However, as male children transition into late childhood and adolescence, they tend to withdraw from their mothers and confide much more in their fathers. In fatherless households, the male child often withdraws from the mother in much the same way, but without the option of shifting emotional connection to the father. As a result, fatherless male adolescents exhibit substantially higher rates of delinquency, alcoholism, illegal activity, and perform worse academically (Gerrig & Zimbardo, 226).
The Importance of Fatherhood for Female Children:
In female children, absentee fathers predispose them either to negative expectations or to unrealistic idealized expectations in their dating relationships with men that ultimately increase the likelihood of disappointment and by virtue of multiple mechanisms that undermine those relationships (Bannon & Southern, 22-3). Typically, females raised without their fathers select emotionally unavailable partners who will allow them to reenact the male abandonment they experienced as children. Alternately, they may become dysfunctionally sexually promiscuous in a subconscious effort to receive male approval and intimacy from men.
Conclusion:
two-parent home environment is essential for the optimal psychological development of children and the consequences of loss of either parent in childhood is associated with significantly increased likelihood of developmental problems in male...
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