public Private Comparator Public Sector Comparator (PSC) in the Public-private partnership (PPP) Process Increased global financial pressures have caused many government entities to cut costs in any way possible. One way is to outsource services or projects to private companies. However, when comparing costs, the public sector frequently bases its cost calculations for a project by omitting certain types of factors. These can include employee benefits, utilities, or total administrative costs. As

Public Private Police Relationship between private and public police Before discussing the relationship between private and public police it is important to understand what the terms policing, private space, and public space mean. Policing can be defined as the "preservation of peace, that is, to the maintenance of a way of doing things where persons and property are free from unwarranted interference so that people may go about doing their businesses normally"

Public Key Infrastructure Email communication has strongly increased in the last couple of years and its still growing. It's hard to find a company which doesn't use email to run its business processes both within the company and with external business partners and clients. Therefore, the eminent security threat to the company's network infrastructure and content of the company products should be priories. The use of Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) would

Public Administration in Brazil PUBLIC ADMINSTRATION IN BRAZIL The grassroots and rural development happen to be the main concern and responsibility of any responsive government in a political system. This because the power of political participation is significant in any developmental process of a country which has persistently eluded many people at the grassroots level. Brazil as a developing country needs to take into consideration the significant of efficient administrative responsibilities in

Private Finance The private financing initiatives When the Private Finance Initiative was launched in 1992, it was seen as a mechanism to achieve extra public-sector investment by bringing in private finance for capital projects as well as a means to improve the public procurement process that was routinely criticized for poor project management and construction cost overruns. PFIs cut across a range of public services, including hospitals, prisons, public transport, roads, and

Debt #10 Principle #2 Interest #9 Sinking Fund #7 Pay-as-you-go #13 Mortgage bonds #15 Accounts payable #5 Unfunded pension liability #6 General obligation debt #8 Revenue debt #4 Special authority debt #17 Lease-backed debt #16 Traditional capital financing #1 Public-private capital financing #12 Creative capital financing #18 Financial engineering #20 Derivatives #11 Operating Budget #3 Capital Budget #14 Speculators #19 Question 2. There are several warning signs that a municipality is in financial trouble. One is unfunded pension obligations. If the municipality is not putting enough money into its pension